187 research outputs found
Non verba, sed amicitia – Polish¬ Hungarian words by Feliks Netz
No full textIt is an obituary notice of Feliks Netz, a great translator from the Hungarian language, a writer, a poet, an art of words admirer. The author of the obituary refers to the translation works of Feliks Netz and deliberates on the art of translation itself and a special friendship between an author and a translator, which appears to be impossible to describe with words
Sociological implications of scientific publishing: Open access, science, society, democracy and the digital divide
No full textClaims for open access are mostly underpinned with
1. science—related arguments (open access accelerates scientific communication);
2. financial arguments (open access relieves the serials crisis);
3. social arguments (open access reduces the digital divide);
4. democracy—related arguments (open access facilitates participation); and,
5. socio—political arguments (open access levels disparities).
Using sociological concepts and notions, this article focuses strongly on Pierre Bourdieu\u27;s theory of (scientific) capital and its implications for the acceptance of open access, Michel Foucault\u27;s discourse analysis and the implications of open access for the concept of the digital divide. Bourdieu\u27;s theory of capital implies that the acceptance of open access depends on the logic of power and the accumulation of scientific capital. It does not depend on slogans derived from hagiographic self—perceptions of science (e.g., the acceleration of scientific communication) and scientists (e.g., their will to share their information freely). According to Bourdieu\u27;s theory, it is crucial for open access (and associated concepts like alternative impact metrics) to understand how scientists perceive its potential influence on existing processes of capital accumulation and how open access will affect their demand for status. Foucault\u27;s discourse analysis suggests that open access may intensify disparities, scientocentrism and ethnocentrism. Additionally, several concepts from the philosophy of sciences (Popper, Kuhn, Feyerabend) and their implicit connection to the concept of open access are described in this paper
A Response to Acerbi on Netz, Noel, Tchernetska, and Wilson edd. The Archimedes Palimpsest
No full textIs the Comparison between Exercise and Pharmacologic Treatment of Depression in the Clinical Practice Guideline of the American College of Physicians Evidence-Based?
No full textMajor depression disorder is most commonly treated with antidepressants. However, due to their side effects clinicians seek non-pharmacologic options, and one of these is exercise. The literature on the benefits of exercise for depression is extensive. Nevertheless, two recent reviews focusing on antidepressants vs. other therapies as a basis for clinical practice guidelines recommended mainly antidepressants, excluding exercise as a viable choice for treatment of depression. The aim of this perspective is to analyze the literature exploring the reasons for this discrepancy. Two categories of publications were examined: randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses or systematic reviews. Based on this reassessment, RCTs comparing exercise to antidepressants reported that exercise and antidepressants were equally effective. RCTs comparing exercise combined with antidepressants to antidepressants only reported a significant improvement in depression following exercise as an adjunctive treatment. Almost all the reviews examining exercise vs. other treatments of depression, including antidepressants, support the use of exercise in the treatment of depression, at least as an adjunctive therapy. The two reviews examining pharmacologic vs. non-pharmacologic therapies as a basis for clinical practice guidelines examined limited evidence on exercise vs. antidepressants. In addition, it is possible that academics and health care practitioners are skeptical of viewing exercise as medicine. Maybe, there is a reluctance to accept that changes in lifestyle as opposed to pharmacological treatment can alter biological mechanisms. Longitudinal studies are needed for assessing the effectiveness of exercise in real clinical settings, as well as studies exploring dose-response relationship between exercise and depression
Physical Activity and Three Dimensions of Psychological Functioning in Advanced Age: Cognition, Affect, and Self‐Perception
No full textIs There a Preferred Mode of Exercise for Cognition Enhancement in Older Age?—A Narrative Review
No full textThe aim of this review is to examine the moderating effect of the mode of exercise on the exercise-cognition relationship. Is one mode of exercise more efficient in enhancing cognition than the other? For example, is aerobic exercise preferable over balance training? Based on official guidelines for old age, exercise modes include aerobic activity, strength (resistance) training, flexibility, balance, and coordination. In relation to cognition, these exercise modes are further divided into two categories: physical training—aerobic and strength, and motor training—balance, coordination, and flexibility. The physical training activities are repetitive and automatic in nature, and require high metabolic energy and relatively low neuromuscular effort. The motor activities involve high neuromuscular demands and relatively low metabolic demands. In addition, there are specific movement skills that require more neuromuscular effort (e.g., Tai Chi), and sometimes also greater metabolic demands (e.g., tennis). Selected studies examining the effect of various modes of exercise on cognition contend that both training categories affect neuroplasticity, and consequently cognitive functioning. However, there are two main differences between them: (1) Physical training affects cognition via improvement in cardiovascular fitness, whereas motor training affects cognition directly; (2) Physical training affects neuroplasticity and cognition in a global manner, while motor training is task-specific in increasing brain neuroplasticity and in affecting cognition. Examining the underpinnings of these pathways reveals that there is a difference in the underlying forces behind the two training categories. In the physical training category, it is the intensity of training that enhances neuroplasticity and consequently improves cognition, while in the motor activities it is the task complexity that increases neuroplasticity, which improves cognition. Dual-task training, which includes cognitive demands in addition to physical or motor activity, has proven more effective in improving cognitive functioning than a single task. The implications are that if all training components traditionally recommended by official bodies—physical as well as motor training—are efficient in enhancing cognition, then we merely have to emphasize the inclusion of all exercise modes in our routine exercise regimen for physical as well as cognitive health in advanced age
Exercise, fitness, and subjective measures related to fitness of physical education and other teachers.
No full textDer Netz-Cent: Ein Instrument zur Finanzierung des Breitbandausbaus
No full textDer Breitbandausbau soll auch in wirtschaftlich unattraktiven Gebieten vorangetrieben werden. Vor allem ländliche Gebiete sind mangels Wirtschaftlichkeit noch unterversorgt. Der Autor schlägt die Einführung eines Netz-Cents vor, um die notwendigen Finanzierungsmittel sicherzustellen. Der Netz-Cent ist ein Konzept, mit dem positive externe Effekte bei den Endkunden internalisiert werden können.To benefit from the digital revolution, broader investments in the digital infrastructure are needed. But private investments are not sufficient to build up the infrastructure needed for the digital revolution. Especially in rural areas, the return on investments is rather low or negative. The author suggests imposing a fee of e.g. one cent per gigabyte used. The money collected from the consumer would then be used to fund private investments. The fee can be justified with positive external effects. Every internet user benefits from a broad expansion of fast internet connections but does not pay for it. The fee internalises those positive external effects
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