1,720,965 research outputs found
Neighborhood Effect of Chinese Characters with Identical Semantic Radicals in Visual Recognition
No full text過去研究基於成分拆解處理取向，主張部首做為次字彙單元，其語義在單字辨識之前即被激發處理，並對單字語義與之一致的目標字辨識產生促進作用。然而，過去研究報告的部首次字彙效果，混淆了字彙層次的鄰群效果，故有必要釐清兩者以掌握部首訊息的心理表徵與運作歷程。本研究從鄰群角度出發，透過操弄部首相同字間的字形關係與字義關係，檢驗部首做為鄰項字間共有的形、義成分對單字辨識的影響，推論部首效果所對應的處理層次。本研究採用字彙判斷作業，實驗結果發現：（1）部首鄰項字的字形訊息對目標字辨識有干擾作用，但僅限於部首在相同位置的促發配對情況。此外，部首鄰項字的形似抑制效果受到單字頻率調控，高頻字比低頻字容易受到形似干擾。（2）部首鄰項字的語義訊息對目標字辨識有促進作用。義似促進效果受到單字頻率調控，低頻字比高頻字容易受到語義訊息幫助。（3）部首鄰項促發字對目標字造成的形似抑制效果，與義似促進效果，皆未因促發字與目標字共有相同部首而有重複處理的增益作用。並且，兩作用為加成性效果，顯示兩種訊息各自獨立運作後對目標字辨識產生整合性影響。（4）在單純字彙判斷作業，相較於語義鄰項少的情況，目標字與多數部首鄰項字有共通的語義訊息時，參與者有較快的辨識反應時間。（5）抑制型的鄰群密度效果，參與者對鄰項多的目標字有較長的辨識反應時間。但只顯現於低頻目標字情況。綜合所有實驗結果，本研究認為在單字辨識時，部首鄰項字也會被激發並影響著目標字的字彙處理，部首是以鄰群形式影響單字辨識。Underlying information processing approach, words are considered decomposed processing for recognition in which sublexical information play roles. For Chinese characters, researchers suggest that meanings of semantic radicals enhanced whole-character recognition while characters and semantic radicals share the same semantic representation (Chen & Weekes, 2004; Chen, Weekes, Peng, & Lei, 2006; Feldman & Siok, 1999a, 1999b). However, relative evidence in previous studies was confounded with neighborhood effect, and needs to be reinvestigated. Characters with an identical semantic radical are form similar to be orthographic neighbors. As a result, neighborhood characteristics should be taken into account considering recognition. This study discusses the possible role of semantic radicals through investigating neighborhood effect of form similar (with same semantic radicals) characters in lexical decision task. The main findings are: (1) an inhibitory priming effect was found in prime-target pairs that primes and targets had identical semantic radicals in same positions. And the orthographic inhibition effect was modulated by character frequency. (2) An additive effect of orthographic inhibition and semantic facilitation in radical-related prime-target pairs. Radically and semantically related primes would facilitate target recognition on one hand and inhibit on the other hand. (3) An inhibitory neighborhood density effect was found while target characters were lack of semantic facilitation from orthographic neighbors. (4) A facilitation effect was found while target characters had a large amount semantic neighbors compared to targets had few semantic neighbors. Results of this study did not provide evidence to support sublexical processing of semantic radicals especially to semantic processing in character recognition. Instead, our findings demonstrated a neighborhood effect of characters with identical semantic radicals
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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