1,721,057 research outputs found
FIGURES 1–8 in DNA barcoding and morphological data reveal a new Hyposoter (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Porizontinae) reared from a rare zygaenid moth Artona flavipuncta Hampson, 1900 in Taiwan
No full textFIGURES 1–8. Male of Hyposoter distriangulum sp. nov. 1, Front view of head (scale bar = 1 mm); 2, Mandibles, maxillary and labial palpUs (scale bar = 300 µm); 3, Close view of mandibles (scale bar = 200 µm); 4, Scape and pedicel of antanna (scale bar = 300 µm); 5, Dorsal-lateral view of mesosoma with right wings removed (scale bar = 1 mm); 6, TarsUs and tibial spUr of fore leg (scale bar = 500 µm); 7, Fore leg claws (scale bar = 300 µm); 8, Coxae of median and hind legs (scale bar = 1 mm).Published as part of Young-Fa Chen, Chia-Lung Huang & Yu-Feng Hsu, 2017, DNA barcoding and morphological data reveal a new Hyposoter (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Porizontinae) reared from a rare zygaenid moth Artona flavipuncta Hampson, 1900 in Taiwan, pp. 279-287 in Zootaxa 4337 (2) on page 282, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4337.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/101879
[[alternative]]Population dynamics of Faunis eumeus Drury
No full text[[abstract]]An exotic butterfly in Keelung, Faunis eumeus, was studied for its distribution and population dynamics. The study was progressed between July, 2000 and April, 2002. Twelve study areas were set up and two of them, HM and HY, were selected for counting population size of adults and tracing survival rate of eggs or larvae.
In the study, the distribution of F. eumeus was stable but the population size in HM and HY was not stable, namely, the population size in HM decline straightly and in HY the population size first increased but later decline as soon as HM in 2001. However, the population size in HM and HY increase in the 2002’s spring. The dispersal of F. eumeus was not obvious but did happen in the marginal areas, such as SD and PK. The reason that made the population size decline obviously was one species of small wasps that lay eggs in the eggs of F. eumeus and causing hosts death. The insufficient source of food plants was also one reason that causing larvae death but not the main cause that decreased the population size. One new host plant was recorded, Calculigo capitulat. However, the female laid eggs whether on C. capitulata or not seemed to depend on population size of F. eumeus. The female preferred the initial host plant, Heterosmilax japonica and the larvae ate it had higher survival rate and higher emerging rate than those ate C. capitulata.
[[alternative]]Study on genetic structure of Sibataniozephyrus kuafui Hsu & Lin and phylogenetic relationship among Sibataniozephyrus species
No full text[[abstract]]Sibataniozephyrus kuafui was a recently described lycaenid butterfly ( Hsu & Lin，1994 )，which utilites Fagus hayatae as the sole larval host. The first aim of the research is to investigate the population structure of this rare butterfly in Taiwan.
The second issue to be explored here is the possibility of presence of coevolutionary pattern as Sibataniozephyrus is the only lycaenid genus that is specialized on the beech trees, with each described species use a different beech species as its larval host.
A seguence of 405 bp of COI gene was analyzed to investigate the genetic differentiations of S. kuafui. It turned out the population at Tongshan, Ilan is well differentiated from that of the N. Chatienshan (Fst=0.51),with the former possessing one unique haplotype and the latter two. After studying a sequence of 1068 bp of COI, tRNA and COII gene, it was found that S. kuafui shares a synapomorphy with S. fujisanus by a deletion of an amino acid code AAT in compared with the Sibataniozephyrus taxa in the Asiatic mainland. The phylogenetic pattern derived from the research did not support the coevolution model between Sibataniozephyrus lycaenids and their hosts. Alternatively, the data suggests after gaining the ability of using beech as larval host, Sibataniozephyrus horizontally shifted larval host usage, and speciated by the other evolutionary causes, independent of the diversification of the beeches.
[[alternative]]The Population Biology of Chilades pandava peripatria( Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)： The Fluctuation of Population
No full text[[abstract]]ABSTRACT
Chilades pandava peripatria is native subspecies in Taiwan. Caterpillars feed on young leaves of Cycas taitungensis (native species) and Cycas revoluta (foreign species). During November 1997 to April 1999, we recorded the development of cycad leaf and the population size index of C. pandava peripatria once a month to study interaction between them. Sampling caterpillars from the experiment areas to feed in laboratory until emergence, then proceeded starch gel horizontal electrophoresis. We checked out 19 allozymes 26 loci, only Pgm-1 polymorphic.
In the structure of C. pandava peripatria metapopulation, there are two long-persistent local areas were recognized as population centers therein: one is at Huang-yeh, Taitung, southern Taiwan; the other is at Chang-hua, central Taiwan. Evident heterozygosity in allozyme frequency was observed (Huang-yeh: p = 0.154; Chang-hua: p = 0.416). The estimated value of Wright’s F statistics FST was 0.176, indicating high degree of population differentiation.
The differences and fluctuations of gene frequencies is correlated with environmental quality, which is composed of resource richness and local butterfly population sizes. Polymorphism in gene frequency of the butterfly population was not diminished due to frequent bottlenecking imposed by its host, such pattern is best explained by balancing selection rather than by genetic drift alone.
From observations to population dynamics of C. pandava peripatria responding to the phenology of C. taitungensis, it was that C. pandava peripatria population dynamics was abviously regulated by intermittent budding of C. taitungensis. During the periods when the new bud was in short supply, C. pandava peripatria population was in dispersal mode, with individuals emigrated from source to sink and Pgm-1S gene was dominant,. Alternatively, Pgm-1F in C. pandava peripatria population increased when C. taitungensis began budding, C. pandava peripatria population was mainly in stay-at-home mode. This phenomenon evidently demonstrated reciprocal evolutionary interaction of coevolution between the butterfly and its host.
Key words: Chilades pandava peripatria, Cycas taitungensis, allozymes, metapopulation, balancing selection, phenology, coevolution.
[[alternative]]Biosystematics and Biogeographical Implification for Ypthima multistriata Species Group in Taiwan
No full text[[abstract]]Ypthima multistriata species group is proved to be composed of three species in Taiwan, and they are Y. esakii, Y. multistirata, and Y. akragas. Y. wangi is also considered as the same species in this study. Morphological difference was found between different populations of Y. esakii in various habitats, southern Taiwan, northern Taiwan, northeastern Taiwan, and GuiSan island. In Ypthima multistriata species group, multiple-variable regression shows, except for Y. multistriata in the southern and central Taiwan, the size of the first ocellus responds positively to the increase of temperature. In the second ocellus, the size of it doesn’t show a significant relationship with temperature. However, the difference between these two eyespots increases as temperature goes up. To ensure the difference between the eyespots can be a useable trait in classification of this species group, an F test on the difference between eyespots among every taxon was carried out and showed that the this trait can help in identifying Y. esakii in the southern/central Taiwan. To reassure the taxonomic status of these taxa, COI, COII, and ND5 genes of mitochondria DNA are utilized to examine if any divergence occurs among those undetermined taxa, namely, the Y. esakii populations in southern Taiwan versus those in northern Taiwan, and the population in the northeastern Taiwan versus Y. wangi on GuiSan Islet. Y. formosana, Y. angustipennis, Y. tappana, and Y. norma as the outgroups are designated as the outgroup. 583 bp of COI gene are acquired, and across all taxa 56 sites/ 583 bp (9.6%) are parsimoniously informative. From a heuristic search of unweighted nucleotide data set, one most parsimonious tree was obtained, 65 steps long. As the data set generated high CI value (0.9062), homoplasy is evidently low. All the bootstrap values and Bayesian supportive values are all above 60, mostly above 75, which show that the linking of each node is robust enough. Based on the phylogenetic tree, these taxa were grouped into four main clades. The first clade is composed of different populations of Y. esakii, Y. wangi, and the morphologically similar population in the northeasternTaiwan. The clade consisting of these taxa presents 0% divergence on the 583 bp of the surveyed COI sequence. In sequences of ND5 (500 bp) and COII (409bp), no a single base pair of variation has been found. The other three clades are composed of Y. multistriata, two subspecies of Y. multistirata and Y. akragas. To endorse the result from phylogenetic result, interbreeding is carried out. No reproductive boundary has been found among Y. esakii in southern Taiwan, Y. esakii in northern Taiwan, and NanYa form. It can be concluded they are the same species with different external morphological traits.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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