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The Yao Muslims : religion and social change in southern Malawi
No full textThe African Muslim minority in Malawi has been identified with
one particular linguistic group, the Yao. The dissertation
begins with the problem of their conversion and adherence to
Islam in the face of seemingly adverse circumstances. In
exploring-solutions to this problem the emergence of a Yao
identity is outlined and the politics of conversion are
described. The narrative then moves on to the transformations of
the Yao Muslims in the hundred years since their conversion. A
model of religious change is developed that attempts to account
for both the dynamics of change and the contemporary situation
of Islam in southern Malawi. The Yao Muslims are shown to be
divided into three competing and sometimes hostile factions that
are termed the Sufis, the sukuti or 'quietist' movement and the
new reformists. The appearance of these movements and their
interaction with one another is described in relation to the
questions of identity and religious practice. The model proposes
a three phase scheme of Islamic change (appropriation and
accommodation followed by internal reform and then the new
reformist movement) that is defined in part by the relationship
of the Yao Muslims to writing and the Book. It is suggested that
a certain logic of transformation is endogenous to Islam as a
religion of the Book and that the scripturalist tendencies of
the reformist movement give it an advantage over the followers
of Sufi practices, especially in the context of modern systems
of communication and education. The general approach is that of
an historical anthropology, linking notions of structured change
to anthropological concerns with ritual and practice. The
analysis concludes by raising questions about the nature of
religious change in the context of an increasingly volatile
world system and the place of the anthropology of religion in
the understanding of modernity
Miao-Yao
No full textExamination of the Maio-Yao language familyEthnic groups of mainland Southeast Asia, Frank M. LeBar, Gerald C. Hickey and John K. Musgrave.
New Haven, Human Relations Area Files Press, 1964, 63-81
Longiclavula Yao, Cai & Ren
No full textGenus Longiclavula Yao, Cai & Ren, gen. nov. Type species: Longiclavula calvata Yao, Cai & Ren, sp. nov. Diagnosis: Body moderately sized, elongate, general body plan resembling alydids’, dorsal surface smooth, impunctate. Head width and length subequal, slightly shorter than pronotum, apex surpassing first segment of antenna; antennae 4 segmented, longer than half of body, first segment short and thick, second, third, and fourth segments slender, second segment longest, fourth shorter than third segment; eyes moderately large, round and prominent, distance between two eyes wider than diamete of an eye. Pronotum trapezoidal, slightly transverse, with collar; femur lacking spine; hemelytron macropterous, long and narrow, apical margin rounded, nearly reaching to tip of abdomen, with distinct embolium, corium elongated on costal margin, with only one wavy longitudinal vein; clavus tapering, without carina and vein; membrane with numerous veins. Abdomen oval, all sutures of abdominal straight, third to fifth sterna subequal in width, distinctly wider than other sterna. Distribution: China. Etymology: The name is a combination of the Latin longus (‘long’) and clavula (“clavus”), alludes to its very long clavus and lack of a claval commissure. The gender is feminine. Remarks: This new genus can be placed next to Miracorizus as they are similar in the following characters: antenna long and slender, the first segment shortest, not extending beyond head apex, the second segment longest, fourth segment shorter than third segment; legs without spine; hemelytron macropterous, costal margin of corium elongated, clavus tapering, longer than lateral side of scutellum, without claval commissure. But Longiclavula can be easily distinguished from Mircorizus by dorsal surface smooth (vs. densely punctate), length of body about 4 times of the width (vs. about 3 times), corium with only M and without medial fracture (vs. without M and medial fracture), clavus without veinlike carina and vein (vs. with a veinlike carina and a vein arising at its basal point). Longiclavula is also similar to Monstrocoreus Popov, 1968 in body relatively elongated, clavus tapering, only one vein on corium; but the new genus can be distinguished from the latter by head over 0.5 times as wide as base of pronotum (vs. less than 0.5 times as wide as base of pronotum); antenna relatively shorter, slightly longer than half of body (vs. subequal to body); M crooked (vs. M nearly straightly); third to fifth abdominal sterna subequal in width (vs. third to sixth subequal in width).Published as part of Yao, Yunzhi, Cai, Wanzhi & Ren, Dong, 2006, The first discovery of fossil rhopalids (Heteroptera: Coreoidea) from Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China, pp. 57-68 in Zootaxa 1269 on pages 63-64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17321
A nine month progress report on investigation of social network and bibliometric network
No full textBelisana tadetuensis Yao & Li, 2013, sp. nov.
No full textBelisana tadetuensis sp. nov. Figs 19 –21, 41 Type material. Holotype: Male (IZCAS), underside of leaves, Tad Etu [15 ° 11.526 ′N, 106 °06.209′E, alt. 930 m], Champasak, Laos, 17 November 2012, leg. Z. Yao (Yao-LA 012–020). Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality; adjective. Diagnosis. The species can be easily distinguished from all known congeners by different shape of distal apophyses of male chelicerae (Figs 20 B and 21 C) and different shape of distal sclerites of procursus (Figs 19 A, C and 21 A). Description. Male (holotype): Total length 1.36 (1.45 with clypeus), prosoma 0.53 long, 0.56 wide, opisthosoma 0.83 long, 0.49 wide. Legs I and IV lost, leg II: 7.36 (2.01 + 0.25 + 1.80 + 2.50 + 0.80), leg III: 4.86 (1.40 + 0.21 + 1.20 + 1.55 + 0.50). Habitus as in Figs 20 C–E. Dorsal shield of prosoma and sternum whitish, without marks. Legs II and III yellowish, but dark brown on patellae and tibia-metatarsus joints, without darker rings. Opisthosoma whitish, without spots. Distance PME-PME 0.13, diameter PME 0.06, distance PME-ALE 0.01, AME absent. Ocular area not elevated. Thoracic furrow absent. Sternum about as wide as long (0.40). Chelicerae as in Figs 20 B and 21 C, with a pair of thumb-shaped apophyses proximally and a pair of long, curved apophyses distally (distance between tips: 0.09). Pedipalpi as in Figs 19 A–B and 21 A–B; trochanter with a short retrolatero-ventral apophysis; femur with a ventral apophysis; procursus simple proximally but complex distally, with a membranous flap retrolaterally; bulb with a hooked apophysis and a simple embolus. Legs II and III with short vertical hairs on metatarsi, without spines and curved hairs. Variation: Unknown. Female: Unknown. Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 41).Published as part of Yao, Zhiyuan & Li, Shuqiang, 2013, New and little known pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae) from Laos, pp. 1-51 in Zootaxa 3709 (1) on pages 20-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/24883
The gridded 2-m air temperature data produced by Yao et al. (2021) and the depth of major lakes in Wuhan
No full textThe gridded 2-m air temperature data produced by Yao et al. (2021) and the depth of major lakes in Wuhan used in the manuscrip
Current concepts on oxidative/carbonyl stress, inflammation and epigenetics in pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
No full textChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health problem. The current therapies for COPD are poorly effective and the mainstays of pharmacotherapy are bronchodilators. A better understanding of the pathobiology of COPD is critical for the development of novel therapies. In the present review, we have discussed the roles of oxidative/aldehyde stress, inflammation/immunity, and chromatin remodeling in the pathogenesis of COPD. An imbalance of oxidants/antioxidants caused by cigarette smoke and other pollutants/biomass fuels plays an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD by regulating redox-sensitive transcription factors (e.g., NF-κB), autophagy and unfolded protein response leading to chronic lung inflammatory response. Cigarette smoke also activates canonical/alternative NF-κB pathways and their upstream kinases leading to sustained inflammatory response in lungs. Recently, epigenetic regulation has been shown to be critical for the development of COPD because the expression/activity of enzymes that regulate these epigenetic modifications have been reported to be abnormal in airways of COPD patients. Hence, the significant advances made in understanding the pathophysiology of COPD as described herein will identify novel therapeutic targets for intervention in COPD
Hea yunnanensis Lei, Chou, Yao & Lu 1995
No full text4). <i>Hea yunnanensis</i> Lei, Chou, Yao & Lu, 1995 ñfflẘợ <p>Lei, Chou, Yao & Lu, 1995: 202, 204; Fig. 1 (description; illustrations); Chou, Lei, Li, Lu & Yao, 1997: 82; Fig 8- 24; Plate II, Fig. 30 ([nomenclaturists only cited Chou et Yao]; catalogue; redescription; illustrations); Pham & Yang, 2009: 4; Table 2 ([nomenclaturists only cited Chou et Yao]; catalogue; record from Vietnam); Sanborn, 2013: 159 ([nomenclaturists only cited Chou & Yao]; catalogue); Lee, 2014: ([nomenclaturists only cited Chou & Yao]; catalogue; record from Laos); Pham, Nguyen & Luu, 2017: 379 ([nomenclaturists only cited Chou & Yao]; list).</p> <p> <b>Type locality: “ñfflƀǥDzḿ‹øoe)</b>, 1000 m; Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Mengkang, 1000 m ”.</p> <p> <b>Distribution:</b> China (Yunnan), Laos, Vietnam.</p>Published as part of <i>Wang, Cheng-Bin, 2023, A new species of Hea Distant, 1906 from China, with annotated catalogue for the genus (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettinae), pp. 575-583 in Zootaxa 5231 (5)</i> on page 582, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5231.5.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7609696">http://zenodo.org/record/7609696</a>
Belisana champasakensis Yao & Li, 2013, sp. nov.
No full textBelisana champasakensis sp. nov. Figs 1 –3, 41 Type material. Holotype: Male (IZCAS), underside of leaves, Tad Etu [15 ° 11.526 ′N, 106 °06.209′E, alt. 930 m], Champasak, Laos, 18 November 2012, leg. Z. Yao (Yao-LA 021–025). Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality; adjective. Diagnosis. The species resembles B. sepaku (Huber 2005 a: 74, figs 432–436 and 444–448), but can be distinguished by green lateral margins on dorsal shield of prosoma (Figs 2 C–E), long, curved, distal apophyses of male chelicerae (Figs 2 B and 3 C), large subdistal sclerite of procursus (Figs 1 A, C and 3 A) and different position of membranous flap (Figs 1 B, D and 3 B). Description. Male (holotype): Total length 2.01 (2.09 with clypeus), prosoma 0.66 long, 0.81 wide, opisthosoma 1.35 long, 0.65 wide. Legs I and II lost, leg III: 8.06 (2.20 + 0.26 + 1.90 + 2.95 + 0.75), leg IV: 11.20 (3.15 + 0.35 + 2.75 + 4.10 + 0.85). Habitus as in Figs 2 C–E. Dorsal shield of prosoma whitish, with green lateral margins; sternum whitish, without marks. Legs III and IV yellowish, but dark brown on patellae and tibiametatarsus joints, without darker rings. Opisthosoma whitish, with round and elongated dark marks dorsally. Distance PME-PME 0.15, diameter PME 0.08, distance PME-ALE 0.02, AME absent. Ocular area not elevated. Thoracic furrow absent. Sternum wider than long (0.54 / 0.51). Chelicerae as in Figs 2 B and 3 C, with a pair of thumb-shaped apophyses proximally and a pair of long, curved apophyses distally (distance between tips: 0.43). Pedipalpi as in Figs 1 A–B and 3 A–B; trochanter with a short retrolatero-ventral apophysis; femur with a dorsal apophysis; procursus simple proximally but complex distally, with a membranous flap retrolaterally and a bent spine; bulb with a hooked apophysis and a simple embolus. Most hairs lost on legs. Variation: Unknown. Female: Unknown. Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 41).Published as part of Yao, Zhiyuan & Li, Shuqiang, 2013, New and little known pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae) from Laos, pp. 1-51 in Zootaxa 3709 (1) on page 5, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/24883
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