309 research outputs found
Advanced water purification technology. Examples of water treatment plants, and the integrated experiment plant.
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Основные аспекты развития внешней экономической деятельности корпорации Мицуи с 2000 года
No full textДанная работа посвящена одному из самых влиятельных конгломератов, а именно Мицуи. Главным образом в работе ведется речь о Mitsui & Co., Ltd., занимающей ведущее положение среди всех филиалов, принадлежащих группе компаний Мицуи. Она участвует в общем управлении и организации всей деятельности, работает в сферах: добычи, переработки и производства железа и стали, минеральных и металлургических ресурсов, производства машин и создания инфраструктуры, разработки химических веществ, энергетики, инноваций и корпоративного развития. Компания ведет свой бизнес в 7 основных географических направлениях: Северная, Центральная и Южная Америка, Европа, Россия и страны СНГ, Африка, Центральная Азия и Ближний Восток, Восточная и Юго-Восточная Азия, Океания. Имея настолько крупную сферу влияния в мировой экономике, Мицуи явилась ключевым аспектом, которому посвящена диссертация.
Первая глава посвящена краткому историческому очерку. В ней описано становление компании Мицуи с середины XVII в. С того времени как Такатоси Сокубэй, не имея никакого представления о предпринимательской деятельности, рискнул и променял военное дело на торговое. Также описаны основные изменения в организации и структуре компании, вызванные различными историческими событиями того времени. Но в основном внимание уделено XX в.
Вторая глава посвящена развитию внешней экономической деятельности в сфере индустриальных проектов, а именно области металлургии, минеральных ресурсов, химии и энергоресурсов и сфере продовольствия.
Для лучшего понимания и изучения вопроса исторического становления Мицуи автор использует работы российских японоведов и литературу зарубежных авторов. Особое внимание автор уделяет работе Jay P Pederson. «International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 28. Mitsui & Co., Ltd. History.».
В данной работе была предпринята попытка выявить особенности и характерные черты функционирования инвестиционной деятельности Mitsui&Co. с 2000-ого года, изложить ее основные аспекты развития и выделить основные географические направления, в которых она имеет определенную сферу влияния.This paper presents one of the most influential conglomerate, which name is Mitsui. It is mostly talked about Mitsui & Co., Ltd., which takes a leading place in the group of companies of Mitsui. It participates in the general management and the organization of all activity, works in next spheres: production, processing and production of iron and steel, mineral and metallurgical resources, production of cars and creation of infrastructure, development of chemicals, power, innovations and corporate development. The company makes the business in 7 main geographical directions: North, Central and South America, Europe, Russia and CIS countries, Africa, Central Asia and Middle East, East and Southeast Asia, Oceania. Having so large sphere of influence in world economy, Mitsui is the key aspect to which the thesis is devoted.
The first chapter is devoted to a short history of Mitsui house. The paper describes the formation of the company of Mitsui from the middle of the 17th century. Since that time when Takatoshi Sokubei had risked and exchanged military activity for trade without any idea of business. The main changes in the organization and structure of the company caused by various historical events of that time are also described. But generally the attention is paid 20th century.
The second chapter is devoted to the development of external economic activity in the sphere of industrial projects, namely the field of metallurgy, mineral resources, chemistry and energy resources and the sphere the food industry.
For the best understanding and studying of a question of historical formation of Mitsui the author uses works of the Russian Japanologists and literature of foreign authors. The author pays special attention to work of Jay P Pederson. "International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 28. Mitsui & Co., Ltd. History."
In this paper it has been made an attempt to reveal features and characteristic features of functioning of investment activity of Mitsui&Co. from 2000th year to state its main aspects of development and to allocate the main geographical directions in which she has a certain sphere of influence
Before main banks : a selective historical overview of Japan's prewar financialsystem
No full textThe postwar experience of the Japanese banking system has received considerable attention recently partly because conditions in defeated Japan in 1945 (including high inflation and the need to switch from a military to a civilian economy) are similar to those in transition economies today. Policymakers in transition economies can learn a good deal from the experiences of Japan's postwar financial system but should remember that Japan also experienced extraordinary industrial growth and financial institution building in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Lessons to be learned from that experience include the following: Business conglomerates that did not continue to depend on government patronage were more successful than others in making the transition to a modern industrial economy. Banks that made a conscious effort to reduce their dependence on central bank credit were more successful than those that did not. The establishment of procedures for punishing defaulting borrowers helped the development of the payments system. Limits on the amount of lending to related parties appear to have contributed to financial stability (and could have contributed more if the newer"zaibatsu"had been as prudent as the older ones). Bank bailouts without accompanying reform (such as those the Bank of Japan undertook in 1920 and 1922) probably increased the likelihood of a more serious crisis, such as that of 1927. Capital standards - the minimum capital requirements established in the 1927 law - were a viable means of encouraging bank consolidation and more prudent lending. The public financial system served as a buffer when the banking sector was downsized.Banks&Banking Reform,Payment Systems&Infrastructure,Financial Intermediation,Financial Crisis Management&Restructuring,Decentralization,Financial Intermediation,Financial Crisis Management&Restructuring,Municipal Financial Management,Banking Law,Banks&Banking Reform
History of Innovative Entrepreneurs in Japan
No full textThis is the first Open Access book introducing more than 20 of Japan’s leading innovative entrepreneurs from the 17th century to the present. The author outlines the innovative business models created by entrepreneurs including SoftBank’s Masayoshi Son, Fast Retailing (Uniqlo)’s Yanai Tadashi, Honda’s Soichiro Honda, Sony’s Akio Morita, Panasonic’s Konosuke Matsushita, and Toyota’s Kiichiro Toyoda, as well as their predecessors including Takatoshi Mitsui of Mitsui Zaibatsu, Shibusawa Eiichi of Daiichi Bank. While introducing the innovators, the author also raises three broader questions: 1. Why did Japan industrialize earlier than any other country outside Europe and the United States? 2. Why was Japan able to realize unsurpassed economic growth between the 1910s and the 1980s? 3. Why has Japan’s economy stagnated for more than 30 years since the 1990s? Drawing upon analytical concepts including Schumpeter’s breakthrough innovation, Kirzner’s incremental innovation, and Christensen’s disruptive innovation, the author contends that Japan’s successes were based on unique and systematic breakthrough innovation and an accumulation of incremental innovation, while it later fell victim to a combination of breakthrough innovation from advanced countries and disruptive innovation by developing nations
History of Innovative Entrepreneurs in Japan
No full textThis is the first Open Access book introducing more than 20 of Japan’s leading innovative entrepreneurs from the 17th century to the present. The author outlines the innovative business models created by entrepreneurs including SoftBank’s Masayoshi Son, Fast Retailing (Uniqlo)’s Yanai Tadashi, Honda’s Soichiro Honda, Sony’s Akio Morita, Panasonic’s Konosuke Matsushita, and Toyota’s Kiichiro Toyoda, as well as their predecessors including Takatoshi Mitsui of Mitsui Zaibatsu, Shibusawa Eiichi of Daiichi Bank. While introducing the innovators, the author also raises three broader questions: 1. Why did Japan industrialize earlier than any other country outside Europe and the United States? 2. Why was Japan able to realize unsurpassed economic growth between the 1910s and the 1980s? 3. Why has Japan’s economy stagnated for more than 30 years since the 1990s? Drawing upon analytical concepts including Schumpeter’s breakthrough innovation, Kirzner’s incremental innovation, and Christensen’s disruptive innovation, the author contends that Japan’s successes were based on unique and systematic breakthrough innovation and an accumulation of incremental innovation, while it later fell victim to a combination of breakthrough innovation from advanced countries and disruptive innovation by developing nations
Accelerated pacific plate subduction following interplate thrust earthquakes at the Japan trench
No full textInterplate thrust earthquakes are usually followed by afterslips, and they let the fore-arc move slowly trenchward. However, we do not know if the subducting oceanic plate is accelerated landward after such earthquakes. The westward velocity of Global Positioning System (GPS) stations in NE Japan show gradient decreasing from east to west reflecting the E-W contractional strain built up by the inter-plate coupling. Here we show that such coupling significantly enhanced (∼1.5 times) after the 2003 Tokachi-Oki earthquake (Mw 8.0), Hokkaido, in the segments adjacent to the ruptured fault. The coupling seems to be further enhanced (∼3 times) after the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake (Mw 9.0). It is unlikely that interplate friction suddenly increased over such a large region, and relatively strong pre-2003 coupling there would not allow such enhancements even if full coupling is attained. Hence they are attributable to the temporary acceleration of the Pacific Plate subduction. We propose a simple 2-dimensional model in which down-dip acceleration of the slab let the force balance rapidly recover promoted by a thin low-viscosity layer on the slab surface. The accelerated subduction would account for temporary activations of regional interplate seismicity after megathrust earthquakes
Effects of atrial natriuretic Peptide after prolonged hypothermic storage of the isolated rat heart
No full textPrimary graft failure (PGF) caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the strongest determinant of perioperative mortality after heart transplantation. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has been found to reduce the IRI of cardiomyocytes and may be beneficial in alleviating PGF after heart transplantation, although there is a lack of evidence to support this issue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cardioprotective effects of ANP after prolonged hypothermic storage. For this purpose, an isolated working-heart rat model was used. After the preparation, the hearts were arrested with and stored in an extracellular-based cardioplegic solution at 3-4°C for 6 h and followed by 25 min of reperfusion. The hearts were divided into four groups (n = 7 in each group) according to the timing of ANP administration: Group 1 (in perfusate before storage), Group 2 (in cardioplegia), Group 3 (in reperfusate), and control (no administration of ANP). Left ventricular functional recovery and the incidence of ventricular fibrillation (VF) were compared. ANP administration at the time of reperfusion improved the percent recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (control, 45.5 ± 10.2; Group 1, 47.4 ± 8.8; Group 2, 45.3 ± 12 vs. Group 3, 76.3 ± 7; P < 0.05) and maximum first derivative of the left ventricular pressure (control, 47.9 ± 8.7; Group 1, 46.7 ± 8.8; Group 2, 49.6 ± 10.8 vs. Group 3, 76.6 ± 7.5; P < 0.05). The incidence of VF after reperfusion did not differ significantly among these four groups (71.4, 85.7, 57.1, and 85.7% in Groups 1, 2, 3, and control, respectively). This result suggests that the administration of ANP at the time of reperfusion may have the potential to decrease the incidence of PGF after heart transplantation
Influence of Roentgen-Rays on the Tissue Respiration and the glycolytic action in Carcinoma of the Cervix
No full textThe author estimated by Warburg's manometer, the tissue metabolism of normal (10 cases) and carcinomatus (73 cases) patients who were hospitalized in Okayama University Hospital. The influence of Roentgenrays on cancer tissue was also studied after irradiating (900r, 1800r 2700r and 3600r each) on them, and the relation between its clinical or histological findings and cancer tissue metabolism rate or metabolic X-ray sensitivity. Following results were obtained: 1) Tissue metabolism of the normal cervix is relatively high in the respiration rate, but low in the glycolytic action. 2) Tissue metabolism of non-treated uterine cancer is slightly higher in the respiration rate and notably higher in the glycolysis, comparing to those of the normal uterine tissue. 3) Influence of X-rays on the cancer tissue metabolism: the respiration rate is markedly suppressed and becomes lower than that of the normal tissue by the irradiation described above, and the glycolytic action is not suppressed by the irradiation of 900 r, but is suppres sed, not less than the rate of the normal tissue, by irradiation of over 1800 r. 4) Relation between the non-treated cancer tissue metabolisn and its clinial and histological findigs. The metabolism rates increase in following cases; advanced cases classified clinically, I type in Nagase's classification, cases after menopause and large -tumor-bearing group. 5) Relation between the metabolic X-ray sensitivity and the clinical and histological findings: In creases of X-ray sensitivity are observed in following cases; younger age group, Ⅳ-Ⅵ type in Mandelstamm's method, cases schowing intersive changes in the tissue and increasing T.P.T-positive cells, and spinous-cell group in Martzloff's classification. 6) Metabolism suppressing rate, i.e. metabolic X-ray sensitivity is closely related to the histomorphological findings, and is thought to be one of the important methods to determine the X-ray sensitivity
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