295,875 research outputs found
DIETARY CONDITIONS AND DIFFERENTIAL ACCESS TO FOOD RESOURCES AMONG THE VARIOUS CLASSES DURING THE HAN PERIOD
Full text linkIn this thesis, I study how food resources and dietary conditions were determined by social and economic status during the Han period in China, B.C. 206~A.D.220. Even though earlier scholars have published research concerning the Chinese food culture of this period, these studies were limited in that they only illustrated the dietary culture of the upper class or the available food resources in one geographic area. Also, without any persuasive data, it has been assumed by these earlier scholars that there were big differences in food resources and food consumption between the upper and lower classes. In this thesis, for comparison among the classes, I divide the social and economic classes into five stratified groups: nobles, officials, peasants, soldiers and convicts. After a brief introduction of the nature of each social class, I examine the food resources and nutritional condition of each group using information such as the wealth and income of each group, the market price of food resources, the agricultural products of peasants, and the amount of food distribution to soldiers and convicts. I found these data from archaeological remains, received historical records and pictorial data, and excavated texts. This research shows a broader view of Chinese dietary condition focusing not only on the variety of food resources of nobles, but also on the different food accessibilities among the officials, and the food deficiencies of peasants. It also deals with the situations of food supply for soldiers and convicts in an effort to reveal the true dietary consumption and nutritional conditions for all Chinese. This research proves that the various classes during the Han period in China had different food resources and dietary conditions
A Study of Han Yu\ue2s Official Career and His Thoughts
No full textThe study analyzed Han Yu\ue2s official career and his thoughts with the method of history of life and thought, From the point of view of self-realization.
Chapter \ue2\ua0, mainly to explain the motives, methods and related works of the study.
Chapter \ue2\ua1, mainly to explore: Han Yu generated official career awareness during his early years. In Chang\ue2an,Han Yu failed in the imperial examination many times,he delivered his thoughts on developing the good officers. during worked for the local government of Bianzhou and Xuzhou, He was very concerned about the mutiny and religious issues.
Chapter \ue2\ua2, mainly to explore: Han Yu had a contradiction between officer and hermit. Han Yu had some feelings and ideas when he was banished to the Yangshan and Gangneung.
Chapter \ue2\ua3, mainly to explore: Han Yu worried that someone framed him and to be an officer in Luoyang,but he was also in conflict with the eunuchs. Han Yu went to Chang\ue2an officer, he concerned about the legal, historian and official career issues. Han Yu believed that the government should control local forces,and he helped Pei Du to quell the rebellion in Caizhou.
Chapter \ue2\ua4, mainly to explore: Han Yu advised the emperor not to believe in Buddhism and had been demoted to Chaozhou and Yuanzhou. However, he executed some good achievements about education and people\ue2s livelihood.Han Yu returned to central government in his later years, he put forward their views on education and the economy,quelled the rebellion in Chengde. Later, the political situation had become bad, Han Yu\ue2s body was old and sick. Finally, he didn\ue2t want to stay in the government.
Chapter \ue2\ua5, mainly to show the research results of each chapter and make a general comment
Alebroides spanner Yu & Yang, sp. nov.
No full textA. spanner Yu & Yang, sp. nov. Distribution. China (Guizhou).Published as part of Yu, Xiaofei & Yang, Maofa, 2014, Four new species of Alebroides Matsumura (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from China, pp. 248-262 in Zootaxa 3780 (2) on page 252, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3780.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/23041
Alebroides strumae Yu & Yang, sp. nov.
No full textA. strumae Yu & Yang, sp. nov. Distribution. China (Tibet).Published as part of Yu, Xiaofei & Yang, Maofa, 2014, Four new species of Alebroides Matsumura (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from China, pp. 248-262 in Zootaxa 3780 (2) on page 252, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3780.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/23041
Alebroides chiasmaticus Yu & Yang, sp. nov.
No full textA. chiasmaticus Yu & Yang, sp. nov. Distribution. China (Guangxi).Published as part of Yu, Xiaofei & Yang, Maofa, 2014, Four new species of Alebroides Matsumura (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from China, pp. 248-262 in Zootaxa 3780 (2) on page 251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3780.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/23041
Descriptions of the larvae of Huosoma Guan, Dumont, Yu, Han & Vierstraete 2013 from China (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)
No full textYang, Guo-Hui, Orr, Albert G., Zhang, Hao-Miao (2022): Descriptions of the larvae of Huosoma Guan, Dumont, Yu, Han & Vierstraete 2013 from China (Odonata: Coenagrionidae). Zootaxa 5134 (3): 426-434, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5134.3.
Lun yu hui han /
No full text"Ming Tianqi yi chou (5 nian) chong kan ben"1. Lun yu gu xun. -- 2. Lun yu shi yi / Su Che. -- 3. Kong zi Lun yu nian pu / Cheng Fuxin. -- 4. Lun yu fu ji / Weng Fanggang. -- 5. Lun yu fa yin / Yang Wenhui
Alebroides spanner Yu & Yang, sp. nov.
No full textA. spanner Yu & Yang, sp. nov. (Figs 38–47) Type material. Holotype, ♂, Kuankuoshui Nature Reserve, Guizhou, 13. August. 2010, collected at light by Xiaofei Yu. Length: ♂ 3.9mm. Crown yellowish (Fig 38). Ocellus surrounded with off-white stripe (Fig 40). Coronal suture brownish, not reaching apex of crown (Fig 38). Face yellowish (Fig 39). Pronotum with irregular spots at anterior margin, semitransparent posteriorly (Fig 38). Scutellum yellowish (Fig 38). Forewing yellowish, semitransparent; hindwing hyaline (Fig 38). Abdomen yellowish. Legs yellowish except claws brown. Male ventral abdominal apodemes protruding into segment 7 (Fig 41). Male pygofer with setae; ventral pygofer appendage curved, with dense pubescence, beyond pygofer; dorsal bridge less than 1 / 3 length of pygofer (Fig 42). Subgenital plate exceeding pygofer, with 2 rows of 22 macrosetae, 3 rows of ca. 32 long and feeble microsetae, ca. 25 marginal microsetae and 5 basal group macrosetae (Fig 43). Paramere elongate, sinuate, apex with few teeth, with setae and sensory pits subapically (Fig 44). Aedeagus expanded from midlength to apex and apically emarginate in dorsal view (Figs 45, 46). Anal tube process spanner-shaped, two processes nearly equal length (Fig 47). Connective longer than wide with shallow posterior emargination. Etymology. The new species name alludes to anal tube process branched and spanner-shaped. Remarks. The new speices is similar to A. falcatus Sohi & Dworakowska, but it is different from the latter in having the pygofer appendage with dense pubescence (Fig 42) and the anal tube process branched and spannershaped (Fig 47).Published as part of Yu, Xiaofei & Yang, Maofa, 2014, Four new species of Alebroides Matsumura (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from China, pp. 248-262 in Zootaxa 3780 (2) on page 250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3780.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/23041
Membranacea distincta Yu & Yang, sp. nov.
No full textMembranacea distincta Yu & Yang, sp. nov. (Figs 1–11) Length: male 4.1–4.2mm. Body robust, dorsal coloration golden yellow (Figs 1, 2). Crown with median black apical spot surrounded with cream stripe; coronal suture brown and margined with cream, beside with a brown spot (Figs 1, 3). Eyes dark (Figs 1, 2, 3). Ocellus present (Fig. 3). Face elongate and convex in profile (Fig. 2). Pronotum wider and longer than crown, with median cream spot at anterior margin (Fig. 1). Scutellum yellow with basolateral triangles and apex black; scutoscutellar sulcus distinct, not reaching lateral margin of scutellum (Fig. 1). Forewing rounded apically, apical cells less than 1 / 3 total length, RP and MP’ separated and originated from r cell, MP’’+CuA’ from m cell, width of c cell equal with r cell. Hindwing with CuA bifurcated. Abdomen brownish. Legs yellow except claws brownish (Figs 1, 2). Ventral male abdominal apodemes broad, reaching segment 4 (Fig. 4), Pygofer with dosrsal margin strongly concave, apex with few microsetae (Figs 5, 6). Subgenital plate broad, with an oblique line of 14 macrosetae and ca. 23 microsetae in 3 rows; outer margin bearing 5 moderately long and stout setae forming the basal group and after that along with ca. 25 marginal setae (Fig. 7). Paramere elongate, with apical teeth and setae (Fig. 8). Aedeagus arcuate in lateral view, with broad single central flange on ventral surface from midlength to apex (Fig. 9), subapically with pair of lateral flanges on each side, inner flange narrower than outer one; preatrium more than half length of shaft (Fig. 10). Connective with base broad, apex narrow, apical margin deeply emarginate (Fig. 10). Anal tube process only visible in ventral view (Fig. 11). Etymology. The new species is named for its single central flange broad and distinct. Material examined. Holotype, 1 ♂, Mt. Leigong, Guizhou Province, 5. July. 2005, coll. Yuehua Song. Paratypes, 1 ♂, Huaping, Guangxi Province, 18. May. 2012, coll. Hu Li; 2 ♂, Huaping, Guangxi Province, 18–19. May. 2012, coll. Zhihua Fan. Remarks. The new species is similar to M. stenoprocessa Yu & Yang, 2013 and M. plana Qin & Zhang, 2011, but differs from the latter in having the single central flange broad and extending from midlength to apex, the narrower flange is inside the broader one (Figs 9, 10).Published as part of Yu, Xiaofei & Yang, Maofa, 2014, Key to species of the leafhopper genus Membranacea Qin & Zhang (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae, Empoascini), with a new species from China, pp. 97-100 in Zootaxa 3878 (1) on page 99, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3878.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/22492
Ishiharella multiprotrusa Yu, Yang & Dietrich, sp. nov.
No full textIshiharella multiprotrusa Yu, Yang & Dietrich, sp. nov. (Figs 36–43, 52– 53) Type material. Holotype: 1 ♂, Thailand, Loei Phu Ruea NP office, 17 ° 28.805 ’N, 101 ° 21.242 ’E, 870m., malaise trap, 12–19 July 2006, Patikhom Tamtio leg (QSBG). Length: ♂ 3.54mm. Crown orange, area between eyes with two pigmented depressions and yellowish patches (Fig. 52). Eyes grey (Fig. 52). Ocelli white (Fig. 52). Face yellowish, anteclypeus black apically (Fig. 53). Pronotum orange with brown depression in lateral margin and blackish posteromedial patch (Fig. 52). Scutellum yellowish, scutoscutellar sulcus brownish (Fig. 52). Forewing brown, hind wing hyaline (Fig. 52). Legs yellowish except claws black (Fig. 53). Male ventral abdominal apodemes reaching posterior margin of segment 3 (Fig. 36). Male pygofer narrowed anteriorly, anterior margin bearing few setae (Figs 38, 39). Subgenital plates longer than pygofer in lateral view, fused almost to apex, bearing 8 macrosetae in one row and ca. 23 microsetae in 3 rows (Fig. 37). Paramere elongate, apex slender, cheliform (Fig. 40). Aedeagal shaft short, broad, ovoid, strongly compressed, ventral process nearly symmetrical, bearing three pairs of branches, branches slender and bowed laterad, becoming progressively longer distally (Figs 41, 42). Anal tube process falcate in ventral view (Fig. 43). Etymology. The name of the new species is derived from the combination of “multi-” and “protrusus”, refering to the aedeagal process with three pairs of branches that look like protrusions. Remarks. The new species is similar to I. inflata Yu & Yang, sp. nov. in having three pairs of branches on the aedeagal process (Figs 41, 42), but differs from the latter in having the middle pair of branches longer than the basal pair and not crossing the basal pair in lateral view (Figs 41, 42), and by shape of the paramere apex (Fig. 40).Published as part of Yu, Xiaofei & Yang, Maofa, 2015, Five new species of Ishiharella Dworakowska (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) with a key to worldwide species of the genus, pp. 571-580 in Zootaxa 4000 (5) on pages 577-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4000.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/23823
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