96 research outputs found
CAIRAN IONIK BERBASIS KATION BENZOTRIAZOLIUM SEBAGAIPELARUT IONIK PADA PROSES PELARUTAN DAN REKONSTITUSI SELULOSA
No full textPenelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi cairan ionik berbasis kation
benzotriazolium sebagai pelarut selulosa. Sembilan cairan ionik telah berhasil
disintesis dan diujicobakan sebagai pelarut selulosa dengan bantuan pemanasan
microwave. Kesembilan cairan ionik tersebut merupakan garam dari tiga jenis
kation yaitu kation l,3-etilmetil-l,2,3-benzotriazolium ([MEBzt]+), kation 1,3-
heksilmetil-l,2,3-benzotriazolium ([MHBzt]+), dan kation l,3-metiioktii-l,2,3-
benzotriazolium ([MOBzt]*) dengan tigajenis anion untuk masing-masing kation.
Anion yang digunakan adalah bromida ([Br]"), asetat ([CH3COO]"), dan tiosianat
([SCN]"). Cairan ionik [MEBzt]Br, [MHBzt]Br, dan [MOBzt]Br berhasil
disintesis melalui dua tahap reaksi yaitu reaksi metilasi lH-benzotriazol
menggunakan dimetilsulfat dan reaksi alkilasi-kuartenerisasi masing-masing
menggunakan etilbromida, heksilbromida dan oktilbromida. Keenam cairan ionik
lainnya disintesis melalui reaksi metatesis anion antara garam 1,3-alkilmetil-1,2,3-
benzotriazolium bromida dengan garam perak dari masing-masing anion. Analisis
spektroskopi inframerah (FTIR) dan spektroskopi resonansi magnetik inti (!HNMR)
yang digunakan untuk menentukan struktur menunjukkan bahwa
kesembilan garam berhasil disintesis. Cairan ionik [MOBztjCEbCOO memiliki
kelarutan selulosa paling tinggi yaitu sebesar 20 % b/b. Terdapat kecenderungan
peningkatan kelarutan selulosa seiring dengan bertambah panjangnya alkil dalam
kation benzotriazolium. Pengaruh jenis anion terhadap kemampuan melarutkan
selulosa dalam penelitian ini tidak terlihat jelas, namun terdapat kecenderungan
umum bahwa kelarutan selulosa mengikuti urutan CH3COO" > Br" > SCN".
Pengaruh proses pelarutan ini meningkatkan kestabilan termal dan memperkecil
ukuran partikel dari selulosa
PENGARUH SISTEM ANGGARAN TERHADAP KINERJA AWAK KAPAL DI PT. DIAN BAHARI SEJATI
No full textAhmad Zaki Very Setiadi, 51145493 K, 2018 "Influence Of Budget System
About Performance Of Crew Ship In PT.Dian Bahari South
Jakarta " Diploma IV Program, study program of Port and
Shiping, Merchant Marine Polytechnic Semarang, Supervisor I:
Nita Styaningsih, S .Pd, M. Hum, mentor II: Capt. Firdaus Sitepu
S.ST, M.Si.
The operation of the ship is quite dense requires the procurement and
regular maintenance so that ship operations are not hampered and problematic.
The obligation of the company as the owner of the vessel shall provide spare parts
and ship equipment that support the maintenance of the vessel. The Company
forms part of its organizational structure responsible for the maintenance of all
shipments, namely purchasing logistics
In this study the authors explain the role of purchasing logistics in
supporting the operational activities of PT.Dian Bahari Sejati south Jakarta and
the constraints faced and the efforts made by purchasing logistics in the provision
of spare parts and ship equipment. The method used in the writing of this thesis is
descriptive qualitative method. The data collected by the authors are sourced
from people who are related to the problem of purchasing logistics and data
results of author observation.
The results of research conducted during the implementation of the author
Land Practices in PT. Dian Bahari Sejati South Jakarta, purchasing logistics acts
as a provider of spare parts and ship equipment to carry out ship maintenance in
order to ship operations smoothly. Constraints faced by purchasing logistics in
support of operasiaonal activities such as company policies that do not make
goods, approval of supervisors who are too long distant supplier location,
payment to vendors.
Keywords: purchasing logistics, budgetin
The effects of competition on market segment selection
No full textIn this research, we investigate the dynamics of firms' segment selection, in which segments a firm decides to enter and compete, and in which segments a firm decides to exit, from a competitive perspective. Specifically, we examine how firms make segment selection by simultaneously considering seemingly contradictory effects: the segment competitive condition predicts that firms avoid competition and imitation effects that influence firms to imitate each other and to cluster together. To investigate this, we observed positional moves of firms operating in the U.S. automobile industry between 1950 and 1993 (annual panel data) with around 11,000 items of complete observations with an unbalanced time series cross sectional panel. The data recorded 723 segment entries and 627 segment exits. A discrete time event history analysis with time-varying independent variables was employed to estimate the effects of the independent variables on the probability of a company conducting segment entry or exit in a specific segment. The results suggest that although firms tend to avoid their competitors, the fear of losing market opportunity makes firms follow and imitate each other, and thus mitigate their effort to reduce the competition.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Setiadi Uma
UPAYA MENEKAN PENYUSUTAN MUATAN BAHAN BAKAR MINYAK DI KAPAL MT. BUMI INDONESIA
No full textABSTRACT
Nanda Setiadi Darmawan . 49124393 N “Upaya Menekan Penyusuatan Muatan Bahan Bakar Minyak di Kapal MT. Bumi Indonesia”, Mini Thesis, Merchant Marine Polytechnic Semarang
Losess is a problem that always arises in the process of loading, unloading and transporting. With these efforts should be made and constraints faced to suppress the depreciation charge. This is because the implementation and supervision of loading and unloading unfavorable, inaccuracy in the measurement and calculation as well as measuring tools used not standard
The theoretical basis that the author used in writing this essay describes the efforts to suppress the depreciation charge of fuel oil at the port of loading and unloading as well as to identify and overcome in MT. Bumi Indonesia This thesis also describes the terms of shrinkage, measurement, measurement systems, the intent and purpose of measurement, calculation of the ship, the calculation of the amount of oil that has been published, as well as the procedures for calculation of oil onboard.
The method used writer is a descriptive qualitative research method, so that the author tried to explain the results of all the studies and research on an object obtained.
From the results of the study authors found shrinkage can not be minimized because they have not implemented procedures for implementing and monitoring the activities of dismantling and loading, as well as less rigorous in measuring and calculating the amount of the charge and not standard measuring tool used so that shrinkage occurs frequently. In order to suppress the depreciation charge of the implementation of the loading and unloading procedures performed well and improve supervision of loading and unloading. Efforts to overcome the obstacles encountered in efforts to suppress the shrinkage is more rigorous in measuring and calculating the amount of the charge, and should be standard measurement tools used during the measurement of the charge.
The conclusions of this thesis is the contraction still occurs in MT. Bumi Indonesia due to the implementation of the dismantling and loading are not implemented properly and the lack of supervision at the time of loading and unloading, as well as the constraints faced was less thorough in measuring and calculation. Suggestions author, with good implementation and monitoring and to overcome the obstacles encountered to be more careful in the measurement and calculation and measurement tools are standard
Peran Guru dan Kepala Sekolah dalam Manajemen Kurikulum Berbasis Mutu di SD Negeri 1 Timbang
No full textPeningkatan mutu pendidikan dasar tidak dapat dilepaskan dari efektivitasmanajemen kurikulum yang diterapkan di sekolah. Manajemen kurikulum berbasismutu menuntut adanya kolaborasi yang harmonis antara guru dan kepala sekolahsebagai aktor utama dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmenganalisis peran guru dan kepala sekolah dalam penerapan manajemen kurikulumberbasis mutu di SD Negeri 1 Timbang. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakanadalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui observasi,wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru berperan aktifdalam perencanaan dan pelaksanaan pembelajaran berbasis mutu, meskipun masihditemukan kecenderungan administratif dalam penyusunan perangkat ajar. Kepalasekolah berperan sebagai pengarah, motivator, dan pengawas dalam memastikanpelaksanaan kurikulum berjalan sesuai standar mutu, namun perlu memperkuatdimensi kepemimpinan transformasional untuk mendorong inovasi guru. Sinergiantara guru dan kepala sekolah telah terjalin dengan baik, tetapi masih perluditingkatkan agar lebih reflektif dan transformatif. Kesimpulannya, keberhasilanmanajemen kurikulum berbasis mutu di SD Negeri 1 Timbang bergantung padaperubahan paradigma dari sekadar kepatuhan administratif menuju budaya mutuyang berakar pada kolaborasi, refleksi, dan komitmen bersama untuk peningkatankualitas pembelajaran.Peningkatan mutu pendidikan dasar tidak dapat dilepaskan dari efektivitas manajemen kurikulum yang diterapkan di sekolah. Manajemen kurikulum berbasismutu menuntut adanya kolaborasi yang harmonis antara guru dan kepala sekolah sebagai aktor utama dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmenganalisis peran guru dan kepala sekolah dalam penerapan manajemen kurikulumberbasis mutu di SD Negeri 1 Timbang. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui observasi,wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru berperan aktif dalam perencanaan dan pelaksanaan pembelajaran berbasis mutu, meskipun masihditemukan kecenderungan administratif dalam penyusunan perangkat ajar. Kepala sekolah berperan sebagai pengarah, motivator, dan pengawas dalam memastikan pelaksanaan kurikulum berjalan sesuai standar mutu, namun perlu memperkuatdimensi kepemimpinan transformasional untuk mendorong inovasi guru. Sinergi antara guru dan kepala sekolah telah terjalin dengan baik, tetapi masih perluditingkatkan agar lebih reflektif dan transformatif. Kesimpulannya, keberhasilan manajemen kurikulum berbasis mutu di SD Negeri 1 Timbang bergantung pada perubahan paradigma dari sekadar kepatuhan administratif menuju budaya mutu yang berakar pada kolaborasi, refleksi, dan komitmen bersama untuk peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran
Developing countries'participation in the World Trade Organization
No full textIn the 1960s and 1970s developing countries viewed UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade&Development) rather than the GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs&Trade) as the main institution through which to promote their interests in international trade. But beginning with the Uruguay Round in the mid-1980s, their attitude changed, many more of them became members of the GATT, and a significant number played an active role in negotiations. The author analyzes developing countries'representation and participation in the World Trade Organization (WTO) as of mid-1997 to determine how developing countries can effectively promote their interests and discharge their responsibilities under the rules and agreements of the new organization. He concludes that although many developing countries are actively participating in the new process, more than half of the developing countries that are members of the WTO participate little more than they did in the early 1980s and have not increased their staffing, despite the vastly greater complexity of issues and obligations. Institutional weaknesses at home are the main constraints to effective participation and representation of their interests at the WTO. To make their participation more effective, he recommends that the developing countries establish adequately staffed WTO missions based in Geneva; failing that, pooling their resources and representation in Geneva; and being sure to pay their dues, which are typically small. He also recommends that the international community place higher priority on programs of assistance in support of institutional development of poorer countries aimed at enhancing their capacity to participate in the international trading system and the WTO -- and that the WTO review its internal rules and procedures to ensure that inadvertently they do not make developing countries participation more difficult.Economic Theory&Research,Decentralization,Economic Conditions and Volatility,Country Strategy&Performance,Labor&Employment Law,Trade and Services,Poverty Assessment,Economic Theory&Research,World Trade Organization,Country Strategy&Performance
PENGEMBANGAN TEKNIK PEMISAHAN RADIOISOTOP 113mIn DENGAN SISTIM KROMATOGRAFI KOLOM ZIRCONIUM OKSIDA
No full textPENGEMBANGAN TEKNIK PEMISAHAN RADIOISOTOP 113mIn DENGAN SISTEM KROMATOGRAFI KOLOM ZIRKONIUM OKSIDA. Radioisotop indium-113m ( 113mIn ) mempunyai waktu paruh, T1/2 = 1,7 jam dan energi gamma, Eg = 391 keV cocok dan memenuhi kriteria sebagai radioperunut di bidang industri. Radioisotop 113mIn diperoleh dari peluruhan tin-113 (113Sn, T1/2 = 115 hari) hasil aktivasi neutron 112Sn(n,g)113Sn dalam reaktor nuklir. Proses pemisahan radioisotop 113mIn menggunakan metode kolom kromatografi berbasis matriks zirkonium oksida dengan elusi menggunakan larutan HCl 0,05 M merupakan pengembangan teknik pemisahan dari kromatografi kolom silika gel. Uji kemurnian radionuklida menggunakan metode pengukuran energi 113mIn dengan spektrometri-gamma, serta kemurnian radiokimia dengan cara kromatografi kertas. Spesifikasi produk akhir dalam bentuk 113mInCl3 berupa larutan jernih, pH 2, diperoleh yield > 90 %, kemurnian radionuklida > 90 %, kemurnian radiokimia sebesar 95,51 ± 0,24 % dan stabil selama 5 hari pada suhu kamar
MULTI-CHANNEL FRY COUNTER DESIGN USING OPTOCOUPLER SENSOR
No full textThis paper describes a design of a fry counter intended to be used by consumption fish farmer. Along this time, almost all the fry counting processes are counted by manual, which is done by human. It is requiring much energy and needs high concentration; thus, can cause a high mental and emotional exhaustion for the fry counting worker. Besides that, the human capability and capacity for counting the are limited to a low number. A fry counter design in this study utilizes a multi-channel optocoupler sensor to increase the counting capacity. The multi-channel fry counter counting system is developed as a solution to a limited capacity of available fry counter. This design uses an input signal extender system for the sensor. The design is based on the interrupt combiner to accommodate multi-channel sensor used. Besides, the transmitter beam's angle is adjusted to deal with the deflection due to water surface. From the experiment, multi-channel sensor can be implemented and high accuracy level could be obtained on the counting and channel number detection, therefore, this design can be implemented and could help farmers to increase the production capacity of consuming fish
Numerical analysis for temperature profile of the closed house using computational fluid dynamics
No full textThe effect of ripening stages on the antioxidant potential of melon (Cucumis melo L.) cultivar Hikapel
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