1,720,956 research outputs found
Long‐lived Charge‐Transfer State in Spiro Compact Electron Donor‐Acceptor Dyads Based on Pyromellitimide‐Derived Rhodamine: Charge Transfer Dynamics and Electron Spin Polarization
Full text linkWe observed a long-lived charge transfer (CT) state in a novel orthogonal compact electron donor-acceptor dyads, with closed form of rhodamine (Rho) as electron donor and pyromellitimide (PI) as electron acceptor (or thionated PI). The two parts in the dyads are connected via a spiro quaternary carbon atom, thus the torsion between the donor and acceptor is completely inhibited, which is beneficial to reduce the reorganization energy and to exploit the Marcus inverted region effect to prolong the CT state lifetime. Femtosecond transient absorption spectra show that the charge separation is rather fast, while nanosecond transient absorption spectra confirmed the formation of long-lived CT state (2.6 μs). Time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectra determined the spin multiplicity of the long living state and assigned it to a 3CT state. Replace of an oxygen atom in PI part with sulfur atom favoring classical intersystem crossing processes, causes a consistently shortening of the lifetime of the 3CT state (0.29 μs)
Radical-Enhanced Intersystem Crossing in New Bodipy Derivatives and Application for Efficient Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion
No full textA long-lived triplet excited state of the wellknown
fluorophore boron dipyrromethene (Bodipy) was
observed for the first time via efficient radical-enhanced
intersystem crossing (EISC). The triplet state has been
obtained in two dyads in which the Bodipy unit is linked to
a nitroxide radical, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxyl
(TEMPO), with two different length spacers. The photophysical properties were studied with steady-state and timeresolved transient optical spectroscopies and electron spin resonance (cw-ESR and TR-ESR). The fluorescence of Bodipy units is significantly quenched in the dyads, and the spin-polarized TEMPO signals were observed with TR-ESR, generated by a radical triplet pair mechanism. Efficient EISC (Φ_T = 80%) was observed for the dyad with a shorter linker, and the triplet state lifetime of the Bodipy chromophore is exceptionally long (62 μs). The EISC takes 250 ps. Poor ISC was observed for the dyad with a longer linker. The efficient ISC and long-lived triplet excited state in this flexible system are in stark contrast to the
previously studied rigid EISC systems. The EISC effect was employed for the first time to perform triplet−triplet annihilation (TTA) upconversion (quantum yield Φ_UC = 6.7%)
Efficient Intersystem Crossing in Tröger's Base Derived From 4‐Amino‐1,8‐Naphthalimide and Application as Potent PDT Reagent
Full text linkIntersystem crossing (ISC) was observed for naphthalimide (NI)-derived Troger's base, and the ISC was confirmed to occur by a spin-orbital charge-transfer (SOCT) mechanism. Conventional electron donor/acceptor dyads showing SOCT-ISC have semirigid linkers. In contrast, the linker between the two chromophores in Troger's base is rigid and torsion is completely inhibited, which is beneficial for efficient SOCT-ISC. Femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectra demonstrated charge-separation and charge-recombination-induced ISC processes. Nanosecond TA spectroscopy confirmed the ISC, and the triplet state is long-lived (46 mu s, room temperature). The ISC quantum yield is dependent on solvent polarity (8-41 %). The triplet state was studied by pulsed-laser-excited time-resolved EPR spectroscopy, and both the NI-localized triplet state and triplet charge-transfer state were observed, which is in good agreement with the spin-density analysis. The Troger's base was confirmed to be a potent photodynamic therapy reagent with HeLa cells (EC50=5.0 nm)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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