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Experiment and Theory on the Nonlinear Vibration of a Shallow Arch under Harmonic Excitation at the End
No full textExperiment and Theory on the Nonlinear Vibration of a Shallow Arch under Harmonic Excitation at the End
No full textEffects of long-term application of different organic fertilizers on soil microbial community structure and chemical properties under greenhouse condition
No full text有機農業是對於環境友善，並達到自然資源永續利用，進而生產安全自然農產品的農業生產管理系統。近年來，隨著環保意識普及與食品安全問題受到重視，實行有機農法的風氣隨之漸盛。有機質肥料除能提供作物所需的養分外，亦可作為土壤生態系統的能量來源，以及具有改善土壤生物、理化性質的功能。然而，不同有機質肥料因其特性的差異，會對土壤造成不同的改變，因此，瞭解不同有機質肥料對土壤造成的影響，可以作為田間合理施肥的依據。本研究以長期施用不同有機質肥料為處理的溫室長期試驗田之作物栽培土壤為樣本，探討長期 (13年) 施用不同有機質肥料，對於土壤化學性質及生物特性之影響。處理分別為：牛糞堆肥 (CDC)、豬糞堆肥 (HDC)、雞糞堆肥 (CHC)、大豆粕 (SBM)、豌豆苗殘體堆肥 (PRC) 與輪施 (RA)。結果顯示，在本研究的六種處理中，長期施用豬糞堆肥之土壤有最高的土壤有機質、總磷、總鉀含量，亦在土壤呼吸作用、硝化作用等生物特性及各酵素活性上有最高的測值。反觀具最低有機質含量的大豆粕處理之土壤，其在各生物特性與酵素活性的測值亦是最低的，表示土壤生物活性與土壤有機質的累積含量有關。大豆粕有較高比例的易分解氮源，故於難分解的氮庫中的儲存量顯著少於其它處理。豬糞堆肥、雞糞堆肥與輪施處理則有較多穩定的磷形態，導致鹽酸萃取磷的濃度較高。不同有機質肥料對革蘭氏陽性菌、革蘭氏陰性菌、放線菌與真菌群落的比例改變有限，僅在放線菌對細菌的比值上有差異。然而，針對細菌及真菌的rRNA基因做分析，可知長期施用不同有機質肥料會對土壤細菌及真菌群落之菌種組成發生改變：雞糞堆肥與豬糞堆肥處理的細菌菌種組成與其他處理差異較大；真菌則為牛糞堆肥、大豆粕與豌豆苗殘體堆肥處理的菌種組成與其他處理較為不同。Organic farming is an eco-friendly and sustainably agricultural system. Recently, with consciousnesses of environmental protection and food safety, organic farming becomes popular cultivation practice. Organic fertilizers not only provide crops with nutrients, but also become an energy source of soil ecological system. However, different organic fertilizers affect soils differently. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of long-term application of different organic fertilizers on soil microbial community structure and chemical properties. Treatments include: cattle dung compost (CDC), hog dung compost (HDC), chicken dung compost (CHC), soybean meal (SBM), pea residue compost (PRC) and rotational application (RA). After cultivation for 13 years and 87 crops, the soils were sampled for analysis. The results showed that application of HDC increased the contents of soil organic matter, total phosphorus (P) and total potassium (K), and this treatment also had the highest rate of basal respiration, nitrification rate, and enzyme activities. On the other hand, application of SBM had the lowest contents of organic matter, enzyme activities, and the other biological indices. More nitrogen (N) in SBM are labile nitrogen compounds, therefore, the residue N in non-labile pool of soil with SBM treatment was significant less than other treatments. The contents of non-labile P in soils with treatments of HDC, CHC, and RA were greater than other treatments. Different organic fertilizers had no effect on soil microbial community structure. However, there was significant difference in actinomycete/bacteria ratio among treatments. Different organic fertilizers also resulted in significant difference in the composition in bacteria and fungi community, respectively. The bacteria community compositions of CHC and HDC treatments were different from other treatments. The results also showed that the fungi community composition of soils of HDC, SBM and PRC treatments were different from the other treatments
The study of fermented product of Monascus purpureus NTU 568 to ameliorate learning/memory impairment and Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology in J20 Alzheimer’s disease transgenic mice
No full textIn the recent research, it has been discovered that red mold rice has the potential to ameliorate the symptom of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), by the functional factor such as monacolin K, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), dimerumic acid, ankaflavin and monascin. Using dioscorea as substrate for Monascus purpureus fermentation, it can produce higher amount of functional ingredients, ankaflvin and monascin. In this study, we investigate the effect of red mold dioscorea (RMD) to ameliorate Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology. Using 4 month-old Alzheimer’s disease transgenic mice J20 feeding with RMD for two months, we found that J20 mice fed with RMD have better learning and memory ability then the control group in behavior test such as passive avoidance and Morris water maze. Analyzing the symptoms related to AD, we found that in the brain of J20 mice fed with RMD, there’s a significant decrease in the amount of Aβ1-40, 1-42 and enzyme activity of acetylcholinesterase. After confirming the effect of RMD in AD, we use positive control, rosiglitazone group as reference to investigate the mechanism of RMD to ameliorate AD. In decreasing p-tau level, activating the CD36 marker gene expression which related to microglia clearing Aβ, decreasing gene expression of γ-secretase, we found that RMD has the same effect as rosiglitazone, a PPARγ agonist. According to the previous research that pigments in RMD, monascin and ankaflavin, have the characteristic of PPARγ agonist combined with our results, we assumed that one of the mechanism of RMD to ameliorate AD may through monascin and ankaflavin, as PPAR γagonist rosiglitazone, activate PPARγ to effect it.目 錄
謝誌..........................................................I
縮寫表........................................................II
中文摘要......................................................IV
英文摘要.......................................................V
目錄..........................................................VI
表目錄......................................................VIII
圖目錄.........................................................IX
第壹章 文獻回顧..................................................1
ㄧ、阿茲海默症之文獻回顧...........................................1
(一) 阿茲海默症與失智症..........................................1
(二) 阿茲海默症形成機制..........................................2
(三) 阿茲海默症之治療藥物.........................................6
二、PPAR γ促效劑與阿茲海默症......................................10
(一) 調控類澱粉蛋白代謝..........................................11
(二) 調控能量代謝...............................................11
(三) 降低發炎反應...............................................13
(四) 調節血脂...................................................13
三、實驗餵食樣品..................................................14
(ㄧ) 紅麴山藥...................................................14
(二) 梵蒂亞.....................................................18
四、阿茲海默症基因轉殖鼠............................................19
第貳章 研究動機與目的..............................................23
第參章 材料與方法..................................................25
ㄧ、實驗材料......................................................25
二、實驗方法......................................................27
第肆章 結果與討論..................................................38
ㄧ、基因轉殖鼠基因型態鑑定...........................................38
二、餵食紅麴山藥、rosiglitazone八周後對J20小鼠記憶學習能力之影響.........38
三、餵食紅麴山藥、rosiglitazone八周後對J20小鼠體重之影響...............45
四、安全性試驗分析.................................................45
五、餵食紅麴山藥、rosiglitazone八周後對J20小鼠腦中類澱粉蛋白之影響.......48
六、餵食紅麴山藥、rosiglitazone八周後對J20小鼠腦中乙醯膽鹼酯酶活性之影響..54
七、餵食紅麴山藥、rosiglitazone八周後對J20小鼠腦中基因表現量之影響.57
八、餵食紅麴山藥、rosiglitazone八周後對J20小鼠腦中P-tau蛋白之影響.60
九、餵食紅麴山藥、rosiglitazone八周後對J20小鼠腦中的抗氧化能力之影響60
十、餵食紅麴山藥、rosiglitazone八周後對J20小鼠腦中細胞激素TNF-α 之影響69
第伍章 結論.......................................................74
第陸章 參考文獻....................................................7
Experiment and Theory on the Nonlinear Vibration of a Shallow Arch under Harmonic Excitation at the End
No full text本文以實驗方法與理論研究淺拱樑於端點聯結電磁激振器之非線性振動。在實驗方面，透過控制流經激振器之電流產生施加於激振器中央線圈的簡諧磁力，而此時端點受到簡諧力之拱形樑其端點運動卻不一定為簡諧運動，尤其是拱形樑之側向運動的振幅很大時。當激振頻率靠近第n個自然頻率時，本文中發現拱形樑外形之幾何瑕疵為能否激發出第n個模態的關鍵，並採用多尺度法分析以求得穩態響應振幅之解析解與幾何瑕疵之間的關係。此外，當激振頻率靠近第n個自然頻率之兩倍時，可同時存在兩個不同振幅之穩定穩態響應，且在此頻率附近將振動頻率由低頻調向高頻時，可觀察到由於穩定穩態解的不連續所造成之振幅躍增現象，對此案例而言，幾何瑕疵的影響非常小，而多尺度分析不僅僅預測出穩定與非穩定穩態解之振幅與相角，且預測出該振幅躍增現象的發生。In this paper we study, both theoretically and experimentally, the nonlinear vibration of a shallow arch with one end attached to an electro-mechanical shaker. In the experiment we generate harmonic magnetic force on the central core of the shaker by controlling the electric current flowing into the shaker. The end motion of the arch is in general not harmonic, especially when the amplitude of lateral vibration is large. In the case when the excitation frequency is close to the n-th natural frequency of the arch, we found that geometrical imperfection is the key for the n-th mode to be excited. Analytical formula relating the amplitude of the steady state response and the geometrical imperfection can be derived via a multiple scale analysis. In the case when the excitation frequency is close to two times of the n-th natural frequency two stable steady state responses can exist simultaneously. As a consequence jump phenomenon is observed when the excitation frequency sweeps upward. The effect of geometrical imperfection on the steady state response is minimal in this case. The multiple scale analysis not only predicts the amplitudes and phases of both the stable and unstable solutions, but also predicts analytically the frequency at which jump phenomenon occurs.封面Ⅰ
致謝Ⅱ
中文摘要Ⅲ
英文摘要Ⅳ
目錄Ⅴ
第一章 導論1
第二章 實驗設備4
第三章 運動方程式8
第四章 自然頻率與等效阻尼11
4.1 激振器-拱形樑結構之自然頻率11
4.2 等效阻尼之估計12
第五章 Coupling Resonance15
5.1 coupling resonance之實驗與討論15
5.2 coupling resonance之多尺度法分析16
第六章 Parametric Resonance24
6.1 parametric resonance之實驗與討論24
6.2 coupling resonance之多尺度法分析25
第七章 結論31
參考文獻33
附圖目錄3
Detection of Protein-Protein Interactions and Imaging MCF-7 Cells with (3-(2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl)phenyl)me- thanethiol-ConA Capped Gold Nanoparticles
No full text本論文的研究重點是利用化學修飾的方法將醣結合蛋白修飾於不同粒徑的金奈米粒子，探討及評估其應用於檢測蛋白質交互作用及乳癌細胞造影的可能性。利用具有光親和性配基 8 的甘露糖分子與白鳳豆凝集素有專一性結合能力，將光親和性配基 8 帶到白鳳豆集素表面。再透過光照反應，使光親和性配基 8 的光反應基團以共價鍵結固定在白鳳豆凝集素的表面，接著將甘露糖分子移除，即可得到表面具有硫醇官能基的白鳳豆凝集素（SH-ConA）。SH-ConA 和作為辨識訊號輸出單元的 32 nm金奈米粒間可藉由連接分子（linker）結合。在此，我們也設計了幾種功能性及非功能性的連接端分子，功能性連接端（Linker MMUA 和 Linker MTA），帶有馬來醯亞胺順丁烯二醯亞胺（Maleimide），經過硫醇的加成之後會形成穩定的硫醚鍵，用來與 SH-ConA 作用；非功能性連接端（Linker DO、Linker DOEG 和 Linker DA）則是用來稀釋功能性連接端在金奈米粒子表面的濃度。將兩者以不同比例修飾在金奈米粒子上。我們發現非功能性連接端能夠藉由親水性和帶電荷的多寡幫助金奈米粒子均勻分佈在水溶液中。當修飾 Linker DA 時，金奈米粒子排斥的效果最好。在蛋白質交互作用實驗中，利用金奈米粒子的電漿共振光譜吸收的變化，我們成功地找出適當氯化鈉水溶液的濃度，使 ConA-GNP-MTA 表面電荷中和而能與 BS-I 作用，但是對其它蛋白質選擇性不如預期。應用相同的化學修飾策略，我們也成功地將 SH-ConA 修飾在1.2 nm的螢光奈米金上（ConA-Audot-MTA），希冀 ConA-Audot-MTA 與乳癌細胞（MCF-7）表面過度表現的甘露糖分子作用，而達到細胞顯影的目的。但是 ConA-Audot-MTA 在細胞實驗的條件下，有聚集的現象，使得細胞顯影結果不盡理想。所以未來希望可藉由改變連接端分子或輸出端分子的特性來達到偵測的目的。The objective of this thesis is to develop a chemical method to immobilize sugar binding proteins onto gold nanoparticles with different sizes as well as to investigate the possibilities of using the resultant proteins-capped gold nanoparticles in screening protein/protein interactions and imaging surface tomography of breast cancer cells. The cognate substrate of ConA appended with 3-(trifluoroethyl)-3- phenyldiazirine was synthesized and the resultant photoaffinity ligand 8 was introduced to the surface of ConA based on the characteristics of ConA’s specific substrate binding and photo-activated labeling. By removing 8, ConA not only displaying the surface thiol groups (denoted as SH-ConA) but also possessing the free binding site for the mannose are thus generated. The structural features of linkers play some roles in the dispersion of gold nanoparticles. Thus, we design and synthesize some functional (namely Linker MMUA and Linker MTA) linkers with maleimide functionality and nonfunctional (Linker DO, Linker DOEG and Linker DA) linkers. SH-ConA is chemically modified to 32-nm gold nanoparticles by reacting with maleimide of functional linkers via 1,4-addition yielding ConA-GNP-MTA. Nonfunctional linkers not only dilute the concentration of functional linkers on the gold nanoparticle surface, but also increase the repulsion among gold nanoparticle by hydrophilicity and charge density. Based on experimental observation, the best linker to serve our purposes is Linker DA. By monitoring the changes of plasmon resonance absorption bands of gold nanoparticles, we successfully find the optimal concentration of sodium chloride solution, which can neutralize surface charge of ConA-GNP-MTA, for ConA-GNP-MTA to interact with BS-I in the protein-protein interaction experiment. However, the selectivity of ConA-GNP-MTA to other proteins is not as good as what we expected. Applying the same immobilization strategy, SH-ConA successfully encapsulates 1.2-nm gold nanodots, which fluoresce strongly in aqueous solution. The resultant ConA-Audot-MTA is thus evaluated in the application of MCF-7 breast cancer cells imaging. However, ConA-Audot-MTA aggregates under the cell imaging experiment condition. The experiment results could be possibly improved by changing the signal transduction unit or characteristic features of linkers.目錄…………………………………………………………………I 目錄………………………………………………………………III 目錄………………………………………………………………VIII 簡稱用語對照表……………………………………………………X 文摘要……………………………………………………………XII 文摘要……………………………………………………………XIII 第一章 蛋白質表面修飾及固定化於固相載體之研究………………1 1.1 感測分子的組成與原理………………………………………… 1 1.2 螢光蛋白質生物感測分子之介紹……………………………… 2 1.3 生物分子固定於奈米粒子之研究………………………………10 1.3.1 靜電吸引力……………………………………………………11 1.3.2 化學吸附………………………………………………………14 1.3.3 接受器-配基專一性作用力………………………………… 14 1.3.4 共價鍵結………………………………………………………16 第二章 醣類與外源凝集素………………………………………… 25 2.1 醣類生物學之簡介………………………………………………25 2.2 醣類在生物體內的重要性………………………………………26 2.3醣類與受體的專一性結合……………………………………… 28 2.3.1 專一性結合……………………………………………………28 2.3.2 多價性作用（multivalent）……………………………… 29 2.4 外源凝集素 (lectin) 的源由…………………………………32 2.5 金奈米粒子之簡介………………………………………………33 2.6 金奈米粒子之特性………………………………………………34 2.7 金奈米粒子應用於分子辨識的介紹……………………………35 2.8 研究蛋白質間作用力之方法……………………………………39三章 利用白鳳豆凝集素修飾金奈米粒子偵測蛋白質間作用力 41 3.1利用 ConA-GNP 偵測蛋白質間作用力的設計理念…………… 41 3.2白鳳豆凝集素修飾金奈米粒子生物感應分子之合成策略…… 41 3.2.1 分子辨識單元之白鳳豆凝集素的修飾………………………42 3.2.2 光親和性配基 8 的合成…………………………………… 46 3.2.3 合成光親和性配基 8 修飾白鳳豆凝集素………………… 50 3.3 連接端的合成策略及合成方法探討……………………………57 3.3.1 連接端的合成策略探討………………………………………57 3.3.2 連接端的合成方法探討………………………………………62 3.4 訊號轉換單元之 32 nm金奈米粒子的合成……………………66 3.5 不同的連接端修飾金奈米粒子合成方法………………………67 3.6 SH-ConA 固定化於連接端修飾金奈米粒子之合成方法………71 3.6.1 SH-ConA 以共價鍵結固定化於連接端修飾 32 nm金奈米粒子 …………………………………………………………………71 .6.2 ConA以吸附方式固定化於未修飾的金奈米粒子……………72 3.6.3 計算固定到金奈米粒子表面ConA的量………………………74 3.7 利用 ConA-GNP 與 ConA-GNP-MTA 與 BS-I 作用……………75 3.8 結論………………………………………………………………81 第四章、利用 ConA-GNP-MTA 偵測細胞表面醣以及利用白鳳豆凝集素修飾金量 子點（ConA-Audot-MTA）於 MCF-7 細胞顯影…………82 4.1 外源凝集素的構造及作用機制…………………………………82 4.2 外源凝集素的生物活性及功能…………………………………83 4.3 利用凝集素研究細胞表面醣類分佈之研究……………………85 4.4 利用 ConA-GNP-MTA 偵測細胞表面醣…………………………91 4.5 利用白鳳豆凝集素修飾金量子點於 MCF-7 細胞顯影……… 94 4.6 結論………………………………………………………………96 實驗部分………………………………………………………………97、一般敘述…………………………………………………………97 貳、實驗步驟及光譜數據……………………………………………99 參考文獻………………………………………………………………127 附錄…………………………………………………………………..13
Efficient Iridium (III) Based, True-Blue Emitting Phosphorescent OLEDs Employing Both Double Emission and Double Buffer Layers
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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