1,148 research outputs found
Next-Generation Sequencing: Application in Liver Cancer—Past, Present and Future?
No full textHepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the third most deadly malignancy worldwide characterized by phenotypic and molecular heterogeneity. In the past two decades, advances in genomic analyses have formed a comprehensive understanding of different underlying pathobiological layers resulting in hepatocarcinogenesis. More recently, improvements of sophisticated next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have enabled complete and cost-efficient analyses of cancer genomes at a single nucleotide resolution and advanced into valuable tools in translational medicine. Although the use of NGS in human liver cancer is still in its infancy, great promise rests in the systematic integration of different molecular analyses obtained by these methodologies, i.e., genomics, transcriptomics and epigenomics. This strategy is likely to be helpful in identifying relevant and recurrent pathophysiological hallmarks thereby elucidating our limited understanding of liver cancer. Beside tumor heterogeneity, progress in translational oncology is challenged by the amount of biological information and considerable “noise” in the data obtained from different NGS platforms. Nevertheless, the following review aims to provide an overview of the current status of next-generation approaches in liver cancer, and outline the prospects of these technologies in diagnosis, patient classification, and prediction of outcome. Further, the potential of NGS to identify novel applications for concept clinical trials and to accelerate the development of new cancer therapies will be summarized
Efficient diode-pumped mid-infrared emission from acetylene-filled hollow-core fiber
No full textWe report 3.1-3.2 mu m mid-infrared emission from acetylene-filled low loss antiresonant hollow-core fiber pumped with an amplified, modulated, narrowband, tunable 1.5 mu m diode laser. The maximum power conversion efficiency of similar to 30%, with respect to the absorbed pump power, is obtained with a 10.5 m length of fiber at 0.7 mbar. The maximum efficiency with respect to the total incident pump power (similar to 20%) and the minimum pump laser energy required (<50 nJ) are both improved compared to similar work reported previously using an optical parametric oscillator as a pump source. This paper provides an effective route to obtain compact mid-infrared fiber lasers. (C) 2014 Optical Society of Americ
Measuring accuracy of delivery quantities from ZF Aftermarket Frydlant
No full textBakalářská práce na téma Statistické měření přesnosti dodávek výrobků od ZF Aftermarket Frýdlant je zaměřena na aplikaci statistických metod, díky kterým je možné získat potřebné informace o tom, jak si pobočka ZF Aftermarket Frýdlant stojí v roli dodavatele.V teoretické části bakalářské práce jsou uvedeny poznatky týkající se dodavatelsko-odběratelských vztahů, logistiky a statistických analýz. V praktické části je popsána práce s vnitřními systémy společnosti ZF Aftermarket Frýdlant a dále s předplacenými programy od společnosti Microsoft jako jsou MS Word, MS Excel a MS Access. Tyto programy napomáhají vytvoření databáze, která bude sloužit jako týdenní report pro Supply Chain Managera a vedení společnosti pobočky ZF Aftermarket Frýdlant.Cílem práce je vytvoření sebereflexního zhodnocení pobočky ZF Aftermarket Frýdlant v roli dodavatele.The bachelor thesis Measuring accuracy of delivery quantities from ZF Aftermarket Frydlant is focused on the application of statistical methods, which enables us to obtain the necessary information on how the ZF Aftermarket Frýdlant branch proves itself to be a supplier.The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis presents current knowledge of supplier-buyer relationships, logistics and statistical analyses. In the practical part of this work, the author works with ZF Aftermarket Frýdlant internal systems, as well as prepaid Microsoft applications such as MS Word, MS Excel and MS Access. These applications help to create the database which would be used as a weekly report for the RMG Manager and the management of the branch ZF Aftermarket Frýdlant. The main aim of this thesis is to create a self-reflective evaluation of the branch ZF Aftermarket Frýdlant as a supplier
Numerical research on the RCS of plasma
No full textIn this paper, the interaction between plasma and electromagnetic waves is studied. it demonstrates that high reflection coefficient requires low collision frequency and high plasma density. If its density is overdensed, the scattering characteristics of nonmagnetized collisionless cold plasma and metal conductor are comparable. As all example, the parameters of a plasma sphere with required RCS is given. The scattering characteristics of plasma with a large space scale are also discussed.Engineering, Electrical & ElectronicTelecommunicationsCPCI-S(ISTP)
Species difference in song structures between ZF and OF.
No full text(A) Typical examples of songs from ZFs and OFs that were reared with conspecific song tutoring and cross-species song tutoring. Orange solid and blue dotted lines represent the motif and repetitive structure of syllables, respectively. (B) Species differences in the syllable sequence of ZF and OF songs. (Left) Syllable similarity matrices for songs produced by ZFs and OFs that were reared with conspecific song tutoring and cross-species song tutoring. (Right) Motif and repetition indices of ZF and OF songs (n = 6 each from conspecific song tutored ZF and OF, n = 4 and 3 from cross-species song tutored ZF and OF, respectively; one-way ANOVA, *p p n = 6 each from conspecific song tutored ZF and OF; “Cross”: n = 4 and 3 from cross-species song–tutored ZF and OF, respectively; one-way ANOVA, *p p p S1 Data. AM, amplitude modulation; FM, frequency modulation; OF, owl finch; ZF, zebra finch.</p
Half-ZF beamforming scheme for downlink two-user multiple input single output-based non-orthogonal multiple access systems
No full textThe authors investigate the beamforming (BF) problem to minimise the power consumption for the downlink 2-user multiple input single output-based non-orthogonal multiple access system. Inspired from the conventional zero-forcing (ZF) scheme, they propose the Half-ZF scheme which only mitigates the interference introduced by the signal of the cell-interior user through the ZF method. Meanwhile, the interference introduced by the signal of the cell-edge user is removed through the SIC technology. We derive the closed-form expression for the BF vectors of the two users under the Half-ZF scheme. The optimal power consumption for the Half-ZF scheme is analysed and the corresponding solution of the BF factors are also obtained. Compared with the conventional ZF scheme, both the Half-ZF scheme and the existing quasi-degradation (QD) scheme can achieve lower power consumption than the ZF scheme. However, the Half-ZF scheme can achieve this advantage under more relaxed conditions. Consequently, the Half-ZF scheme consumes lower power than the QD scheme when combined with the ZF scheme in practical systems.SCI(E)ARTICLE101633-16401
One-hybrid system for detection of ZF–DNA interactions () Schematic of genetic selection system for interrogating ZF–DNA interactions
No full text<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Zinc finger nucleases: custom-designed molecular scissors for genome engineering of plant and mammalian cells"</p><p>Nucleic Acids Research 2005;33(18):5978-5990.</p><p>Published online 26 Oct 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1270952.</p><p>© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved</p> () Plasmids for one-hybrid genetic selection system. The reporter gene, either chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), or GFP is located downstream from a weak derivative promoter (P) on pDB series plasmids. A 9 bp target site for binding by the ZF is located at a specific distance from the start of transcription. On the pA series of plasmids, the gene for the ZF is fused to a fragment of the α-subunit of RNA polymerase ([]) via a sequence coding for an amino acid linker. Binding of the RpoA[1–248]–ZF fusion to the 9 bp site in the reporter plasmid recruits the other RNA polymerase subunits to stimulate transcription of the reporter gene
Classification of transcriptional regulation divergence between ZF and OF.
No full text(A) Heatmaps of gene expression in ZFs and OFs, and allelic expression ratios in F1 hybrids for cis-, trans-, and both cis- and trans-regulated genes in song nuclei HVC and RA (blue–red colored). Comparison between species-different gene expression (A/B) and allelic expression ratios in F1 hybrids (a/b) in heatmaps (dark brown–light yellow colored). “A” and “B” represent RPKM(ZF average) and RPKM(OF average), respectively. “a” and “b” represent Reads (ZF allele) and Reads (OF allele), respectively. (B) Gene numbers classified by cis-, trans-, both cis- and trans-, conserved, and ambiguous regulation in HVC and RA. (C) Scatterplots of expression ratios between ZF and OF (x-axis) and allelic expression ratios in F1 hybrids (y-axis) for genes showing differential expression between species. Blue-, red-, and orange-colored spots: cis-, trans-, both cis- and trans-regulated genes, respectively. Filled spots correspond to species-differentially expressed (SDE) genes. (D) Cis- and trans-effects on the expression of species-differentially regulated genes. The percent of cis-, trans-, both cis- and trans-, conserved, and ambiguous transcriptional regulatory genes in the SDE and non-SDE genes (Fisher’s exact test, ***p S3 Data. F1, first-generation; OF, owl finch; RA, robust nucleus of the arcopallium; RPKM, reads per kilobase of transcript per million reads mapped; ZF, zebra finch.</p
Species differences in gene expression between ZF and OF and ASE in F<sub>1</sub> hybrids.
No full text(A) Examples of species differences in gene expression between ZF and OF. (Left panels) Expression levels of GRIK1, RAB5A, and LMO7 in song nucleus RA of ZFs and OFs. Gray boxes represent the position of exons for each gene. Dark blue peaks below exons represent read density. (Right panels) Gene expression levels in ZF and OF and the average of the expression ratio between ZF and OF. Each dot represents the RPKM value for individual. Mean ± SEM (n = 4 birds each; one-way ANOVA, *p 0.05, ***p 0.001, n.s., not significant). RAB5A is an example with no expression difference between ZF and OF. (B) Examples of ASE in F1 hybrids. (Upper panels) Allelic expression ratios in F1 hybrids at species-specific SNPs (ss-SNPs) of RASGEF1B and HTR1B in song nucleus RA. Dark blue peaks below exons represent read density. White bars in the dark blue–colored peaks represent ss-SNP positions. Pie charts of each ss-SNP represent the percentage of transcribed read numbers from ZF (orange) and OF (blue) alleles. (Bottom panels) The percentage and ratio of parental species-allelic expression of RASGEF1B and HTR1B in OZ and ZO F1 hybrids. Each dot represents average allelic expression ratios of all ss-SNPs in one individual (n = 4 birds each, mean). Orange- and blue-colored bars represent the values from ZF and OF alleles, respectively. Mean ± SEM (n = 4 birds each). Relevant data values are included in S2 Data. ASE, allele-specific expression; Chr, chromosome; F1, first-generation; GRIK1, Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate type 1; HTR1B, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B; LMO7, LIM domain only protein 7; OF, owl finch; OZ, F1 hybrid offspring between OF♀ and ZF♂; RA, robust nucleus of the arcopallium; RAB5A, Ras-related protein Rab5A; RASGEF1B, Ras-GEF domain-containing family 1B; RPKM, reads per kilobase of transcript per million reads mapped; ZF, zebra finch; ZO, F1 hybrid offspring between ZF♀ and OF♂.</p
A higher order compact finite difference algorithm for solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations
No full textOn the basis of the projection method, a higher order compact finite difference algorithm, which possesses a good spatial behavior, is developed for solving the 2D unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in primitive variable. The present method is established on a staggered grid system and is at least third-order accurate in space. A third-order accurate upwind compact difference approximation is used to discretize the non-linear convective terms, a fourth-order symmetrical compact difference approximation is used to discretize the viscous terms, and a fourth-order compact difference approximation on a cell-centered mesh is used to discretize the first derivatives in the continuity equation. The pressure Poisson equation is approximated using a fourth-order compact difference scheme constructed currently on the nine-point 2D stencil. New fourth-order compact difference schemes for explicit computing of the pressure gradient are also developed on the nine-point 2D stencil. For the assessment of the effectiveness and accuracy of the method, particularly its spatial behavior, a problem with analytical solution and another one with a steep gradient are numerically solved. Finally, steady and unsteady solutions for the lid-driven cavity flow are also used to assess the efficiency of this algorithm. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
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