198,980 research outputs found
Goal−directed Weakening of Abstract Interpretation Results
No full textOne proposal for automatic construction of proofs about programs is to combine Hoare logic and abstract interpretation. Constructing proofs is in Hoare logic. Discovering programs' invariants is done by abstract interpreters. One problem of this approach is that abstract interpreters often compute invariants that are not needed for the proof goal. The reason is that the abstract interpreter does not know what the proof goal is, so it simply tries to find as strong invariants as possible. These unnecessary invariants increase the size of the constructed proofs. Unless the proof-construction phase is notified which invariants are not needed, it blindly proves all the computed invariants. In this article, we present a framework for designing algorithms, called abstract-value slicers, that slice out unnecessary invariants from the results of forward abstract interpretation. The framework provides a generic abstract-value slicer that can be instantiated into a slicer for a particular abstract interpretation. Such an instantiated abstract-value slicer works as a postprocessor to an abstract interpretation in the whole proof-construction process, and notifies to the next proof-construction phase which invariants it does not have to prove. Using the framework, we designed an abstract-value slicer for an existing relational analysis and applied it on programs. In this experiment, the slicer identified 62%-81% of the computed invariants as unnecessary, and resulted in 52%-84% reduction in the size of constructed proofs.S. Seo and T. Han were supported by Korea Ministry of Information and Communication under the Information Technology Research Center support program, supervised by the Institute of Information Technology Assessment (IITA-2005-C1090-0502-0031). H. Yang was supported by EPSRC and the Basic Research Program of the Korea-Science & Engineering Foundation (grant No. R08-2003-000-10370-0). K. Yi was supported by Brain Korea 21 Project of Korea Ministry of Education and Human Resources, by IT Leading R&D Support Project of Korea Ministry of Information and Communication, by Korea Research Foundation grant KRF-2003-041-D00528, and by National Security Research Institute of Korea.
DIETARY CONDITIONS AND DIFFERENTIAL ACCESS TO FOOD RESOURCES AMONG THE VARIOUS CLASSES DURING THE HAN PERIOD
Get PDFIn this thesis, I study how food resources and dietary conditions were determined by social and economic status during the Han period in China, B.C. 206~A.D.220. Even though earlier scholars have published research concerning the Chinese food culture of this period, these studies were limited in that they only illustrated the dietary culture of the upper class or the available food resources in one geographic area. Also, without any persuasive data, it has been assumed by these earlier scholars that there were big differences in food resources and food consumption between the upper and lower classes. In this thesis, for comparison among the classes, I divide the social and economic classes into five stratified groups: nobles, officials, peasants, soldiers and convicts. After a brief introduction of the nature of each social class, I examine the food resources and nutritional condition of each group using information such as the wealth and income of each group, the market price of food resources, the agricultural products of peasants, and the amount of food distribution to soldiers and convicts. I found these data from archaeological remains, received historical records and pictorial data, and excavated texts. This research shows a broader view of Chinese dietary condition focusing not only on the variety of food resources of nobles, but also on the different food accessibilities among the officials, and the food deficiencies of peasants. It also deals with the situations of food supply for soldiers and convicts in an effort to reveal the true dietary consumption and nutritional conditions for all Chinese. This research proves that the various classes during the Han period in China had different food resources and dietary conditions
Yi-Chieh Yang Flute Recital Program Notes
No full textThis report is the program notes of Yi-Chieh Yang\ue2s Flute Recital on May 13, 2021. The repertoire of the recital includes several works of different styles: the Classical music style, the Romantic music style, and the Neoclassical music style. All the works are important flute repertoire.
This recital program includes: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart\ue2s Flute Quartet in D Major, K. 285, Jules Demersseman\ue2s Italian Concerto in F Major, Op. 82, and Sergei Prokofiev\ue2s Sonata in D Major for Flute and Piano, Op. 94. The program notes, which show the musical styles of the composers and the background of these masterpieces, were written to enhance the performer\ue2s appreciation of the compositions
Fan Wenzheng gong po yang yi shi lu
No full text卷一至二. 奏議 -- 卷三. 狀 -- 子 -- 卷四. 表 -- 卷五. 賦 -- 卷六至七. 詩 -- 詩餘 -- 卷八. 序 -- 記 -- 易義 -- 說 -- 論 -- 贊 -- 頌 -- 述 -- 卷九. 書 -- 啟 -- 卷十. 尺牘 -- 家書 -- 卷十一. 祭文 -- 碑銘 -- 墓誌銘 -- 卷十二. 墓誌銘 -- 墓表 -- 書碑陰 -- 附錄: 范文正公年譜序.Juan yi zhi er. Zou yi -- juan san. Zhuang -- Zi -- juan si. Biao -- juan wu. Fu -- juan liu zhi qi. Shi -- Shi yu -- juan ba. Xu -- Ji -- Yi yi -- Shuo -- Lun -- Zan -- Song -- Shu -- juan jiu. Shu -- Qi -- juan shi. Chi du -- Jia shu -- juan shi yi. Ji wen -- Bei ming -- Mu zhi ming -- juan shi er. Mu zhi ming -- Mu biao -- Shu bei yin -- fu lu: Fan Wenzheng gong nian pu xu.毛一鷺彙編.綫裝, 1函.框21.5x15公分, 9行20字, 小字雙行同. 白口, 四周單邊, 無魚尾. 版心上鐫題名, 中鐫卷次, 下鐫葉次及字數.毛序後鐫"天啟二年[1622]冬華亭縣學門人唐造國謹百拜書"見《香港中文大學圖書館古藉善本書錄》(2001, p. 223)前附: 范文正公鄱陽遺事錄 / 毛一鷺彙編.鈐有"北海狂士合清齋主人之印", "京兆禎夫", "禹山人", "隨齋", "大觀樓藏書", "蕭艾室藏"印.Xian zhuang, 1 han.Kuang 21.5 x 15 gong fen, 9 hang 20 zi, xiao zi shuang hang tong. Bai kou, si zhou dan bian, wu yu wei. Ban xin shang juan ti ming, zhong juan juan ci, xia juan ye ci ji zi shu.Mao xu hou juan "Tian qi er nian [1622] dong Huating Xian xue men ren Tang Zaoguo jin bai bai shu"Jian "Xianggang Zhong wen da xue tu shu guan gu ji shan ben shu lu" (2001, p. 223)Mao Yilu hui bian.Qian fu: Fan Wenzheng gong po yang yi shi lu / Mao Yilu hui bian.Qian you "Beihaikuangshi He qing zhai zhu ren zhi yin", "Jing zhao zhen fu", "Yu shan ren", "Sui zhai", "Da guan lou cang shu", "Xiao Ai shi cang" yin
Yang yi ya yan dan yao ji fang
No full text許克昌, 畢法同輯.綫裝.框18.3x12.7公分, 10行22字. 白口, 左右雙邊, 單黑魚尾. 版心上鐫題名, 中鐫卷次及小題, 下鐫葉次.同治丁卯[1867]易崇堦"重刻外科證治弁言"詳言刻書事.《中國中醫古籍總目》09418著錄.卷末附刻: 全生集醫案 / 王洪緖 -- 瘍醫雅言丹藥集方 / 曹畸菴.鈐"莊兆祥印", "莊兆祥".Xian zhuang.Kuang 18.3 x 12.7 gong fen, 10 hang 22 zi. Bai kou, zuo you shuang bian, dan hei yu wei. Ban xin shang juan ti ming, zhong juan juan ci ji xiao ti, xia juan ye ci.Detailed notes in vernacular field only.Detailed notes in vernacular field only.Xu Kechang, Bi Fa tong ji.Juan mo fu ke: Quan sheng ji yi an / Wang Hongxu -- Yang yi ya yan dan yao ji fang / Cao Jian.Qian "Zhuang Zhaoxiang yin", "Zhuang Zhaoxiang"
Solvothermal Preparation and Spectroscopic Characterization of Copper Indium Diselenide Nanorods
No full textUprooted: A conversation with Artist Yang Yi
No full textChinese photo artist Yang Yi was born in a small town by the Yangtze
River. His Uprooted series made in 2007 foreshadowed the inundation of
his hometown due to the construction of Three Gorges Project and the
loss and preservation of memories. For Yang Yi, the Three Gorges
Project not only inundated the physical space, but affected all of life
and disrupted a long history and tradition of his hometown. Yang
Yi has participated in many solo and group exhibitions in China and
abroad. In 2010, he was selected to be one of that year’s PDN 30 New
and Emerging Photographers to Watch
The immune-modulatory effects of a mixed herbal formula on dendritic cells and CD4(+) T lymphocytes in the treatment of dust mite allergy asthma and perennial allergic rhinitis
No full textObjective: Asthma and allergic rhinitis are chronic inflammatory diseases of the conducting nasal airway. Traditional Chinese medicine has long been used for supplemental therapy of allergic diseases, especially asthma and allergic rhinitis. We previously reported the effects of a mixed herbal formula in patients with allergic rhinitis. However, the immune-modulatory mechanism underlying the effects of herbal medicine for the treatment of allergic diseases remains unclear. Methods: We investigated the physiologic changes in dendritic cell (DC) and CD4(+) T cell activity in patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis who were treated with a mixed herbal formula composed of Xin-yi-san+Xiao-qing-long-tang+Xiang-sha-liu- jun-zi-tang. Specifically, we set up in vitro autologous or heterologous co-culture experiments between DCs and CD4(+) T cells, and used flow cytometry and ELISA to analyze the expression of surface molecules on DCs and the release of cytokines by CD4(+) T cells. Results: Expression of HLA-DR on DCs was suppressed following treatment with the mixed herbal formula. Surface expression of CD40, CD54 and CD86 on DCs was also attenuated after treatment. In autologous co-cultures, CD4(+) T cells increased their IL-10 production while decreasing TNF- production. In heterologous co-cultures, IL-10 secretion by T cells was enhanced, while IL-12, IL-4, IL-5 and TNF- secretion were reduced. Conclusion: Our mixed herbal formula attenuated the allergic reaction by modifying the physiologic function of the DC-CD4(+) T cell interaction. Further investigations are necessary to understand the mechanism of immune modification mediated by the mixed herbal formula
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