7,658 research outputs found
(25(2):85-92)STUDIES ON THE REACTION OF LONG-GRAIN INDICA RICE TO COLD TOLERANCE AT DIFFERENT SEEDLING STAGES
No full text本研究目的為探求長粒型秈稻不同苗齡、不同溫度間耐寒性之反應，及品種之耐寒性檢定，以提供耐寒性育種親本以及耐寒性育種檢定之採用方法。
一、不同苗齡耐寒性之反應
8個品種，苗齡分為2葉、3葉、4葉、5葉、6葉等不同苗齡，採用冷水槽法，將供試品種分批播種於60×30×5cm之平盤，待秧苗長至各處理苗齡時，置放於10℃之冷水槽中，根據調查結果，品種間之反應雖不大一致，但仍顯示3葉苗齡以及5葉、6葉苗齡其反應較為敏感。
二、不同溫度與苗齡之感應
供試品種及播種方法與第一試驗相同，溫度分為6℃、8℃、10℃、12℃、14℃等5個不同處理，在幼苗長至3葉及5葉時分次置放於各處理中，結果顯示各不同溫度中苗齡之感應可分為10℃以內及12℃以上之不同感應性，即10℃以內者在級數上略高，12℃以上者約差0.5~1.0級，由此可知檢定用溫度以10℃較為適當。
三、品種耐寒性檢定
由IRRI引進122品種及本省新育成長粒型秈稻品系166個，播種於60×30×5cm平盤內，待幼苗長至3葉時置放於10℃之冷水槽內，調查其耐寒性。供試288品種（系）中，屬1級抗者只有12品種，2級者31品種（系）,3級者54品種（系），4級者最多，達138品種（系），5級者53品種（系）；在新育成長粒型166個品系中只有2個品系屬於2級抗者，由此可見今後對長粒型秈稻之耐寒性育種必須加強。
The purpose of this study was screening rice varieties as the same variety at the different seedling stage to cold tolerance, for selecting the tolerant cultivars as breeding materials and also developing a method for cold tolerance screening test.
1. Reaction at different seedling stage to cold tolerance eight varieties of 2, 3, 4, 5 and
6-leaf seedling stage of rice cultivars were tested. The seedlings were grown in 60 cm × 30 cm × 5 cm flat tray, then the seedlings were placed in the cold tank with 10°C water . Although the results revealed that the reaction among the different vaneties was not always correlated, however, it showed that at 5 and 6-leaf seedling stage was more sensitive.
2. Different seedling stage response at different temperature. The varieties tested and the sowing method were similarly as in experiment 1. The temperature was held at 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 °C, individually. When the seedlings were at 3 and 5-leaf stage they were placed in the different temperature tank. The results showed that the response could be divided into below 10°C and above 12°C. When the temperature below 10°C, the criteria was higher, but above 12°C the criteria was lower about 0.5-1.0. Therefore, the temperature for screening was more reliable at 10 °C.
3. Screening for cold tolerance in rice varieties, 122 varieties introduced from IRRI and 116 newly developed lines of long-grain indica rice from Taiwan were sowing in 60cm × 30cm × 5cm flat tray. At the 3-leaf stage, they were placed in cold tank with
10 °C water. Among the 288 varieties (lines) tested, the reaction of criteria 1 was
12 varieties, 2 was 30 varieties(lines), 3 was 52 varieties (lines), 4 was 137 varieties (lines), and 5 was 52 varieties (lines). On the other hand, among the 116 newly developed lines of long-grain indica rice from Taiwan only 2 lines belonged to criteria
2. It is therefore, the breeding for cold tolerance of long-grain indica rice must be intensified
(37(2):105-116)Development of Rice Variety Tainung 70
No full text臺農70號係以臺農57號為母本與嘉農系比662028雜交而育成。本品種具有高產良質及抗多種病蟲害之特性。株高一期作106.1公分，二期作115.8公分比臺農67號稍高；穗數一期作16.7支，二期作14.4支；全生育日數一期作140天，二期作109天；稻穀產量根據全省區域試驗7個地區平均一期作為6,230公斤，二期作為5,685公斤，較對照品種臺農67號增產0.1～7.3％；糙米率一期82.1％，二期作81.4％。
本品種穗大且稈莖強度稍差，因此在成熟時易傾斜而倒伏。本品種適應性廣，適於中南部第二期作褐飛蝨（Nilaparata lugens stal）易發生地區栽值。臺農70號雖對稻熱病具有抗性，但76年一期作在中南部地區曾發生部份稻熱病為害情形，推測因栽培面積急增，為害該品種之生理小種頻度增強所造成。
Rice variety Tainung 70 was a selection from the progensis of a cross between Tainung 67 and Chia-nung-sipi 66028, having a high-yield potential, good quality and resistance to major diseases and insect pests. Its average plant height was 106.1 cm in the first crop and 115.8 cm in the second crop, slightly higher than those of Tainung 67. The panicle number was 16.7 in the first crop and 14.4 in the second crop in average, and the total growing duration was 140 and 109 days in the first and second crop, respectively. The average yield of Tainung 70 in the seven regional yield tests was 6,230 kg /ha in the first crop and 5,685 kg/ha in the second crop, outyielded the control variety Tainung 67 by 0.1%-7.3%. The percentage of brown rice was 82.1% and 81.4 % in the first and second crop, respectively.
Due to its bigger panicle and less stiffness of the stem, Tainung 70 was slightly apt to lodging at maturity. It is suitable to be grown in the brown planthopper (Nilaparatalugens stat) prevailing area in the second crop. This variety was resistant to the blast disease at release in 1985, however, its first crop of 1987 in central and southern parts of the island was considerably damaged by the disease. It may be due to the rapid expansion of its cultivated area that caused the build-up of virulent races of the pathogen against Tainung 70
(31(2):103-107)Studies on the Relationship between Seedling Tolerance to Low Temperature and Glabrous Hull in long-grain Indica Rice
No full text為明瞭長粒型秈稻苗期之耐寒性與稻穀粒光滑性間之相關，以利選拔耐寒而容重量大的品種，於民國69 年第1、2期作在嘉義農業試驗分所進行本試驗，得下列初步結果：
（一）秈稻品種之苗期耐寒性為數量性狀，其遺傳力有27.6 至87.4%之高，顯示在早期分離世代進行此性狀之選拔有效。
（二）稻穀粒光滑性之分離多符台1 : 3 之理論值。
（三）獨立性測驗結果顯示苗期耐寒性與穀粒光滑性係屬兩個獨立分離之性狀，表示在其雜種後代中選育苗期耐寒性強而穀粒又光滑之新品種頗有可能。This experiment was conducted in the first and second crops of 1980 at the chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station. The objective of this study was to make clear the relationship between cold tolerance of seedling and smoothness of grains in long-grain indica rice in order to improve the breeding efficiency. Preliminary results indicated that the genetics of cold tolerance of seedling was complex. However, the heritability estimates in the broad sense were high, ranging from 27.6% to 87.4%, suggesting that selection for this character in the early generation would be effective. As expected, the segregation of glabrous and normal grains agreed, in most cases, satisfactorily with the theoretical ratio of 1:3. The test of independence revealed that both characters segregated independently, indicating that combining seedling tolerance to low temperature with glabrous hull in the improved plant type appears feasible
918(2):10-25)STUDIES ON THE TECHNIQUES OF SHORTENING THE GROWING PERIOD OF RICE
No full text(1)本試驗為應用世代促進方法縮短水稻之生長日數，使原來育種法之年二世代增至三世代以縮短育種年限，加速新品種之育成為目的。
(2)試驗方法分為室外直播法及溫室內短日處理及不處理即（自然日長區）等三處理，採用30×60×5cm之播種盤，經二次播種第一次播種室外直播與溫室內短日處理及自然日長區等均獲如期之結果，第二次播種因冬季寒冷室外直播區生長缺佳，在預定時期內不抽穗之外，室內者亦有二品種不抽穗，但其他各品種（系）均能如期抽穗。
(3)以品種而言，早熟品種及早熟品種什交後代品系中晚熟品種縮短效果大，如以中晚熟品種臺中65號為例，其在第一次播種生長日數為106天，第二次播種129天，第三次播種估計110天，合計345天，年得三世代尚屬可能，而早熟品種即更易達到。
(4)各處理間（室外直播與溫室內短日處理及自然日長區）僅以中晚熟品種在室外直播區者出穗稍遲外，其餘品種在各處理間生育日數之差異並不大。
(5)抑制生長提早抽穗是本試驗之目的，株高、穗數、每穗粒數、葉數等受到抑制，因此均較一般普通栽培者為少。
(6)本省中晚熟水稻品種，其感光性均不敏感，屬基本營養生長型，短日處理區與溫室內盤播自然日長區抑制栽培者，生育日數並無多大差異。
1. This experiment was designed to explore the possiblity of growing three generations of rice a year instead of ordinary two generations a year in order to shorten years needed in developing a new rice vairety.
2. The experiment had three treatments, i.e. (1) direct seeding in the nursery bed, (2) sowing in the shallowflat of 30×60×5cm in size grown inside the greenhouse with and (3) without short day treatment. Normal heading for all test varieties were obtained in all treatments except for the winter planting of the (1) treatment.
3. It was found that the growing period of the early maturing varieties was more easily shortened than that of the late maturing varieties. Taichung 65, for example, had the growing period of 106 days in the first planting, 129 days in the second one, and 110 days expected for the third one indicating that it is possible to harvest three crops of Taichung 65 within 345 days.
4. Varietal differences among treatments in growing period were not great except of the treatment 1 where late maturing varieties showed delayed heading.
5. All treatments showed decreased performance in agronomical traits indicating that the amount of growth was not sufficient.
6. No significant difference in growing period of rice varieties was observed between short day and normal day length treatment indicating that ponlai (Japonica) varieties were not responsive to short day treatment
(14(2):49-53)EXPEPIMINT ON THE TIMING OF UREA APPLICATION IN RICE
No full text1.尿素肥料分施較硫酸錏肥料可提高產量。
2.水稻尿素分施次數，第一期作以3次，二期作2~3次。
3.尿素用作基肥與追肥不影響肥效，但分施量以後期較少為安全。
4.尿素施肥次數與時期頗有關係，在第一期作以處理6，第二期作以處理5為佳。
An investigation was carried out in both crops of 1964 at Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station to evaluate the effect of the timing of urea application on rice. The rice variety Chianung 242 was subjected to the following treatments:
A. Ammonium sulfate. 1/2 applied as a basal dressing, and the balance as a top-dressing at 30 days (1st. crop) and 20 days (2nd crop) after transplanting. (check).
B. Urea. 1/2 applied as a basal dressing, and the balance as a top dressing at 50 days (1st. crop) and 40 days (2nd. crop) after transplanting.
C. Urea. 1/2 applied as a basal dressing, and the balance as a top dressing at 60 days (1st. crop) and 45 days (2nd. crop) after transplanting.
D. Urea. 1/5 applied as a basal dressing, 2/5 as first top-dressing at 30 days (1st. crop) and 20 days (2nd. crop), and 2/5 as second top-dressing at 50 days (1st. crop) and 45 days (2nd. crop) after transplanting.
E. Urea. 1/2 applied as first top-dressing at 7 days after transplanting, and the balance as second top-dressing at 30 days (1st. crop) and 25 days (2nd. crop) after transplanting.
F. Urea. 1/2 applied as first top-dressing at 7 days after transplanting, 1/4 as second top-dressing applied at 30 days (1st. crop) and 20 days (2nd. crop), and the remaining 1/4 as third top-dressing at 60 days (1st. crop) and 45 days (2nd. crop) after transpiating.
The total amount of fertilizers used in this experiment was 80, 40, 40, and 100, 50, 50, kg per hectare for N, P, K, at first and second crops, respectively. The plot was 4×2.5 m in size which was equal to 10 m2 or 1/1,000 hectare. Approximately 5 seedlings were transplanted in each hill. The distance between rows was 25 cm while that of hills was 20 cm. The experiment was arranged in randomized blocks with 8 replications. Some important findings are summerized below:
1. When split-applicated, urea could produce bettey yield than ammonium sulfate, the main source of nitrogen fertilizer in Taiwan.
2. Urea fertilizer splitted 3 times in the first crop and 2 to 3 times in the second crop gave the most astisfactory results.
3. Urea fertilizer used either as a basal dressing or top-dressing appeared to be equally effective. However, heavier dosage at the later top-dressing seemed more profitable.
4. There was a close association between the times and the time of urea application. Treatment F in the first crop and treatment E in the second crop produced the highest yield due presumably to applying urea at the critical stages of rice growth namely, the panicle primordia differentiation in the former, and the maximum tillering in the latter
(19(4):11-17)VARIABILITY OF SOME AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN THE F3 POPULATIONS GROWN BY
No full text本試驗係將台中在來1號 × CP231、嘉農242號 × IRP-60與C223 × Piro4等三種雜交組合之F2集團分別以世代促進法及一般慣行法繁殖，所得F3集團則一方面再以世代促進法及慣行法分別在室內及田間栽培，另一方面則將此兩種來源不同之F3集團同時按慣行法在田間栽培，以觀察其主要農藝性狀如生育日數、株高、穗長、一穗粒數，每株穗數及每株谷重之變異性。
以世代促進法栽培之F3集團，因受空間及養料之限制，致其主要農藝性狀之平均值均較以慣行法栽培者為小，而生育日數受世代促進法栽培條件之影響顯然較其他性狀為輕。兩種來源不同之F3集團同時以一般慣行法在田間栽培時，兩者之生有日數頗為相似，惟來自世代促進法之F3集團，其平均株高似較來自慣行法者為小，而前者之平均每株穗數及每株谷重則較後者為大。
主要農藝性狀之變方及變異係數，以世代促進法栽培之F3集團與以慣行法栽培者，雖因雜交組合之不同而有大小之別，但兩者之間差異不大，兩種來源不同之F3集團以慣行法栽培時，來自世代兄進法者其有關性狀之變方及變異係數在台中在來1號 × CP231什交組合均較來自慣行法者為小，而在嘉農242號 × IRP-60則均較來自慣行法者為大，C223 × Piro4則因性狀而不同，惟來源不同之F3集團間之差異不大，由此可知水稻雜種集團若以世代促進法繁殖時，亦可保持該集團內有關性狀之正常變異性。
F2 generation of the crosses, Taichung native 1 × CP 231, Chiangung 424 × IR 9-60, and C 223 × Pi No.4 were raised by Both “Generation Acceleration Method” and conventional one, and F3 populations were continuously grown by the sane method as their respective F3 populations. At the same tine, F3 populations derived from different methods were grown together in the field by the conventional method. The general performance as well as variability of some agronomic characters in the above mentioned F3 populations were investigated.
The growing conditions of the “Generation Acceleration Method” greatly reduced the means of all characters except that of heading date when compared with those grown by the conventional method. When two F3 populations of different origin were grown together in the field, they appeared to have similar heading date but the plants from the “Generation Acceleration Method” were slightly shorter with more panicles per hill and heavier grain weight per hill in comparison with those of from conventional method.
Variance and coefficient of variation for agronomic traits differed slightly with growing conditions. For example, variance associated with heading date in the F3 populations grown by “Generation Acceleration Method” was considerably greater than those of conventional method. When two F3 populations of different origin were grown together in the field, it was observed that in the cross of Taichung native 1 × CP 231, variance and coefficient of variation of agronomic traits were larger in the F3 population derived from “Generation Acceleration Method” than those from the conventional method, whereas in the cross of Chianung 242 × IR 9-60, the opposite situation prevailed. In the cross of C 223 × Pi No. 4, however, F3 population of “Generation Acceleration Method” had smaller variance and coefficient of variance and coefficient of variation in heading date and plant height but had larger variance and coefficient of variation in number of panicles per hill and weight of grains per hill than F3 population from conventional method. The difference in variance and coefficient of variance between two F3 populations of differ rent origin was generally small, indicating that hybrid population treated with “Generation Acceleration Method” may have the same variability for the agronomic traits as that handled by the conventional method
(21(4):215-220)EFFECT OF MAGYPSUM UREA ON RICE
No full text1. 本試驗為測定尿素石膏鎂肥料對水稻之效果，採用隨機區組設計，三種肥料（尿素石膏鎂、硫酸錏、尿素）三種肥料量（80公斤、120公斤、160公斤）計得九處理，加對照區共十處理，重複六次，小區面積2.5m×4m=10m2，合 公頃。
2. 根據試驗分析結果，不同肥料處理問之差異達極顯著水準。產量最高者為尿素石膏鎂160公斤，次為硫酸錏160公斤，尿素列第三。又肥料種類問之差異亦極顯著。
3. 由產量構成因素資料分析，在各處理中可發現穗數為產量增加最大之原因。
4. 初步試驗結果顯示尿素石膏鎂為一高度有效之稻田肥料。
1. This experiment was conducted in both crops of 1970 at the Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station to evaluate the effect of Magypsum urea on the growth of rice. The variables included 3 types of fertilizer (Magypsum urea, Ammonium sulfate, and urea) and 3 doses of fertilizer (80, 120, and 160 kg per ha) with a total of 9 treatments which was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 6 replications. The plot size was 2.5 × 4m which was equivalent to ha.
2. It was observed that difference among doses of fertilizer was significant at 1% level. Magypsum urea applied at 160 kg per ha afforded the highest yield, ammonium sulfate applied at 160 kg per ha came next, and urea applied at 160 kg per ha ranked third. Difference among types of fertilizer was also significant at the 1% level of probability.
3. From the data of yield components, it was noted that the number of panicles per hill was the major component that contributed to the yield increase.
4. The result of this experiment seems to indicate that magypsum urea is a highly effective fertilizer for paddy rice
(31(3):187-190)Effect of Grain Size and Shape on Volume Weight and Milling Recovery of Long-Grain Indica Rice
No full text為期明瞭長粒型秈稻之稻穀之形狀與容重量及碾米率間之相關，於民國68 年第1 期作及第2 期作在嘉義農業試驗分所進行本試驗並得下列初步結果：
（一）粒長、長寬比與容重量成負相關，而粒幅則與容重量成正相關，顯示穀粒較短而肥之長粒型秈稻，其容重量較大。
（二）粒長、粒幅與長寬比與糙米率成負相關，顯示穀粒較短而肥之長粒型秈稻，其碾糙率較高，穀粒形狀與白米率及完整米率間之相關較欠明顯，惟糙米率與白米車與完整米率之問成明顯之正相關，其相關係數多達顯著水準。
（三）容重量與糙米率、白米率及完整米率之問亦存有明顯之正相關，部份相關係數亦達顯著水準。顯示容重量較大之長粒型秈稻，其碾糙率、白米率及完整米率亦較高。
The effect of grain size on volume weight and milling recovery of long-grain indica rice was investigated at the Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station in the first and second crops 1979. Some findings are summarized as follows:
Grain length and length-width ratio were negatively correlated with volume weight while volume weight was positively associated with grain width. This indicates that shorter and bolder grains have larger volume weight.
Grain length and length-width ratio were also negatively associated with milling recovery of brown rice, suggesting that shorter and bolder grains give higher recovery of brown rice. The relationships between grain size and shape with milling rates of white and head rices were less clear. However, correlations between milling recoveries of brown rice and white as well as head rices were positive and mostly significant, indicating that high brown rice recovery will lead to high recoveries of white and head rices.
Volume weight was positively and significantly correlated with milling recoveries of brown, white and head rices, showing that long-grain Indica rices with large volume weight will lead to high milling recoveries of brown, white, and head rices
(32(4):379-382)Reaction of Rice Hybrid Lines to the Brown Planthopper at different Growing Stages
No full text在本分所選育中之水稻系統對褐飛蝨（Nilaparvata lugens stal ）之抵抗性，在幼苗期為抗性反應者至成熟期部份轉為感蟲。這種抗蟲性之轉變稉稻系統較和秈稻系統所佔比例為高。惟若干在幼苗期呈現中感程度之系統在成熟期卻有良好之抗蟲性、頗有利用之價值。由供試材料在不同生育時期之抗蟲性反應可知現行抗蟲性之篩選方法有加以檢討改進之必要。
Reaction of F3, F4 and F5 lines of rice to the brown planthopper at seedling and maturing stages were observed in the second crop of 1981 at Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station. Preliminary results revealed that some of the hybrid lines which were resistant at seedling stage became susceptible at maturity stage whereas some moderately susceptible lines at seedling stage appeared resistant when they were fully matured. The switch from resistance to susceptibility was more pronounced for Japonica lines than Indicas. From this observation, it was inferred that some lines might possess adult resistance which would be of potential importance in the future breeding program. Also, certain modifications on the current screening method might be required to further improve the efficiency of selection
- …
