9 research outputs found
Exploring the potential for renewable energy cooperatives in Mexico: The role of business models in the energy transition
No full textMexico is currently transitioning to a low-carbon electricity production that has a specific goal of producing at least 50\% of its electricity from clean energy sources by 2050. Following the liberalization of its electricity sector in late 2013, private actors joined the Mexican government's efforts to increase the share of renewable energy; however, the mechanisms placed to attract investment continue to favor the incumbents and the model of large-scale, privately owned, and internationally financed projects. These projects produced new forms of spatial and social inequalities, which led to criticism and conflicts from civil society and indigenous groups at the local level. Theories on socio-technical transitions study the shifts within large socio-technical systems and recognize technological innovation's role for the required transition. However, technological innovation alone is not sufficient to achieve the required changes. It depends on other elements within the socio-technological system, such as business models. The role of business models remains underexplored; therefore, this research intends to contribute to the emerging literature linking socio-technical transitions and business model theory. Using the framework proposed by Wainstein and Bumpus (2016), this research aims to understand the role of business models as part of the socio-technical regime and as a device to commercialize technological innovation. Over the last decade, new business models, like the ones implemented by renewable energy cooperatives (REScoops), are proving to be a driving force to transition to low-carbon energy generation. A REScoop is a business model where citizens jointly own and participate in renewable energy or energy efficiency projects. Despite the observed benefits, countries with apparent proper conditions, like Mexico, have not succeeded in implementing this business model. Therefore this research aims to understand the limiting factors by conducting a case study to answer the following main research question: What are the challenges and opportunities for the potential use and adoption of the renewable energy cooperative business model in the context of the Mexican energy transition?. Implementing the conceptual framework combining business models with socio-technical transition theory from a multilevel perspective proved to be useful in understanding specific dynamics and business models' roles within the Mexican energy transition. While the Electric Industry Law of 2014 liberalized the Mexican electricity sector and created the required conditions for REScoops to participate, the secondary laws and the regime's pressures impose a series of entry barriers for REScoops to compete in the electricity market at a large-scale. However, the REScoop business model can be implemented at the distributed generation level. This research introduced four potential business models that could be developed under the current circumstances and regulatory conditions. These business models shall be carefully examined and adapted to the host communities' specific needs and resources. The collective generation business model, in particular, can play an important role in promoting RES. This report closes with a series of recommendations for different actors and recommendations for further research.Electrical Engineering | Sustainable Energy Technolog
Hydrachna distincta Koenike 1897
No full textHydrachna distincta Koenike, 1897 Material examined: Holotype female SMNH 555, "Holstein, Plön, Drecksee Dr. Zacharias leg. 8.7. 86 ". Discussion: The preparation is completely desiccated, with most legs detached and broken into parts, gnathosoma detached, laterally, with base destroyed, chelicerae broken into pieces, one palp entire, the other lacking P 35; frontalia and lateral eyes separate. The ventral idiosoma is mounted upsidedown (genital field and coxae visible from the internal side). In this position it is seen that acetabula also extend to the internallybent lateral margin of the genital plate, here obviously facing the surrounding folded in membranous integument. The palp (obviously not distorted) and gnathosomal rostrum agree with H. conjecta. In the original publication Koenike described the genital field as similar to H. globosa. Only later (Koenike 1909) did he describe the longish shape of this organ; all later text books (Soar & Williamson 1925, Sokolow 1940) obviously relied on this publication or on the figure given by K. Viets (1936) of the holotype. However, as indicated by the key of Soar & Williamson and the examination of a slide in NHML erroneously ascribed to this species (see under H. conjecta), generally most weight was given to the shape of the frontal plates. Most records of H. distincta probably refer to specimens of H. conjecta with an equally concave medial margin of the frontalia (see there): This is the case in a specimen in the collection of Koenike attributed to H. distincta with a question mark, and surely also in the specimens recorded from Ireland by Halbert (1911), who was the only author to describe the male of H. distincta. As this author explained, his identification relied exclusively on the shape of the frontal platelets. In view of the male genital field agreeing perfectly with that of H. conjecta, Halbert was the first to suggest a possible synonymy of the two species. Nevertheless, the most unusual character of H. distincta is the elongated female genital field projecting anteriorly between the Cx 3, a feature not found in any other European species. As no further female specimens with such a morphology have been described in the past 100 years, it is postulated that this species is based on a misshaped individual of H. conjecta (see Lundblad 1962 a for descriptions of similar morphological deviations in other species of the genus). However, as Wainstein (1976, 1980) described diagnostic characters in the shape of tibiotarsi in larvae which he attributed to H. distincta, the question concerning the existence of two possible H. conjecta like sister species remains open and needs further investigation. An earlier publication of the Russian author (Wainstein 1966) suggests that in separating the two species, he also gave most weight to the frontal plates.Published as part of Davids, Kees, Sabatino, Antonio Di, Gerecke, Reinhard, Gledhill, Terence & Smit, Harry, 2005, On the taxonomy of water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) described from the Palaearctic, part 1: Hydrachnidae, Limnocharidae and Eylaidae, pp. 36-64 in Zootaxa 1061 on page 41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17018
The subfamily Typhlodrominae Wainstein (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) in the Serra do Espinhaço, Brazil, with the description of a new genus and two new species
No full textThe biological material was collected under the Brazilian government official authorization conceded to D. Navia by Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Environment (permanent collection permit No. 20650-1).International audienceEleven species of the subfamily Typhlodrominae from the Serra do Espinhaço in Brazil are reported. The new monotypic genus Corynoseius Ferragut gen. nov., is described to accommodate the new species C. brasiliensis Ferragut sp. nov. The new genus can be distinguished by several morphological features, unique in the family Phytoseiidae or shared with other genera in the subfamilies Amblyseiinae and Typhlodrominae, such as (1) a long and extensible gnathosoma by the presence of a basal gnathobrachium and a very long gnathosomatic base; (2) a cheliceral groove longitudinally arranged on the paraxial face of the second cheliceral segment and having internal digitiform papillae; (3) setae R1 inserted on the dorsal shield, at the level of or slightly anterior to the insertions of setae Z1; (4) setae Z4 and Z5 club-shaped, with a long and flexible stalk; (5) a reduced, vase-shaped, ventrianal shield with two pairs of preanal setae; (6) caudoventral setae JV3 and ZV3 absent; (7) setae JV5 and poroids ivp anteriorly displaced and located next to the posterolateral margin of the ventrianal shield. Furthermore, a new species of the genus Typhloseiopsis, T. juquinha Ferragut sp. nov., possessing a combination of characters that expand the genus concept, is described
La vergüenza de haber sido y el orgullo de ya no ser. Normalidad y diferencia en la escolaridad básica a principios de siglo XX
No full textEsta ponencia aborda discusiones, emprendimientos institucionales y discursos referidos a la diferencia, la “debilidad” o la anormalidad en el ámbito de la escolaridad común, asunto que cobra relevancia en el campo pedagógico a comienzos del siglo XX. Junto con la expansión de la escolaridad común como dispositivo obligatorio con pretensión universal, se vuelve visible y objeto de diferentes intervenciones un conjunto de individuos que, de acuerdo con prescripciones médicas, datos estadísticos y atributos corporales no solo “no podía considerarse normal” sino que no debía ser atendido en esos términos. El trabajo indaga discursos y propuestas educativas orientadas al tratamiento de aquellos que fueron categorizados como “débiles mentales”, “retardados pedagógicos” o “anormales” en las primeras dos décadas del siglo XX que se formularon en el marco de diferentes dependencias del Consejo Nacional de Educación (en adelante, CNE). Sostenemos la hipótesis de que estos debates contribuyeron a construir y visibilizar a sujetos que no cuadraban dentro de los parámetros deseables en términos de rendimiento intelectual, conductual o corporal, así como también diseñar e implementar estrategias de segregación. Nos preguntamos ¿Cómo se construye la diferencia? ¿Cuáles son los límites que impactan en la acción escolar? ¿Cómo se conceptualiza y se cuida “lo común” en el discurso escolar? Lo que interesa indagar en este escrito es cómo la construcción de esta diferencia estimuló el debate por las condiciones que debían reunirse para que la acción escolar fuera apropiada para esos sujetos, los límites de la acción escolar y el cuidado de “lo común” que se pretende instalar junto con la escolaridad moderna
Plasma myeloperoxidase concentration predicts the presence and severity of coronary disease in patients with chest pain and negative troponin-T
No full textBackground: A non-negligible proportion of patients with chest pain with negative cardiac troponin may harbor a disrupted coronary plaque. A marker of plaque rupture upstream from myocardial necrosis may help identify high-risk patients among this patient population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of plasma myeloperoxidase (MPO) concentration and angiographic coronary disease among patients with suspected troponin-negative coronary syndromes. PATIENTS AND Methods: Patients presenting with chest pain and negative cardiac troponin-T concentration and undergoing coronary angiography were enrolled in our study. Plasma MPO concentration was measured using a single blood sample collected prior to cardiac catheterization. The primary angiographic endpoint was the presence of at least one coronary stenosis causing a 70percent or more diameter reduction; secondary endpoints were number of diseased vessels, presence of coronary thrombus, and lesion ulceration. The main clinical endpoint was coronary revascularization. Results: Three hundred and eighty-nine patients were enrolled. Presence of coronary stenosis causing a 70percent or more diameter reduction increased with increasing quartiles of myeloperoxidase concentration (P0.0001), as did the presence of coronary thrombus (P0.0001) and plaque ulceration (P0.0001). The need for percutaneous coronary revascularization also increased with increasing quartiles of systemic myeloperoxidase levels (P0.0001). Coronary surgical revascularization did not differ among myeloperoxidase quartiles. Conclusion: Among patients with chest pain without troponin elevation, a single measurement of plasma MPO concentration can help identify patients with a higher risk of having significant coronary stenoses and high-risk angiographic features. © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.*ACC AHA, 2007, CIRCULATION, V116, P803; AMBROSE JA, 1985, J AM COLL CARDIOL, V5, P609; Antman EM, 1996, NEW ENGL J MED, V335, P1342, DOI 10.1056-NEJM199610313351802; Baldus S, 2003, CIRCULATION, V108, P1440, DOI 10.1161-01.CIR.0000090690.67322.51; Brener SJ, 2000, EUR HEART J, V21, P1117, DOI 10.1053-euhj.2000.2119; Brennan M, 2003, NEW ENGL J MED, V349, P1595, DOI 10.1056-NEJMoa035003; Buffon A, 2002, NEW ENGL J MED, V347, P5, DOI 10.1056-NEJMoa012295; Cavusoglu E, 2007, AM J CARDIOL, V99, P1364, DOI 10.1016-j.amjcard.2006.12.060; Eiserich JP, 2002, SCIENCE, V296, P2391, DOI 10.1126-science.1106830; Fu XY, 2001, J BIOL CHEM, V276, P41279, DOI 10.1074-jbc.M106958200; Hamm CW, 2000, CIRCULATION, V102, P118; Hazen SL, 1997, J CLIN INVEST, V99, P2075, DOI 10.1172-JCI119379; Heslop CL, 2010, J AM COLL CARDIOL, V55, P1102, DOI 10.1016-j.jacc.2009.11.050; Jurlander B, 2000, AM J CARDIOL, V85, P810, DOI 10.1016-S0002-9149(99)00872-3; KLEBANOFF SJ, 1984, METHOD ENZYMOL, V105, P399; Kubala L, 2008, CLIN CHIM ACTA, V394, P59, DOI 10.1016-j.cca.2008.04.001; Lucio ED, 2011, INFLAMM RES, V60, P137, DOI 10.1007-s00011-010-0247-8; Meuwese MC, 2007, J AM COLL CARDIOL, V50, P159, DOI 10.1016-j.jacc.2007.03.033; Mocatta TJ, 2007, J AM COLL CARDIOL, V49, P1993, DOI 10.1016-j.jacc.2007.02.040; Naruko T, 2010, HEART, V96, P1716, DOI 10.1136-hrt.2009.187609; Nicholls SJ, 2005, ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS, V25, P1102, DOI 10.1161-01.ATV.0000163262.83456.6d; Ornato J P, 1999, Clin Cardiol, V22, pIV3; Podrez EA, 2000, J CLIN INVEST, V105, P1095, DOI 10.1172-JCI8574; Pope JH, 2000, NEW ENGL J MED, V342, P1163, DOI 10.1056-NEJM200004203421603; REBEIZ A, 2005, EUR HEART J SUPPL, V26, P442; Sanchis J, 2005, J AM COLL CARDIOL, V46, P443, DOI 10.1016-j.jacc.2005.04.037; Sugiyama S, 2004, ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS, V24, P1309, DOI 10.1161-01.ATV.0000131784.50633.4f; Wainstein RV, 2010, CLIN BIOCHEM, V43, P57, DOI 10.1016-j.clinbiochem.2009.07.02212
Spinibdella Thor
No full textSpinibdella Thor Spinibdella Thor, 1930b: 22; 1931a: 39; Atyeo, 1960a: 424; Soliman & Zaher, 1975: 80; Tseng, 1978: 38; Chaudhri et al., 1979: 133; Michocka, 1987: 82. Type-species: Spinibdella reducta Thor, 1930b: 23 by original designation. 121. Spinibdella ampulla Wallace & Mahon, 1972: 568; Millstream, Western Australia, ex green herbaceous, couch grass, Eucalyptus sp. litter. Remarks. Male unknown. Type deposition. ANIC. 122. Spinibdella ankylotricha Omukunda, Theron & Ueckermann, 2012: 9; Limpopo Province, South Africa. Type deposition. NCA. 123. Spinibdella antarctica (Trägårdh, 1907): 24; South Georgia, Grytviken Peninsula, Antarctica, under rocks.— Wallace, 1970: 107. Original designation: Bdella antarctica Trägårdh; Thor, 1931a: 33. Redescription. Wallace (1970). Type deposition. BPBM; USNM, BMNH, ANIC. 124. Spinibdella arenosa Willmann, 1939b: 532; Germany (Wangerooge Island) (Willmann, 1952: 165). Type deposition. ZSM. 125. Spinibdella atyeoi Gupta & Paul, 1985: 14; West Bengal, Midnapur Dist., Patharkumkumi, India, ex nest of Prinia inornata (Sykes 1832) (Aves: Cysticolidae). Remarks. Male unknown. Type deposition. NZSI. 126. Spinibdella bifurcata Atyeo, 1960a: 430; 10 miles west of Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico, under rock.— Soliman, 1975: 48. Distribution. Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Puebla, Michoacán, United States (Texas) (Atyeo 1960a), Egypt (Giza) (Soliman 1975; Zaher 1986), Malaysia (Shiba 1978), China (Lin et al. 2006). Redescription. Shiba (1978). Type deposition. Holotype and paratypes at SEMC, paratypes at USNM, BMNH and SAM. 127. Spinibdella bioculata Swift & Goff, 1987: 39; Kahoolawe Island, Hawaii, ex Kiawe duff and grasses. Remarks. Male unknown. Type deposition. BPBM. 128. Spinibdella californica McGregor, 1956: 12; California, USA, ex lemon. Type deposition. Unknown. 129. Spinibdella corticis (Ewing, 1909a): 122; Urbana, Illinois, USA, under bark of cottonwood tree.— Atyeo, 1960a: 426. Original designation: Bdella corticis Ewing; Thor, 1931a: 36. Other name: Spinibdella cortis [sic]; Rack, 1961: 185. Distribution. United States (Illinois, Texas, Utah, Nebraska), Mexico (Oaxaca), Guatemala (Atyeo 1960a), Japan (Shiba & Morikawa 1966), Australia (Wallace & Mahon 1972). Redescriptions. Atyeo (1960a), Wallace & Mahon (1972). Type deposition. USNM. 130. Spinibdella cronini (Baker & Balock, 1944): 178; Planada, California, USA, on lichens from fig tree.— Atyeo, 1960a: 432. Original designation: Bdella cronini Baker & Balock. Distribution. United States (California, Texas, Utah, Colorado, Washington, Alabama, Maryland), Mexico (Tamaulipas, Guerrero, Nevo León, San Luis Potosí) (Atyeo 1960a), Australia (Atyeo 1963a; Wallace & Mahon 1972), Bulgaria (Sosnina et al. 1965), Egypt (Soliman 1975), Syria (Lattakia) (Soliman & Zaher 1975), Ukraine (Kuznetsov & Livshits 1979a), United States (Lehman 1982), Hawaii (Swift & Goff 1987), Hungary (Ripka et al. 2005), China (Li et al. 1992; Li & Fan 2007), Iran (Ostovan & Kamali 1995; Kamali et al. 2001, Jalaeian et al. 2005; Ueckermann et al. 2007; Abbaszadeh et al. 2010; Daneshnia & Akrami 2013; Majidi & Akrami 2013; Masoudian & Khanjani 2013), Brazil (Pinto-da-Rocha 1995; Hernandes et al. 2011), Slovakia (Kaluz 2008). Remarks. this species was found in bat guano in USA (Webster & Whitaker 2005). Redescriptions. Atyeo (1960a, 1963a), Sosnina et al. (1965), Wallace & Mahon (1972), Swift & Goff (1987), Ueckermann et al. (2007). Type deposition. USNM. 131. Spinibdella denheyeri Hernandes, Daud & Feres, 2008: 265; ex Coffea arabica leaves (Linnaeus, Rubiaceae) Atibaia, São Paulo, Brazil. Type deposition. DZSJRP. 132. Spinibdella depressa (Ewing, 1909a): 125; Arcola, Illinois, USA, under bark.— Atyeo, 1960a: 428. Original designation: Bdella depressa Ewing; Thor, 1931a: 38. a. Bdella virgata Ewing, 1909b: 70; Hartzell, 1918: 206; Baker & Balock, 1944: 179 synonymy by Atyeo (1960a). b. Bdella chapultepecensis Baker & Balock, 1944: 177 synonymy by Atyeo (1960a). c. Bdella riolermensis Baker & Balock, 1944: 178 synonymy by Atyeo (1960a). Distribution. United States (Maryland) (Drummond 1957), United States (Illinois, Texas, Maryland, Arkansas, Kansas, New Jersey, Connecticut), Mexico (México, Distrito Federal, San Luis Potosí, Morelos) (Atyeo 1960a), Australia (Atyeo 1963a; Wallace & Mahon 1972), Pakistan (Chaudhri et al. 1979), United States (Lehman 1982), Hawaii (Swift & Goff 1987), China (Fujian) (Lin & Zhang 2000), Iran (Kamali et al. 2001; Ueckermann et al. 2007; Abbaszadeh et al. 2010). Remarks. this species has the posterior eye wanting, with circular striation where that eye should normally be. Redescriptions. Baker & Balock (1944), Atyeo (1960a, 1963a), Wallace & Mahon (1972), Swift & Goff (1987), Ueckermann et al. (2007). Type deposition. USNM. 133. Spinibdella dusta Shiba, 1969b: 150; tatami, Kuwabara-chô, Matsuyama, Japan, ex tatami. Type deposition. Biological Laboratory of Matsuyama Shinonome Junior College, Matsuyama, Japan. 134. Spinibdella gibberabdomen (Thor, 1931b): 68; Tangier, Morocco; Paktinat-Saeej et al. 2015: 695. Original designation: Bdella gibberabdomen Thor. Remarks. The author mentions only two ventral setae on the hypostome, and illustrates a truncate palptarsus, which is why this species was transferred to the genus Spinibdella. Type deposition. Lost. 135. Spinibdella howarthi Swift & Goff, 1987: 40; Mauna Kea Summit Cone, Hawaii, under stone. Remarks. Male unknown; species known only from the holotype. Type deposition. BPBM. 136. Spinibdella iberica Gomelauri, 1961: 68; close to the Turtle lake near Tbilisi, Georgia, ex lichens. Type deposition. Unknown. Remarks. The choice of the epithet by the author is a mystery, since the type locality was not in the Iberian Peninsula. 137. Spinibdella lignicola (Canestrini, 1886): 184; Italy and Egypt.— Tseng, 1978: 47. Original designation: Bdella lignicola Canestrini. Distribution. Italy (Canestrini 1886; Thor 1931a), England (Hull 1918), Egypt (Trägårdh 1905; Thor 1931a; Abdel-Shaheed et al. 1971), Spain (Mihelčič 1958b), Switzerland (Schweizer & Bader 1963), Taiwan (Tseng 1978), China (Sichuan) (Li et al. 1992), Czeck Republic (Stejskal & Hubert 2008). Redescription. Tseng (1978). Type deposition. CRA. 138. Spinibdella longistriata Tseng, 1978: 42; Shandimann, Pingtung Hsien, Taiwan, ex litter. Type deposition. Supposedly at BSMI, but probably lost (C-C Ho, pers. comm.). 139. Spinibdella mali Jorgensen, 1967: 98; Spring Lake, Utah Co, Utah, USA, ex bark of apple tree. Remarks. Male unknown. Type deposition. Unknown. 140. Spinibdella namibiensis Omukunda, Theron & Ueckermann, 2012: 15; Namibia and South Africa. Type deposition. NCA. 141. Spinibdella novemsetosa Tseng, 1978: 42; Tainan city, Taiwan, on shallot (Alliaceae). Type deposition. Supposedly at BSMI, but probably lost (C-C Ho, pers. comm.). 142. Spinibdella ornata Atyeo, 1960a: 434; Bear Lake, Rock Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA, ex moss and litter. Distribution. California, (Atyeo 1960a), Wisconsin (Oatman 1963). Remarks. Suspected synonym of S. thori, according to Atyeo (1963a: 174). Type deposition. Holotype and paratypes at SEMC, paratypes at CSUC, USNM. 143. Spinibdella polyattenuata Omukunda, Theron & Ueckermann, 2012: 6; Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Type deposition. NCA. 144. Spinibdella pongolensis Omukunda, Theron & Ueckermann, 2012: 12; Kwazulu, Natal, South Africa. Type deposition. NCA. 145. Spinibdella quinqueoculata Thor, 1931b: 70; Tangier, Morocco, ex moss. Type deposition. Lost. 146. Spinibdella rapida Kuznetsov & Livshits, 1979b: 608; rocky cliffs in the vicinity of Alupka town, Crimea, Ukraine, ex moss.— Bednarskaya, 2011: 5. Type deposition. NBG. 147. Spinibdella reducta Thor, 1930b: 23; Norway, in coniferous forest litter.— Thor, 1931a: 39. Distribution. Norway (Thor 1931a), Poland (Michocka 1987). Redescriptions. Thor (1931a), Michocka (1987). Type deposition. Lost. 148. Spinibdella smileyi Tseng, 1978: 39; Taipei, Chiayi Hsien, Taiwan, ex litter. Type deposition. Supposedly at BSMI, but probably lost (C-C Ho, pers. comm.). 149. Spinibdella subrufa Rack, 1961: 183; Germany. Type deposition. ZMUH. 150. Spinibdella tabarii Paktinat-Saeej & Bagheri, 2015b: 696; Amol city, Mazandaran Province, Iran; also citrus, Noor city, Mazandaran Province, Iran. Type deposition. Holotype and paratypes at the Acarological Collection, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran; paratypes at the Acarological Collection, Jalal Afshar Zoological Museum, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran; and also at ASI. 151. Spinibdella tadjikistanica Kuznetsov, 1984: 774; Kondara Canyon, Tadjikistan, ex hawthorn (Crataegus sp., Rosaceae) and grape. Type deposition. NBG. 152. Spinibdella tenella (Banks, 1896): 75; Sea Cliffs, Long Island, NY, USA. Original designation: Bdella tenella Banks; Banks, 1904c: 16; 1907: 596; Thor, 1931a: 31; Spinibdella tenella; Hernandes, 2013: 64. Type deposition. MCZ. 153. Spinibdella tenuirostris (Ewing, 1917): 149; Xenia, Ohio, USA, under stones.— Atyeo, 1960a: 424. Original designation: Bdella tenuirostris Ewing; Berlese, 1893: 43. a. Spinibdella wilsoni Jacot, 1938: 129; synonymy according to Atyeo (1960a: 424). Distribution. Germany (Thor 1931a), United States (Ohio, Florida, Arkansas, Kansas, North Carolina, Vermont, Michigan, California) (Atyeo 1960a), Japan (Shiba & Morikawa 1966), Australia (Atyeo 1963a; Wallace & Mahon 1972), Russia (Wainstein et al. 1978, Ghilarov 1978), Taiwan (Tseng 1978), Korea (Lee et al. 1997), Mexico (Hoffmann & López-Campos 2000), Spain (Domingo-Quero et al. 2003). Redescriptions. Atyeo (1960a, 1963a), Shiba & Morikawa (1966), Wallace & Mahon (1972), Tseng (1978). Remarks. Ewing (1917, not 1914 as mentioned by both Atyeo [1960a] and Wainstein et al. [1978]) described Bdella tenuirostris, without noticing the preoccupied name erected by Koch (1839: 23). Type deposition. USNM. 154. Spinibdella thori (Meyer & Ryke, 1959): 375; Bathurst, South Africa, ex grass and soil.— Atyeo, 1963a: 174. Original designation: Bdella thori Meyer & Ryke. Distribution. South Africa (Meyer & Ryke 1959; Halliday 2005), Australia (Atyeo 1963a; Wallace & Mahon 1972; Halliday 2005), Hawaii (Swift & Goff 1987; 2001), Mexico (Hoffmann & López-Campos 2000), Iran (Abbaszadeh et al. 2010). Redescriptions. Atyeo (1963a), Wallace & Mahon (1972), Swift & Goff (1987), Omukunda et al. (2012). Remarks. Male unknown. Type deposition. Institute for Zoological Research, Potchefstroom University, South Africa. 155. Spinibdella trinomma Omukunda, Theron & Ueckermann, 2012: 3; Kwazulu, Natal, South Africa. Type deposition. NCA. 156. Spinibdella trisetosa (Jacot, 1938): 128 comb. nov.; Micanope, Florida, USA, ex leaf litter. Original designation: Bdella trisetosa Jacot. Remarks. This species is herein transferred to the genus Spinibdella due to having two ventral setae on the hypostome, tricobothria present on tibiae I, IV, tarsi III and IV, setae lps present, and the palpal tibiotarsus truncate. Type deposition. USNM. 157. Spinibdella yeni Tseng, 1978: 44; Taipu, Chiayi Hsien, Taiwan, ex litter. Type deposition. Supposedly at BSMI, but probably lost (C-C Ho, pers. comm.).Published as part of Hernandes, Fabio A., Skvarla, Michael J., Fisher, Ray, Dowling, Ashley P. G., Ochoa, Ronald, Ueckermann, Edward A. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2016, Catalogue of snout mites (Acariformes: Bdellidae) of the world, pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 4152 (1) on pages 26-30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4152.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/26190
Phytoseius ibrahimi Doker & Kazak, sp. nov.
No full textPhytoseius ibrahimi Döker & Kazak sp. nov. Diagnosis. This new species belongs to the plumifer species group, characterized with the presence of setae J 2 and R 1 (Chant & Yoshida-Shaul 1992 a). This species is unique among other species of this group in terms of having a very short peritreme. The peritreme not reaching the base of any podonotal setae even s 4. Dorsal shield almost smooth, bearing two pairs of solenostomes; dorsal setae serrated except j 4, j 5, j 6, J 2, J 5, z 5 and R 1 smooth; sternal and ventrianal shield each with three pairs of setae; fixed digit of chelicera with three teeth and movable digit with two teeth; calyx of spermatheca goblet-shaped; genu II with 7 setae. Female (n= 10). Dorsum (Figure 1). Dorsal setal pattern 12 A: 5 A (r 3 inserted on shield and R 1 off shield). Dorsal shield oval with a slight waist, sclerotised, almost smooth with a few anterolateral and posterolateral striations, bearing two pairs of solenostomes (posteromedian to s 6 and anterior to Z 5); muscle-marks (sigilla) visible, mostly on podosoma, length of dorsal shield (j 1 –J 5) 278 (275–283), width (distance between bases of s 6) 116 (113–120). Dorsal setae serrated except j 4, j 5, j 6, J 2, J 5, z 5 and R 1 smooth. Measurements of dorsal setae: j 1 24 (23–25), j 3 53 (50–55), j 4 19 (18–23), j 5 18 (15–20), j 6 22 (20–25), J 2 28 (25–33), J 5 12 (10–13), z 2 27 (25–28), z 3 38 (33–45), z 4 33 (30–35), z 5 19 (18–23), Z 4 52 (48–55), Z 5 54 (48–60), s 4 74 (70–78), s 6 88 (80–95), r 3 47 (43–53), R 1 24 (23–25). Peritreme (Figures 1, 6). Very short, not reaching to the base of any podonotal setae. Venter (Figure 2). Ventral setal pattern 13:JV- 3, 4: ZV. Sternal shield smooth, lightly sclerotised, with three pairs of setae (ST 1, ST 2 and ST 3) and two pairs of pores (pst 1 and pst 2); length (ST 1 –ST 3) 62 (60–65), width (distance between setae ST 2) 65 (63–70); metasternal setae ST 4 and a pair of pores (pst 3) on metasternal shields. Genital shield smooth; width at level of genital setae (ST 5) 67 (63–70). Ventri-anal shield vase-shaped with a distinct waist, with a few transverse striations and three pairs of pre-anal setae (JV 1, JV 2 and ZV 2), a pair of paraanal (PA) and a single post-anal setae (PST), length of ventri-anal shield 101 (95–110), width 62 (60–65). Setae JV 5, ZV 1 and ZV 3 and six pairs of pores in integument surrounding ventri-anal shield. Setae JV 5 serrated, much longer than other ventral setae, 47 (43–50) in length. Chelicera (Figure 3). Fixed digit 24 (23–25) long with three visible teeth and pilus dentilis; movable digit 24 (23–25) long, with two teeth. Spermatheca (Figure 4). Calyx goblet-shaped, 19 (18–20) in length, with a long neck, atrium knobbed, major duct long and broad. Legs (Figure 5). Length of legs (base of coxae to base of claws): leg I 295 (288–305); leg II 235 (225–245); leg III 221 (213–230); leg IV 334 (325–350). GeII, GeIII and GeIV with seven, six and seven setae, respectively; BtIV with one macroseta 30 (28–33) in length. Male. Unknown. Type material. Holotype female and nine paratype females, Karaisalı-Adana, 3 May 2014, on Rubia sp. (Rubiaceae). Depository. The holotype female and eight paratype females are deposited in the mite collection of the Acarology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey. One female paratype will also be deposited in the Natural History Museum, London, UK. Remarks. This new species is similar to P. bulgariensis Wainstein, P. finitimus, P. improcerus Corpuz - Raros and P. ortegae Guanilo & Moraes, which are also classified in the plumifer species group. Differences between Phytoseius ibrahimi Döker & Kazak sp. nov. and the related species are given in Table 1. Etymology. This new species is named in memory of İbrahim Döker (brother of the senior author) who passed away in a traffic accident on 13 November 2013.Published as part of Döker, İsmail, Kazak, Cengiz & Karut, Kamil, 2015, A new species and two new records of the family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from Turkey, pp. 439-445 in Zootaxa 3918 (3) on page 440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3918.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/23259
Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) papadoulisi Doker & Kazak, sp. nov.
No full textTyphlodromus (Typhlodromus) papadoulisi Döker & Kazak sp. nov. (Figures 11–16) Diagnosis. This new species belongs to the pyri species group of Chant & Yoshida-Shaul (1987). The dorsal shield reticulated posteriorly, bearing three pairs of solenostomes all dorsal setae are smooth except for Z4 and Z5; peritreme extending to level of between setae j1–j3; sternal shield with two pairs of setae; ventrianal shield with four pairs of pre-anal setae and without solenostome; fixed digit of chelicera with four teeth and movable digit with one tooth; calyx of spermatheca saccular and atrium incorporated with the calyx; genu II with seven setae. Female (n=3). Dorsum (Figure 11) Dorsal setal pattern 12A:7A (r3 and R1 off shield). Dorsal shield oval with waist at level of R1, sclerotised, reticulated posteriorly and bearing three pairs of solenostomes (gd2, gd6 and gd9), ten pairs of small pores (sensilla). Muscle marks (sigilla) visible, mostly on podosoma, length of dorsal shield (j1– J5) 349 (348–350), width (distance between bases of s4) 174 (173–175), width (distance between bases of S2) 186 (185–188). All dorsal setae smooth except for Z4 and Z5, which are slightly serrated. Measurements of dorsal setae as follows: j1 26 (25–28), j3 29 (28–30), j4 19 (18–20), j5 19 (18–20), j6 19 (18–20), J2 21 (20–23), J5 6 (5–7), z2 19 (18–20), z3 24 (23–25), z4 24 (23–25), z5 19 (18–20), Z4 46 (45–48), Z5 69 (68–70), s4 29 (28–30), s6 34 (33– 35), S2 34 (33–35), S4 39 (38–40), r3 29 (28–30), and R1 27 (26–28). Peritreme extending to level of between setae j1–j3, close to j1. Venter (Figure 12). Ventral setal pattern 15:JV:ZV. Sternal shield smooth, lightly sclerotised, with two pairs of setae (ST1 and ST2) and two pairs of pores (pst1 and pst2); length (ST1–ST2) 35 (36–38), width (distance between setae ST2) 56 (54–58). Sternal setae ST3 on separate platelets; metasternal setae ST4 and a pair of pores (pst3) on metasternal shields. Genital shield smooth; width at level of genital setae (ST5) 61 (60–63). Ventrianal shield pentagonal smooth, without pre-anal solenostomes, with four pairs of pre-anal setae (JV1, JV2, JV3, and ZV2), a pair of para-anal (Pa) and a post-anal setae (Pst), with muscle marks posterolaterally. Length of ventrianal shield 114 (113–115), width 102 (101–103). Setae JV4, JV5, ZV1, ZV3, and five pairs of pores on integument surrounding ventrianal shield. Setae JV5 smooth, much longer than other ventral setae, 54 (53–55) in length. Chelicera (Figure 13). Fixed digit 29 (28–30) long with four teeth and pilus dentilis; movable digit 29 (28–30) long with one tooth. Spermatheca (Figure 14). Calyx saccular 22 (21–23) in length, flaring distally; atrium incorporated with calyx; major duct broad. Legs (Figure 15). Length of legs (base of coxae to base of claws): leg I 318 (315–320); leg II 278 (276–280); leg III 256 (254–258); leg IV 358 (356–360). GeII, GeIII, and GeIV with seven, seven and seven setae, respectively. Macrosetae GeIV, TiIV, and StIV, 25 (24–26), 25 (24–26) and 51 (50–53) long, respectively. StIV knobbed apically. Male. Unknown Type material. Holotype female and two paratype females, Karaisali, Adana Province, on Salix babylonica (Salicaceae) 21 June 2015 (37°14'00"N, 35°00'47"E, 198 metres above sea level). Etymology. This species is named for Prof. Dr. Georgios Th. Papadoulis for his great contribution to the systematics of the family Phytoseiidae, and his encouragement to the senior author to study taxonomy of Phytoseiidae. Depository. The holotype female and two paratype females are deposited in the mite collection of the Acarology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey. Remarks. By having three pairs of solenostomes (absence of gd8) on the dorsal shield, four pairs of pre-anal setae on ventrianal shield and absence of pre-anal pores, this new species is similar to T. (T.) baccettii Lombardini, 1960, T. (T.) kykladiticus Papadoulis & Emmanouel, 1993, T. (T.) leclanti Kreiter et al., 2016, T. (T.) phylaktioticus Papadoulis & Emmanouel, 1990, T. (T.) pyri Scheuten, 1857 and T. (T.) tubifer Wainstein, 1961. Differences between Typhlodromus (T.) papadoulisi and related species are given in Table 3. It should also be noted that this new species appears close to T. (T.) phialatus Athias-Henriot, 1960 which is known for the Turkish fauna (Döker et al., 2014). However, T. (T.) phialatus bears four pairs of solenostomes on the dorsal shield while the new species has three pairs. In T. (T.) phialatus, the atrium of the spermatheca is not incorporated with the calyx, the atrium small knobbed, there is only one macrosetae on leg IV, Z5 (54) and StIV (38), and only two apical teeth on the fixed digit of the chelicera (Chant & Yoshida-Shaul 1987; Papadoulis et al. 2009). In contrast to T. (T.) phialatus, in the new species, the atrium of the spermatheca is incorporated with the calyx, and there are three macrosetae on leg IV, Z5 (69) and StIV (51) and four teeth on the fixed digit of the chelicera. phylaktioticus e pyri f tubifer g a from three specimens, b from Chant & Yoshida-Shaul, 1987, c from Papadoulis & Emmanouel, 1993, d from Tixier et al., 2016, e from Papadoulis & Emmanouel, 1990, f; g from Chant & Yoshida-Shaul, 1987.Published as part of Döker, İsmail, Kazak, Cengiz & Karut, Kamil, 2017, Three new species of the family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from Turkey, pp. 565-576 in Zootaxa 4243 (3) on pages 571-574, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/40020
Elective surgery system strengthening: development, measurement, and validation of the surgical preparedness index across 1632 hospitals in 119 countries
Get PDFBackground:
The 2015 Lancet Commission on global surgery identified surgery and anaesthesia as indispensable parts of holistic health-care systems. However, COVID-19 exposed the fragility of planned surgical services around the world, which have also been neglected in pandemic recovery planning. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel index to support local elective surgical system strengthening and address growing backlogs.
Methods:
First, we performed an international consultation through a four-stage consensus process to develop a multidomain index for hospital-level assessment (surgical preparedness index; SPI). Second, we measured surgical preparedness across a global network of hospitals in high-income countries (HICs), middle-income countries (MICs), and low-income countries (LICs) to explore the distribution of the SPI at national, subnational, and hospital levels. Finally, using COVID-19 as an example of an external system shock, we compared hospitals' SPI to their planned surgical volume ratio (SVR; ie, operations for which the decision for surgery was made before hospital admission), calculated as the ratio of the observed surgical volume over a 1-month assessment period between June 6 and Aug 5, 2021, against the expected surgical volume based on hospital administrative data from the same period in 2019 (ie, a pre-pandemic baseline). A linear mixed-effects regression model was used to determine the effect of increasing SPI score.
Findings:
In the first phase, from a longlist of 103 candidate indicators, 23 were prioritised as core indicators of elective surgical system preparedness by 69 clinicians (23 [33%] women; 46 [67%] men; 41 from HICs, 22 from MICs, and six from LICs) from 32 countries. The multidomain SPI included 11 indicators on facilities and consumables, two on staffing, two on prioritisation, and eight on systems. Hospitals were scored from 23 (least prepared) to 115 points (most prepared). In the second phase, surgical preparedness was measured in 1632 hospitals by 4714 clinicians from 119 countries. 745 (45·6%) of 1632 hospitals were in MICs or LICs. The mean SPI score was 84·5 (95% CI 84·1–84·9), which varied between HIC (88·5 [89·0–88·0]), MIC (81·8 [82·5–81·1]), and LIC (66·8 [64·9–68·7]) settings. In the third phase, 1217 (74·6%) hospitals did not maintain their expected SVR during the COVID-19 pandemic, of which 625 (51·4%) were from HIC, 538 (44·2%) from MIC, and 54 (4·4%) from LIC settings. In the mixed-effects model, a 10-point increase in SPI corresponded to a 3·6% (95% CI 3·0–4·1; p<0·0001) increase in SVR. This was consistent in HIC (4·8% [4·1–5·5]; p<0·0001), MIC (2·8 [2·0–3·7]; p<0·0001), and LIC (3·8 [1·3–6·7%]; p<0·0001) settings.
InterpBackground
The 2015 Lancet Commission on global surgery identified surgery and anaesthesia as indispensable parts of holistic health-care systems. However, COVID-19 exposed the fragility of planned surgical services around the world, which have also been neglected in pandemic recovery planning. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel index to support local elective surgical system strengthening and address growing backlogs.
Methods:
First, we performed an international consultation through a four-stage consensus process to develop a multidomain index for hospital-level assessment (surgical preparedness index; SPI). Second, we measured surgical preparedness across a global network of hospitals in high-income countries (HICs), middle-income countries (MICs), and low-income countries (LICs) to explore the distribution of the SPI at national, subnational, and hospital levels. Finally, using COVID-19 as an example of an external system shock, we compared hospitals' SPI to their planned surgical volume ratio (SVR; ie, operations for which the decision for surgery was made before hospital admission), calculated as the ratio of the observed surgical volume over a 1-month assessment period between June 6 and Aug 5, 2021, against the expected surgical volume based on hospital administrative data from the same period in 2019 (ie, a pre-pandemic baseline). A linear mixed-effects regression model was used to determine the effect of increasing SPI score.
Findings:
In the first phase, from a longlist of 103 candidate indicators, 23 were prioritised as core indicators of elective surgical system preparedness by 69 clinicians (23 [33%] women; 46 [67%] men; 41 from HICs, 22 from MICs, and six from LICs) from 32 countries. The multidomain SPI included 11 indicators on facilities and consumables, two on staffing, two on prioritisation, and eight on systems. Hospitals were scored from 23 (least prepared) to 115 points (most prepared). In the second phase, surgical preparedness was measured in 1632 hospitals by 4714 clinicians from 119 countries. 745 (45·6%) of 1632 hospitals were in MICs or LICs. The mean SPI score was 84·5 (95% CI 84·1–84·9), which varied between HIC (88·5 [89·0–88·0]), MIC (81·8 [82·5–81·1]), and LIC (66·8 [64·9–68·7]) settings. In the third phase, 1217 (74·6%) hospitals did not maintain their expected SVR during the COVID-19 pandemic, of which 625 (51·4%) were from HIC, 538 (44·2%) from MIC, and 54 (4·4%) from LIC settings. In the mixed-effects model, a 10-point increase in SPI corresponded to a 3·6% (95% CI 3·0–4·1; p<0·0001) increase in SVR. This was consistent in HIC (4·8% [4·1–5·5]; p<0·0001), MIC (2·8 [2·0–3·7]; p<0·0001), and LIC (3·8 [1·3–6·7%]; p<0·0001) settings.
Interpretation:
The SPI contains 23 indicators that are globally applicable, relevant across different system stressors, vary at a subnational level, and are collectable by front-line teams. In the case study of COVID-19, a higher SPI was associated with an increased planned surgical volume ratio independent of country income status, COVID-19 burden, and hospital type. Hospitals should perform annual self-assessment of their surgical preparedness to identify areas that can be improved, create resilience in local surgical systems, and upscale capacity to address elective surgery backlogs.retation
The SPI contains 23 indicators that are globally applicable, relevant across different system stressors, vary at a subnational level, and are collectable by front-line teams. In the case study of COVID-19, a higher SPI was associated with an increased planned surgical volume ratio independent of country income status, COVID-19 burden, and hospital type. Hospitals should perform annual self-assessment of their surgical preparedness to identify areas that can be improved, create resilience in local surgical systems, and upscale capacity to address elective surgery backlogs
