58 research outputs found
Universal Learning Machine – Principle, Method, and Engineering Model Contributions to ICIS 2018
No full textPart 2: Machine LearningInternational audienceUniversal learning machine is a computing system that can automatically learn any computational task with sufficient data, and no need for manual presetting and intervention. Universal learning machine and universal learning theory are very important research topic. Many disciplines (AI, AGI, machine epistemology, neuroscience, computational theory, mathematics, etc.) cross here. In this article, we discuss the principles, methods, and engineering models of universal learning machine. X-form is the central concept and tool, which is introduced by examining objective and subjective patterns in details. We also discuss conceiving space and governing space, data sufficiency, learning strategies and methods, and engineering model
Some Discussions on Subjectivity of Machine and its Function
No full textPart 1: Brain CognitionInternational audienceMany people think that, in order to improve the capabilities of a machine, the machine should have its initiative. Consequently, in order to make machine having its initiative, the consciousness of machine should be established. Here, we propose that instead of consciousness, the subjectivity of the machine should be considered. Thus we can avoid unnecessary arguments, and conduct fruitful discussions. We analyze the subjectivity of a machine and propose a working definition, and discuss 4 major aspects of subjectivity, namely, a priori and cogitating, active perception to outside, self awareness, and dynamic action. Dynamic action of a machine is crucially important and we suggest a possible way to approach it
Superpositioner – A Non-logical Computation Model
No full textPart 2: Causal ReasoningInternational audienceWe have been striving to exceed computational complexity, and in the process, we have come to realize the dilemma of classical computing, and in turn we realize that superpositioner may be a way to solve. A superpositioner is a model formed by several Boolean functions that their variables and function values are feeding back to each other. The component of the superpositioner is the reentry function, which can be fully described by classical logic and can be calculated by classical computation, but the superpositioner as a whole is a non-logical entity, and it is impossible for classical computation to fully compute it. In this article, we present the concept of a superpositioner and discuss its basic properties. We find that the superpositioner + dispositioner will form a new type of computation model whose capabilities can surpass Turing computation. We envision that this new model will help implement these functions in the intelligent agent: a whole new way of programming and a whole new way of learning, endogenous feelings, analogies and associations, forming understanding, dynamic action, participating in the formation of subjectivity, and more. We will also discuss how to implement superpositioner in the most preliminary way
On wall-crossing for K-stability
No full textIn this paper, we explore the wall crossing phenomenon for K-stability, and apply it to explain the wall crossing for K -moduli stacks and K-moduli spaces. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Decomposed Driving Factors of Carbon Emissions and Scenario Analyses of Low-Carbon Transformation in 2020 and 2030 for Zhejiang Province
No full textClimate change has gained widespread attention, and the rapid growth of the economy in China has generated a considerable amount of carbon emissions. Zhejiang Province was selected as a study area. First, the energy-related carbon emissions from 2000 to 2014 were accounted for, and then the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition model was applied to analyse the driving factors underlying the carbon emissions. Finally, three scenarios (inertia, comparative decoupling and absolute decoupling) for 2020 and 2030 were simulated based on the low-carbon city and Human Impact Population Affluence Technology (IPAT) models. The results showed (1) carbon emissions increased by 1.66 times from 2000 to 2014, and trends of carbon emissions were used to divide the study period into three phases (rapid, medium growth and slow decrease phases, with annual growth rates of 12.60%, 4.77% and −1.24%, respectively); (2) the energy intensity effect from 2000–2011 inhibited carbon emissions but was exceeded by the economic output effect, which increased emissions, whereas the energy intensity effect from 2011–2014 outweighed the economic output effect; (3) the scenario analyses revealed that both the comparative and absolute decoupling scenarios would remain consistent with the carbon emissions boundaries in 2020 and 2030, but the comparative decoupling scenario was more reasonable for sustainable development. In addition, appropriate design of emission trading scheme could help to achieve the comparative decoupling by financial incentives
An Integrated Approach to Explore the Relationship Among Economic, Construction Land Use, and Ecology Subsystems in Zhejiang Province, China
No full textZhejiang Province, China is experiencing rapid urbanization, facing the challenge of coupling socioeconomic development and ecological conservation. This paper establishes a comprehensive index system to assess coordinating development of economic, construction land use (CLU), and ecology subsystems. A Granger test and a coupling coordination model were applied to explore the causal relationship and the coordinated development state among the three subsystems from 2000 to 2012. The results showed that: (1) changes in the integrated value of the economic subsystem were the Granger cause of changes in the ecology and CLU subsystems, and the changes in the integrated values of ecology and CLU was each other’s Granger cause; (2) the coupling coordination relationship of the integrated value for economic–CLU–ecology was constrained by the relationship between the economic and the CLU subsystems from 2000 to 2004, and that between the ecology and the economic subsystems was the impediment of the sustainable development of economic–CLU–ecology from 2004 to 2012. This research helps to identify approach to sustainable development through analyzing synergistic effects, interdependencies, and trade-offs among the integrated economic–CLU–ecology values, and to make significant contribution to urban planning policies in rapid urbanization region
Mechanisms of pH-Sensitivity and Cellular Internalization of PEOz-b-PLA Micelles with Varied Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Ratios and Intracellular Trafficking Routes and Fate of the Copolymer
No full textpH-responsive polymeric micelles have shown promise for the targeted and intracellular delivery of antitumor agents. The present study aimed to elucidate the possible mechanisms of pH-sensitivity and cellular internalization of PEOz-b-PLA micelles in detail, further unravel the effect of hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratio of the micelles on their cellular internalization, and examine the intracellular trafficking routes and fate of PEOz-b-PLA after internalization of the micelles. The results of variations in the size and Zeta potential of PEOz-b-PLA micelles and cross-sectional area of PEOz-b-PLA molecules with pH values suggested that electrostatic repulsion between PEOz chains resulting from ionization of the tertiary amide groups along PEOz chain at pH lower than its plc was responsible for pH-sensitivity of PEOz-b-PLA micelles. Furthermore, the studies on internalization of PEOz-bPLA micelles by MCF-7 cells revealed that the uptake of PEOz-b-PLA micelles was strongly influenced by their structural features, and showed that PEOz-b-PLA micelles with hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratio of 1.7-2.0 exhibited optimal cellular uptake. No evident alteration in cellular uptake of PEOz-b-PLA micelles was detected by flow cytometry upon the existence of EIPA and chlorpromazine. However, the intracellular uptake of the micelles in the presence of M beta CD and genistein was effectively inhibited. Hence, the internalization of such micelles by MCF-7 cells appeared to proceed mainly through caveolae/lipid raft-mediated endocytosis without being influenced by their hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratio. Confocal micrographs revealed that late endosomes, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum were all involved in the intracellular trafficking of PEOz-b-PLA copolymers following their internalization via endocytosis, and then part of them was excreted from tumor cells to extracellular medium. These findings provided valuable information for developing desired PEOz-b-PLA micelles to improve their therapeutic efficacy and reducing the potential safety risks associated with their intracellular accumulation.National Natural Science Foundation of China [81673366]; National Key Science Research Program of China (973 Program) [2015CB932100]SCI(E)ARTICLE86916-6930
A Bibliographical Study of the Guoyu 國語
Get PDFDocumentary classics of the pre-Qin period generally have many bibliographical problems, and the Guoyu 國語 is no exception. Above all, the chronological order in which the Guoyu and the Zuozhuan 左傳 commentary (many parts of which are common to the Guoyu) were completed and quotations common to both have not been explained well enough. This article is an attempt to clarify the order in which several sections of the Guoyu, namely the Zhouyu 周語, Luyu 魯語, Jinyu 晉語, Chuyu 楚語, and the Zuozhuan commentary were completed, and to date the completion of the Guoyu. In the first part, by comparing the Spring and Autumn Annals and the commentary sections of the Zuozhuan commentary, and the Gongyangzhhuan 公羊傳 and Guliangzhuan 穀梁傳 commentaries with the Guoyu, it can be concluded that the Guoyu or at least certain parts of it, were completed after the spring and Autumn Annals and its commentaries. In the second part, by investigating the dates recorded in the Guoyu which are contradictory to those in the Zuozhuan commentary, it can be concluded that the Guoyu was completed after the Zuozhuan commentary. These differences were caused by subsequent changes in the Guoyu based on the premis that the author(s) of the Zuozhuan commentary had changed the original material. In the third part, some Chinese characters (expressing certain meanings) used in the Guoyu are compared with those of other pre-Qin documentary classics and, in addition, with those in the Zuozhuan commentaries. The order in which they were completed is also examined. Finally, the avoidance of Chinese characters used to write the names of Emperors, regarded as taboo, was observed in the Guoyu and other pre-Qin documentary classics. From these findings, the period in which the Guoyu was completed can be given specific parameters
A homeobox transcription factor HB34 suppresses jasmonic acid biosynthesis but promotes the expression of growth-related genes to balance plant immunity and growth in Arabidopsis
No full textActivation of plant immunity is commonly associated with the biosynthesis of defense-related metabolites, such as jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA). However, constitutive activation of the immune response or excessive accumulation of defense metabolites often negatively impacts plant growth. The regulatory mechanisms underlying the trade-off between plant immunity and growth remain elusive. In this study, we identified a homeobox transcription factor, HB34, as a key regulator that balances plant immunity and growth by differentially regulating the expression of JA biosynthetic and growth-related genes in Arabidopsis. Loss of HB34 enhances plant resistance to the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea but impairs plant growth and development, accompanied by constitutive activation of JA-responsive genes. Mechanistically, HB34 negatively regulates the transcription of JA biosynthetic genes to suppress JA accumulation, and blocking JA biosynthesis attenuates the enhanced Botrytis cinerea resistance of hb34. Conversely, HB34 enhances the transcription of growth-related genes, whereas overexpression of these genes partially rescues growth defects, thereby decoupling the trade-off between enhanced defense and impaired plant growth. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism whereby a single transcription factor fine-tunes the trade-off between plant growth and immunity by differentially regulating JA biosynthetic and growth-related genes in Arabidopsis
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