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The Yao Muslims : religion and social change in southern Malawi
No full textThe African Muslim minority in Malawi has been identified with
one particular linguistic group, the Yao. The dissertation
begins with the problem of their conversion and adherence to
Islam in the face of seemingly adverse circumstances. In
exploring-solutions to this problem the emergence of a Yao
identity is outlined and the politics of conversion are
described. The narrative then moves on to the transformations of
the Yao Muslims in the hundred years since their conversion. A
model of religious change is developed that attempts to account
for both the dynamics of change and the contemporary situation
of Islam in southern Malawi. The Yao Muslims are shown to be
divided into three competing and sometimes hostile factions that
are termed the Sufis, the sukuti or 'quietist' movement and the
new reformists. The appearance of these movements and their
interaction with one another is described in relation to the
questions of identity and religious practice. The model proposes
a three phase scheme of Islamic change (appropriation and
accommodation followed by internal reform and then the new
reformist movement) that is defined in part by the relationship
of the Yao Muslims to writing and the Book. It is suggested that
a certain logic of transformation is endogenous to Islam as a
religion of the Book and that the scripturalist tendencies of
the reformist movement give it an advantage over the followers
of Sufi practices, especially in the context of modern systems
of communication and education. The general approach is that of
an historical anthropology, linking notions of structured change
to anthropological concerns with ritual and practice. The
analysis concludes by raising questions about the nature of
religious change in the context of an increasingly volatile
world system and the place of the anthropology of religion in
the understanding of modernity
Materials for Yao et al. (2024, 2026)
No full textMaterials used in the speech production task and the social perception experiment reported in Yao, Li, Li, and Chang (2024, "Perceiving the social meanings of creaky voice in Mandarin Chinese", Speech Prosody 2024) and Yao, Li, and Chang (2026, "Social perception of creaky voice in Mandarin Chinese: Everyone's gender matters", Humanities and Social Sciences Communications), in Excel (.xlsx) and PDF format
Author response
No full textMaintaining attention at a task-relevant spatial location while making eye-movements necessitates a rapid, saccade-synchronized shift of attentional modulation from the neuronal population representing the task-relevant location before the saccade to the one representing it after the saccade. Currently, the precise time at which spatial attention becomes fully allocated to the task-relevant location after the saccade remains unclear. Using a fine-grained temporal analysis of human peri-saccadic detection performance in an attention task, we show that spatial attention is fully available at the task-relevant location within 30 milliseconds after the saccade. Subjects tracked the attentional target veridically throughout our task: i.e. they almost never responded to non-target stimuli. Spatial attention and saccadic processing therefore co-ordinate well to ensure that relevant locations are attentionally enhanced soon after the beginning of each eye fixation.When we look at a scene, our gaze does not move continuously across it. Instead, our eyes move discontinuously, shifting gaze rapidly from point to point to focus on different locations in the scene. These eye movements are known as saccades, and during them the brain temporarily and selectively stops processing visual information. In the brain, a particular area of a scene is represented by different neurons before and after a saccade. Paying attention to a relevant location in a scene across an eye movement therefore requires the brain to shift its attentional effects from the neurons that represented that location in the scene before the saccade to the set of neurons that do so after the saccade. Ideally, this shift should happen rapidly and be synchronized with the eye movement. Exactly how long it takes for attention to emerge at a relevant location after a saccade was not clear because attention had not been recorded on a fine enough time-scale immediately after an eye movement. Yao et al. have now addressed this issue in a series of experiments that asked volunteers to focus their eyes on a fixed point. The volunteers had to follow the point with their eyes as it jumped to a new location, and at the same time had to look out for a change in the movement of a pattern of random dots. The results reveal that attention is fully available at the relevant location within 30 milliseconds after the saccade. In fact, the 30-millisecond delay in the emergence of attention matches the period during which vision is suppressed during a saccade. Thus, the change in the brain’s focus of attention coordinates with the saccadic eye movement to ensure that attention can be fixed on a relevant location as soon as possible after the eye movement ends. More studies are now needed to investigate how the brain coordinates its attention and eye-movement processes to synchronize the shift in attention with the eye movement
Materials for Chang et al. (2011), Chang & Yao (2016, 2019, 2024)
No full textTest materials for Chang and Yao (2024, "An individual-differences perspective on variation in heritage Mandarin speakers", The Phonetics and Phonology of Heritage Languages), as well as Chang and Yao (2019, "Production of neutral tone in Mandarin by heritage, native, and second language speakers", Proceedings of ICPhS 2019), Chang and Yao (2016, "Toward an understanding of heritage prosody: Acoustic and perceptual properties of tone produced by heritage, native, and second language speakers of Mandarin", Heritage Language Journal), and Chang, Yao, Haynes, and Rhodes (2011, "Production of phonetic and phonological contrast by heritage speakers of Mandarin", JASA), which are shareable publicly according to the study's IRB protocol: namely, the Language Background Questionnaire (provided in PDF format). The list of critical linguistic stimuli in Chang and Yao (2019) is provided in pinyin in the paper, and in simplified Chinese characters in Chang and Yao (2016). The other stimuli produced in the same experimental session are listed in Chang and Yao (2016), as well as in Chang, Yao, Haynes, and Rhodes (2011)
Datasets for Chang & Yao (2016, 2019)
No full textFull datasets for Chang and Yao (2019, "Production of neutral tone in Mandarin by heritage, native, and second language speakers", Proceedings of ICPhS 2019) as well as Chang and Yao (2016, "Toward an understanding of heritage prosody: Acoustic and perceptual properties of tone produced by heritage, native, and second language speakers of Mandarin", Heritage Language Journal), in Excel format (.xlsx) and tab-delimited text format (.txt). Sheet 1 of the Excel file provides the acoustic data; Sheet 2, the perceptual data related to tone quality, i.e. tone identification (tonal intelligibility) and perceived goodness; Sheet 3, the perceptual data related to socio-demographic classification of the talkers; Sheet 4, the demographic data for the talker participants; and Sheet 5, the demographic data for the listener (rater) participants. Sheet 6 provides a key explaining each column of the data spreadsheets in sheets 1-5
Datasets for Chang et al. (2011), Chang & Yao (2024)
No full textFull datasets for Chang and Yao (2024, "An individual-differences perspective on variation in heritage Mandarin speakers", The Phonetics and Phonology of Heritage Languages) as well as Chang, Yao, Haynes, and Rhodes (2011, "Production of phonetic and phonological contrast by heritage speakers of Mandarin", JASA): a phonetic dataset and a socio-demographic dataset. Both datasets are provided in text format (.txt). Detailed explanations of each variable in the socio-demographic dataset are provided in the R Markdown file on the "Visualizations and Code" page (https://osf.io/5hyjf/)
A nine month progress report on investigation of social network and bibliometric network
No full textData & Supplementary Material for Yao et al. (2024, 2026)
No full textFull datasets for Yao, Li, Li, and Chang (2024, "Perceiving the social meanings of creaky voice in Mandarin Chinese", Speech Prosody 2024) and Yao, Li, and Chang (2026, "Social perception of creaky voice in Mandarin Chinese: Everyone's gender matters", Humanities and Social Sciences Communications) in text format (.txt). Detailed explanations of each variable in the dataset, along with R analysis code and full model outputs, are provided in the HTML file (knitted R Markdown). The data analysis files include high-resolution, color versions of visualizations that appear in the papers, as well as supplementary visualizations
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Belisana tadetuensis Yao & Li, 2013, sp. nov.
No full textBelisana tadetuensis sp. nov. Figs 19 –21, 41 Type material. Holotype: Male (IZCAS), underside of leaves, Tad Etu [15 ° 11.526 ′N, 106 °06.209′E, alt. 930 m], Champasak, Laos, 17 November 2012, leg. Z. Yao (Yao-LA 012–020). Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality; adjective. Diagnosis. The species can be easily distinguished from all known congeners by different shape of distal apophyses of male chelicerae (Figs 20 B and 21 C) and different shape of distal sclerites of procursus (Figs 19 A, C and 21 A). Description. Male (holotype): Total length 1.36 (1.45 with clypeus), prosoma 0.53 long, 0.56 wide, opisthosoma 0.83 long, 0.49 wide. Legs I and IV lost, leg II: 7.36 (2.01 + 0.25 + 1.80 + 2.50 + 0.80), leg III: 4.86 (1.40 + 0.21 + 1.20 + 1.55 + 0.50). Habitus as in Figs 20 C–E. Dorsal shield of prosoma and sternum whitish, without marks. Legs II and III yellowish, but dark brown on patellae and tibia-metatarsus joints, without darker rings. Opisthosoma whitish, without spots. Distance PME-PME 0.13, diameter PME 0.06, distance PME-ALE 0.01, AME absent. Ocular area not elevated. Thoracic furrow absent. Sternum about as wide as long (0.40). Chelicerae as in Figs 20 B and 21 C, with a pair of thumb-shaped apophyses proximally and a pair of long, curved apophyses distally (distance between tips: 0.09). Pedipalpi as in Figs 19 A–B and 21 A–B; trochanter with a short retrolatero-ventral apophysis; femur with a ventral apophysis; procursus simple proximally but complex distally, with a membranous flap retrolaterally; bulb with a hooked apophysis and a simple embolus. Legs II and III with short vertical hairs on metatarsi, without spines and curved hairs. Variation: Unknown. Female: Unknown. Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 41).Published as part of Yao, Zhiyuan & Li, Shuqiang, 2013, New and little known pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae) from Laos, pp. 1-51 in Zootaxa 3709 (1) on pages 20-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/24883
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