1,721,018 research outputs found
YAP N/C ratio and cell spreading states of single B2B cells on 5-kPa substrates.
No full text(A) 3D fluorescent YAP image stack of the single spreading B2B cell at 0.5th, 5th and 10th hour. Note: YAP intensity in nucleus remains higher than the intensity in cytoplasm through the process of cell spreading. (B) 10-hr time-lapse image stack of a single spreading B2B cell on 5-kPa substrates. Note: The cell body (in blue contour) and the nucleus (in orange contour) flatten down. YAP N/C ratio changes from 2.09 at 0th hour to 1.73 at 10th hour. (C) 10-hr time-lapse image stack of a non-spreading single cell. The YAP N/C ratio changed from 2.00 at 0th hour to 2.09 at 10th hour. (D) A filmstrip of the traction field under the single spreading cell (A) and YAP N/C ratio vs. traction as a function of time (n = 10). The magnitude of traction remains constant as the cell spreads over time. (E) YAP N/C ratio versus nucleus/cell-body area of single spreading cells (n = 10). The average YAP N/C ratio (red bold line; n = 10) changed from 2.39 ± 0.28 to 1.74 ± 0.17 (p-value = 0.0057**; E1). The average normalized cell area (blue bold line; n = 10) increased from 580.96 ± 77.79 μm2 to 906.39 ± 245.43 μm2 (p-value = 0.0610 (ns); E1) and the average normalized nucleus area (orange bold line; n = 10) augmented from 164.85 ± 27.21 μm2 to 223.50 ± 43.19 μm2 (p-value = 0.0860 (ns); E2). The average nucleus-spread-area/cell-spread-area ratio changed from 0.29 ± 0.05 to 0.28 ± 0.05 (p-value = 0.7461 (ns)), with a trend-line slope of 0.0006 (E3). (F) YAP N/C ratio versus nucleus/cell-body area of non-spreading cells (n = 5). The average YAP N/C ratio (red bold line; n = 5) changed from 2.09 ± 0.09 to 2.03 ± 0.12 (p-value = 0.6335 (ns); F1), and the average cell area (blue bold line; n = 5) increased from 316.12 ± 42.58 μm2 to 333.75 ± 40.37 μm2 (p-value = 0.7455 (ns); F1). The average normalized nucleus area (orange bold line; n = 5) rose from 192.85 ± 15.71 μm2 to 218.17 ± 22.10 μm2 (p-value = 0.3271 (ns); F2) The average nucleus-spread-area/cell-spread-area ratio changed from 0.63 ± 0.05 to 0.66 ± 0.03 (p-value = 0.5575 (ns)), with a trend-line slope of 0.0051 (F3).</p
YAP N/C ratio and cell spreading states of single B2B cells on 40-kPa hydrogels substrates.
No full text(A) 3D fluorescent YAP image stack of the single spreading B2B cell (B) at 0.5th, 5th and 10th hour. (B) 10-hr time-lapse filmstrip of a single B2B cell on 40-kPa substrates during the spreading process. Note: cell flattens down and YAP N/C ratio changes from 3.14 at 0th hour to 2.48 at 10th hour. (C) 10-hr time-lapse image stack of a non-spreading single cell. The YAP N/C ratio changed from 1.95 at 0th hour to 1.89 at 10th hour. (D) YAP N/C ratio compared with nucleus/cell-body area of single spreading cells (n = 10). The average YAP N/C ratio (red bold line; n = 10) changed from 2.53 ± 0.32 to 1.93 ± 0.12 (p-value = 0.0118 *; D1). The average normalized cell area (blue bold line; n = 10) increased from 988.25 ± 247.34 μm2 to 1082.84 ± 207.46 μm2 (p-value = 0.6487 (ns); D1) and the average normalized nucleus area (orange bold line; n = 10) augmented from 220.70 ± 41.35 μm2 to 262.37 ± 45.64 μm2 (p-value = 0.3220 (ns); D2). The average nucleus-spread-area/cell-spread-area ratio changed from 0.25 ± 0.05 to 0.26 ± 0.04 (p-value = 0.9317 (ns)), with a trend-line slope of 0.002 (D3). (E) YAP N/C ratio compared with nucleus/cell-body area of non-spreading cells (n = 5). The average YAP N/C ratio (red bold line; n = 5) changed from 2.16 ± 0.23 to 2.18 ± 0.19 (p-value = 0.9440 (ns); E1), and the average cell area (blue bold line; n = 5) changed from 379.36 ± 43.42 μm2 to 360.48 ± 37.97 (ns); E1). The average normalized nucleus area (orange bold line; n = 5) rose from 181.47 ± 39.09 μm2 to 234.02 ± 28.37 μm2 (p-value = 0.2585 (ns); E2). The average nucleus-spread-area/cell-spread-area ratio changed from 0.49 ± 0.06 to 0.61 ± 0.04 (p-value = 0.1091 (ns)), with a trend-line slope of 0.0147 (E3).</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Comparison of the p-values of YAP N/C ratio on different stiffnesses of substrates during the first 10 hours of the spreading process.
No full text(A) The p-values of the YAP N/C ratio on 2-kPa substrates and 5-kPa substrates (red dots) increased from 0.1725 at 0th hour to 0.9642 at 4th hour and decreased to 0.3103 at 10th hour. The p-values of the YAP N/C ratio between 5-kPa substrates and 40-kPa substrates (blue squares) showed a gradual decrease from 0.6271 at 0th hour to 0.1637 at 10th hour. The p-values of the YAP N/C ratio on 2-kPa substrates and 40-kPa substrates (green triangles) maintained stable at the first two hours and rose from 0.0955 at 2nd hour to 0.3668 at 4th hour. Next, the p-value declined to 0.0595 at 7th hour and increased to 0.2727 at 9th hour. At 10th hour, the p-value stayed at 0.0262 (*). Generally, when the difference of the two stiffnesses being compared is small (i.e., 2 kPa vs. 5 kPa), the p-value of the YAP N/C ratio is relatively larger over time. As the difference of the two stiffnesses increases (i.e., 2 kPa vs. 40 kPa), the p-value of the YAP N/C ratio declines. (B) Kymographs of single spreading B2B cells on 2-kPa, 5-kPa and 40-kPa substrates during the first 10 hours of the spreading process. The change of the position of the short white lines (time interval: 0.5 hrs.) on the graphs shows fluctuations of the nucleus area and fluorescence as cells are spreading. (C) The nucleus width of the single spreading B2B cells from (B) fluctuates over time. The fluctuation of the nucleus area changes the YAP density in nucleus, which may result in a fluctuation of YAP N/C ratio. This fluctuation of the YAP N/C ratio is reflected in the three groups of p-values in (A), which show fluctuating trends over time.</p
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Relationship between YAP N/C ratio and cell spreading states of single B2B cells on 2-kPa hydrogels substrates.
No full text(A) 3D fluorescent confocal YAP image stack of a single spreading B2B cell on 2-kPa substrate at 0.5th, 5th, and 10th hour. Notably, YAP intensity in nucleus decreases with respect to that in cytoplasm and the YAP distribution becomes homogenous during the process of cell spreading. (B) 10-hr time-lapse image stack that contains overlapped fluorescent YAP images and bright-field cell images of a single B2B cell spreading on 2-kPa hydrogels. Note: The shapes of the cell (in blue contour) and nucleus (in orange contour) transform from roundness to flatness. YAP N/C ratio decreases from 1.93 at 0th hour to 1.40 at 10th hour. (C) 10-hr time-lapse image stack of a non-spreading single cell. Note: The shape of the cell maintains rounded. YAP N/C ratio changed from 1.62 at 0th hour to 1.59 at 10th hour. (D) YAP N/C ratio versus nucleus/cell-body area of spreading cells (n = 10). The average YAP N/C ratio (red bold line; n = 10) changed from 1.97 ± 0.17 to 1.49 ± 0.12 (p-value = 0.0022**; D1). The average cell area (blue bold line; n = 10) increased from 708.96 ± 118.71 μm2 to 922.30 ± 147.73 μm2 (p-value = 0.0920 (ns); D1) and the average nucleus area (orange bold line; n = 10) changed from 222.70 ± 41.35 μm2 to 262.37 ± 45.64 μm2 (p-value = 0.3220 (ns); D2). The average nucleus-spread-area/cell-spread-area ratio changed from 0.27 ± 0.03 to 0.22 ± 0.06 over time (p-value = 0.2422 (ns))with a trend-line slope of -0.0024 (D3). (E) YAP N/C ratio versus nucleus/cell-body area of non-spreading cells (n = 5). The average YAP N/C ratio (red bold line) changed from 1.69 ± 0.16 to 1.62 ± 0.09 (p-value = 0.6741 (ns); E1), and the average cell area (blue bold line) changed from 399.49 ± 38.74 μm2 to 391.24 ± 21.30 μm2 (p-value = 0.8400 (ns); E1). The average nucleus area (orange bold line) changed from 230.02 ± 43.03 μm2 to 225.83 ± 33.60 μm2 (p-value = 0.9377 (ns); E2) The average nucleus-spread-area/cell-spread-area ratio maintained at 0.57 ± 0.07 (p-value = 0.9908 (ns)), with a trend-line slope of -0.0022 (E3). All p-values are indicated according to the Michelin guide scale (p ≤ 0.001: [***]; 0.001 < p ≤ 0.01: [**]; 0.01 < p ≤ 0.05: [*]; 0.05 < p: ns).</p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
