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<Book reviews>MATANO Yoshiharu, Public finances under the Ritsuryo systems and shipping label wooden tablets
No full textSpontaneous regression of lung metastasis of renal cell carcinoma: a case report
Get PDFA chest X-ray tomography revealed a metastatic shadow in the left lung of a 56-year-old man with pathologically established right renal cell carcinoma. The shadow was found to be regressed to a fibrous lesion on the 18th day after radical nephrectomy. Because of non-A, non-B, hepatitis, the anticancer treatment with alpha-interferon and 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl-5-fluorouracil) was started 40 days after the nephrectomy. At that time, only a fibrous lesion was noted at the site of lung metastatic shadow. At present, the patient remains free of disease for 21 months after nephrectomy
The Birth of the Shinsen-en
No full text本稿では、まず、故中山修一が長岡京発掘の基準史料とした延暦十四年正月二十九日官符を再読した。そして、官符によって勅旨所・近衛府に下賜された旧長岡京左京三条一坊八・九・十・十五・十六町には、長岡京期、京内離宮「南園」が位置した、と推測した。その上で、「南園」は、長岡京後期、宮城南面地区が全面的に改造された際、早良東宮跡地に造成された可能性が高いことを指摘した。長岡京末期の「南園」における三月三日節会は禊祓儀礼としての性格を強く有したが、それは、年中行事の儀場を固定化する契機でもあった。平安遷都後、桓武は、豊楽院など他の饗宴施設と平行して、長岡京「南園」と同じ左京三条一坊に神泉苑を造営した。禁苑としての偉容を具備した神泉苑には、平城・嵯峨期にさまざまな詩宴が集約され、「文章経国」の政治文化を象徴する舞台として機能したのである。This study focuses on the creation of the Shinsen-en 神泉苑, a royal garden in the Heian-kyo, and also attempts to recreate the changes it underwent as a spatial component of the capital in the early Heian period. In 1953 the late Nakayama Shuichi 中山修一 discovered the site of the Konoefu 近衛府 hasuike (the lotus pond of the headquarters of the Inner Palace Guards) that is mentioned in a Dajokan kanpu (an order of the Great Council of State) dated the 29th day of the first month of Enryaku 14 (795). Using this as a clue, Nakayama set out to excavate Nagaoka-kyo, which had been called the capital of dreams. This study begins with a rereading of these materials. It is hypothesized that (1) a detached palace, rikyu, called the Nan-en 南園 was established over the 8th, 9th, 10th, 15th, and 16th block, cho, at Sanjo-Ichibo in the western ward of the city while the capital was located in Nagaoka, and that (2) the land was awarded to the Chokushisho 勅旨所 and the Konoefu after the transfer of the capital to Heian-kyo. This study then moves to a critical appraisal of the archaeological studies of Yamanaka Akira 山中章 on the Nagaoka palace and surroundings of the capital. The earlier hypothesis is thereby supported, and it is pointed out that it is highly probable that the when the southern portion of the capital was rebuilt in the later part of the Nagaoka-kyo period, the Nan-en was constructed on the site of the palace of crown prince Sawara, who had been deposed in Enryaku 4 (785). In the final years of the Nagaoka-kyo era, the celebration of Third day of the Third month Celebration, which included a banquet that involved the composition of poetry along a meandering brook in the garden, kyokusuinoen 曲水宴, was held for three consecutive years at the Nan-en. Observations of the celebration in Enryaku 11 and 12 had the clear character of a purification, misogi, rite due to the successive indisposition and illness of the emperor. However, with each new observation of an annual event on the court calendar, the locations for the ceremonies became fixed. Shortly after the transfer of the capital to Heian-kyo, Emperor Kanmu began construction of the Buraku-in 豊楽院 as a ceremonial site for national rituals as well as the Shinsen-en. The location of the Shinsen-en was patterned on the site of the Nan-en in Nagaoka-kyo, being situated at Sanjo-Ichibo in the western half of the new capital, but it was expanded to cover eight cho. The fact that the placement of the Shinsen-en within the spatial layout of Heian-kyo was designed to correspond to the southern boundary of the palace grounds (at Nijo Oji) was of great significance. In view of the cultural character of the reign of Kanmu and the legend of the view of the southern pond of the palace in Baekje capital of Buyo, these factors may have influenced the location of the Shinsen-en. Shinsen-en first appears in the historical record in Enryaku 19 (800), but it was used only irregularly as a location for banqueting during the reign of Kanmu. Emperor Kanmu conceived of preparing separate sites for each of the major ceremonies in the capital, but such a plan could only be put into practice after Kanmu's death. The preparation of the Shinsen-en as a royal garden was completed by the reigns of Heijo and Saga and served as the location of the ceremonies for the annual observances such as the Third of the Third month, the Seventh of the Seventh month, the Ninth of the Ninth and the Flower Banquet. The element common to all of these ceremonies was the inclusion of a banquet featuring the composition of Chinese verse. The early Heian period was characterized by the concept of bunsho keikoku 文章経国, the belief that literature had the power to assist in the operation and rule of the state, and the Shinsen-en served as the stage on which political culture of the period was played out. Emperor Kanmu sought an ideal capital that could represent the orthodoxy of his rule, and the Shinsen-en was the space created in the Heian-kyo to embody his will
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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