131 research outputs found
Magnitude and correlates of intimate partner violence against women and its outcome in Southwest Ethiopia.
No full textBACKGROUND: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a major public health problem with serious consequences. This study was conducted to assess the magnitude of IPV in Southwest Ethiopia in predominantly rural community. METHODS: This community based cross-sectional study was conducted in May, 2009 in Southwest Ethiopia using the World Health Organization core questionnaire to measure violence against women. Trained data collectors interviewed 851 ever-married women. Stata version 10.1 software and SPSS version 12.0.1 for windows were used for data analysis. RESULT: In this study the life time prevalence of sexual or physical partner violence, or both was 64.7% (95%CI: 61.4%-67.9%). The lifetime sexual violence [50.1% (95% CI: 46.7%-53.4%)] was considerably more prevalent than physical violence [41.1% (95%:37.8-44.5)]. A sizable proportion [41.5%(95%CI: 38.2%-44.8%)] of women reported physical or sexual violence, or both, in the past year. Men who were controlling were more likely to be violent against their partner. CONCLUSION: Physical and sexual violence is common among ever-married women in Southwest Ethiopia. Interventions targeting controlling men might help in reducing IPV. Further prospective longitudinal studies among ever-married women are important to identify predictors and to study the dynamics of violence over time
Value Creation and Sorghum-Based Products: What Synergetic Actions are Needed?
No full textSorghum is a crop of marginal and vulnerable areas that are highly
susceptible to the changing climate. A firm-level survey was conducted to address
the level of utilization of the sorghum grain, associated value creation and constraints
in the agro-processing segment of the agrifood value chain. Results declare
that wheat is the most popular and commercial crop that has been widely utilized
for the manufacturing of different food products. Maize is the second potential grain
while the large share more allocates to the manufacturing of feed and fortified food
products. The grains of teff, rice, and sorghum are majorly restricted to traditional
food products. To a very limited extent, the agro-processing utilization of sorghum is
more attributed to the manufacturing of baby foods and feed products. The physical
features and nutritional qualities of sorghum products, experience and awareness
gaps, and consumer perceptions remain to be the major barriers that limit the
competitiveness of sorghum. The complex nature of the system demands empirical
research, agribusinesses, and development actors to join hands embarking on the
enhancement of nutrition, capacity development, product innovations, and demand
creation. Moreover, boosting up of farm productivity, promoting farmer-industry
partnerships and backup to the infant agro-processing sector opens up the
opportunities for the disconnected sorghum growers
Simultaneous estimation of multiple dairy technologies uptake
No full textThe low productivity of the Ethiopian dairy sector has been explained by the genetic potentials and management practices. Milk production and consumption largely rely on the indigenous cows. To enhance the contribution of dairy to household food security, nutrition, and income, the adoption of improved dairy breeds together with the component practices is indispensable. To study the adoption of the dairy technologies and the factors stimulating the choices, a cross-sectional household survey was conducted in the central and eastern Ethiopia. Results declare that the rate of adoption of improved breeds, artificial insemination, and improved forage remained to be limited. The uptake of concentrate feeding is found to be relatively better. As the joint multivariate probit estimation confirmed, there is complementarity and interdependence in the uptake of improved breeds, artificial insemination, concentrate feeds, and improved forages. The utilization of forage lagged behind to complement the adoption of improved cows. Tobit model determination confirmed that the same factors are affecting the adoption decisions. The factors responsible for the joint adoptions, the number of cows owned and intensity of adoption include education status, household wealth, access to markets and district centers, contacts with extension and gender roles. Both the joint and individual analyses highlighted the need for strategies that could overcome the constraints and ensure better uptake of the technologies
Simultaneous estimation of multiple dairy technologies uptake
No full textTo enhance the contribution of dairy to household food security, nutrition, and income, adoption of improved dairy breeds together with the component practices is indispensable.To study the adoption of the dairy technologies and the factors stimulating the choices, a cross-sectional household survey was conducted. As the joint multivariate probit estimation confirmed, there is complementarity and interdependence in the uptake of improved breeds, artificial insemination, concentrate feeds, and improved forages. </div
Value creation and sorghum-based products: what synergetic actions are needed?
No full textThe study assesses the extent of sorghum value creation, alternative uses and constraints in the agri-food value chain. The firm-level survey confirms that sorghum remains traditional commodity among the major cereals with limited agro-processing values. Improving markets for smallholder farmers requires holistic value chain development through promotion of sorghum products and boosting up of the productivity of farm lands
Value creation and sorghum-based products: what synergetic actions are needed?
No full textThe study assesses the extent of sorghum value creation, alternative uses and constraints in the agri-food value chain. The firm-level survey confirms that sorghum remains traditional commodity among the major cereals with limited agro-processing values. Improving markets for smallholder farmers requires holistic value chain development through promotion of sorghum products and boosting up of the productivity of farm lands
Transactional Leadership and Project Success: The Moderating Role of Goal Clarity
No full textAbstractThough transactional leadership is considered as a necessary precondition for transformational leadership to be effective, less attention has been paid to the role of transactional leadership in project success. Using 224 development projects of the Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) sector in Ethiopia, the present study examines the relationship between transactional leadership and project success and the moderating role of project goal clarity. The findings of the study indicate that contingent reward in transactional leadership is positively related to project success. Further, project goal clarity moderates the relationship between contingent reward and project success such that contingent reward becomes a stronger predictor for projects that have high goal clarity than low goal clarity. Implications of the findings, limitations of the study and directions for future research are discussed
Factors Affecting the Profitability of Smallholder Common Bean Producers in Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia
No full textአህፅሮት
ቦሎቄ ከዋና ዋናዎቹ የጥራጥሬ ሰብሎች የሚመደብ ሰብል ሲሆን ለሀገሪቱ ኢኮኖሚ እንዲሁም ለአርሶ አደሩ የምግብና የገቢ ምንጭ በመሆን ከፍተኛ አስተዋፅዖ ያደርጋል፡፡ በምስራቅና ደቡብ አፍሪካ ውስጥ ኢትዮጵያ በቦሎቄ ምርት የሦስተኛ ደረጃን ትይዛለች፡፡ በ2010 ዓ.ም. ሀገሪቱ 40 በመቶ የሚሆነውን የቦሎቄ ምርት ወደ አለም አቀፍ ገበያ ልካለች፡፡ ቦሎቄ ከፍተኛ የኢኮኖሚ ጠቀሜታ ያለው ሰብል ቢሆንም ሰፊ የሆነ የተሸሻሉ የቦሎቄ ዝርያዎች ስርጭት በተለያዩ ጊዜያት ቢከናወኑም በቅርብ ጊዜ በተለይም በመካከለኛው ስምጥ ሸለቆ ያሉ አርሶ አደሮች ወደሌሎች ሰብሎች ሲያዘነብሉ ይታያል፡፡ ከዚህ ችግር ጋር በተያያዘ ሁኔታ የቦሎቄ ምርት የትርፋማነት ጥናት አለመኖር የመረጃ ጉድለት ፈጥሯል፡፡ አብዛኞቹ ከዚህ በፊት የተደረጉ ጥናቶች የሰብሉን የትርፋማነትና አዋጭነት ጥናት ያላደረጉ ሲሆን ጥናቱ ይህንን ጉደለት ለመሙላት ታስቦ የተተገበረ ነው፡፡ የአርሶ አደሩ ትርፋማነት ለማጥናት ይረዳ ዘንድ የቦለቄ አምራች በሆኑ አካባባዎች አርሶ አደሮች በተለየ የመምረቻ ዘዴ ተለይተው የቅኝት ተሳታፊ ሆነዋል፡፡ የተሰበሰበውም መረጃ ቀለል ያሉ የመረጃ ቀመሮችና እና ለአዋጭነት አስተዋጽኦ ያለቸው ምክንያቶች ትንተና ተደርጎበታል፡፡ የጥናቱ ውጤት እንደሚያሳየው ከሆነ የአርሶ አደሩ ያልተጣራ ጠቅላላ ትርፍ በአማካይ 13486 ብር በሄክታር ሲሆን ጠቅላላ የተጣራ ገቢ ደግሞ 8127 ብር በሄክታር ይሆናል፡፡ ለቦሎቄ ምርት ትርፋማነት አስተዋዕኦ ከሚያደርጉ አበይት ምክንቶች ውስጥ አርሶ አደሩ ከዋና ገበያ ያለው ርቀት፣ የአርሶ አደሩ የእድሜ ሁኔታ፣ የቤተሰቡ ቁጥር፤ ከግብርና ስራ ውጭ ያሉ ገቢዎች እና የማዳበሪያ ማግኛ ምንጮች አስፈላጊ ሆነው ተገኝተዋል፡፡ በአንጻራዊ መልኩ ሲታይ የወንድ አባወራ አርሶ አደሮች የተሻለ ትርፋማ ሲሆኑ፤ በግብርና ስራ ያለ ልምድ፤ በገበሬ ቡድን አባል መሆንና ምርቱ የተሸጠበት የገበያ ሰንሰለት ዓይነቶች አዎንታዊ በሆነ መልኩ ተጽዕኖ የሚሳድሩ ምክንያቶች ናቸው፡፡ ስለዚህም የቦለቄ አምራች አርሶ አደሮችን ትርፋማነት ለመጨመር፤ አዎንታዊ ምክንያቶችን ከፍ ማድረግና አሉታዊ ምክንያቶችን በመቀነስ የፖሊሲ እርምጃዎችን ማቀናጀት ያስፈልጋል፡፡
Abstract
Common bean is one of the major pulse crops which played an important role in the Ethiopian national economy and to farmers as food and cash income. Ethiopia ranked third in common bean production in Eastern and Southern Africa. The country exported 40 percent of its total common bean production in 2010. Despite the wide dissemination of improved common bean varieties and its economic importance, there is a dearth of information on the profitability of smallholder farmers from common bean production. Most of the previous studies on common bean did little on the profitability of smallholder bean producers. This study is designed with the aim of assessing the profitability status of smallholder common bean producers and factors correlated with it. Sample bean producers were selected randomly using simple random sampling. The cross-sectional data collected from sampled households are analyzed using descriptive statistics and Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The result of the study shows that the mean common bean gross margin and net farm income was 13486 and 8127 Birr/ha respectively. Distance from the nearest market, Age, Family size, off farm income and fertilizer source are the factors influencing the profitability of smallholder common bean producers negatively. However, Gender, farm experience, group membership and target market channel had a positive significant influence on smallholder based common bean production profitability. Therefore, in order to enhance the profitability of smallholder households, among others, it is important to improve access to input and output market and collective actions by farmers. There is also a need to minimize the gender gap in the profitability through affirmative action such as the provision of special credit and access to modern technologies by female farmers.  
Diagnosis of Farm Power Sources and Mechanization in Major Rice Producing Areas in Ethiopia
No full textRice is a new crop to Ethiopia and substantial production of the crop has been started during the late 1990s. Cognizant of the existing production potential, growing import demand, and prospects for ensuring food security, the number of actors posed due emphasis to enhance the rice value chain. The research aims to document the current farm power uses, farmers’ mechanization needs, and awareness about the application of mechanical power
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