1,721,069 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
<Articles>The Rice Crop and the Cotton Industry in the Huguang 湖広 Provinces in the Qing Dynasty
No full text個人情報保護のため削除部分あり「湖広熟すれば天下足る」の諺が示すように、清代の湖面地方は、長江下流へ湖広米を供給する天下の穀倉として知られていた。しかし湖広の米穀生産力は、長江下流と比較すればかなりの低水準にあった。湖南の大部分の地域は、有機質に乏しい強酸性土壌に覆われ、農作物の栽培に適さなかった。一方、洞庭湖周辺から湖北に亘る低平地には、肥沃ではあるが排水困難な湿田が広がっており、田植えや除草を必要としない、高地より更に不安定で粗放な水稲作が展開していた。農業経営の安定化は、湖南では河谷平地の酸土改良に、湖北では高地の田での棉作・棉紡織業に求められた。湖北の棉業は、農村家内副業であったが、余剰棉布を湖南・四川など棉業が盛んでない内陸諸省へ移出していた。清代の湖広は、総体的には米穀供給地として位置付けられるが、内部ではローカルな地域間分業が開始されていたと言える。The saying "If the crop is abundant in the Huguang provinces, the provisions will suffice for all of China" suggests that, in the Qing Dynasty, the Huguang ptovinces were known as the national granary supplying rice to the lower reaches of the Yantze River. But the production level of rice in the Huguang provinces was much lower than that of the lower reaches of the Yantze River. The greater part of Hunan 湖南 province was covered by high acid soil, that is soil poor in organic matter, and it was inappropriate for cultivation. On the other hand, in the low lands, from the area of Dongting 洞庭 Lake to Hubei 湖北 province, rice paddies that were fertile but difficult to drain were widespread. Extensive rice cropping was carried out with no need for rice-transplantating or weeding, but the crop was much more unstable than in the high lands. To stabilize the management of agriculture, in Hunan, improvement of the acid soil of the vallays was carried out, and in Hubei cotton cropping and cotton spinning were carried out. The cotton industry of Hubei was rural domestic industry, but the surplus cloth was exported to the inner provinces such as Human or Sichuan 四川 where the cotton industry did not flourish. In the Qing Dynasty, generally speaking, the Huguang provinces held a position as a rice surplus producing area, but within the area, local specialization had started
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
<Articles>The Reform of Public Finance in Hubei and Hunan during the late Qing Period
No full text個人情報保護のため削除部分あり清代の財政制度は、戸部が徴税勲賞に基づいて徴収する国家財政と、州県が地方行政経費を民間より慣習的に徴収する不正規財政との二重構造を形成していた。一九世紀以降、正項銭糧の減少と地方的徴収の肥大により国家財政が逼迫すると、各省督撫は、釐金や捐輸などの商業課税を正規財政に組み込むとともに、胥吏衙役の陋規需索・上級衙門への規礼饋送体系を解体するという財政改革を断行した。湖北・湖南を例に財政改革の成果を検証すると、湖北では、咸豊期に、釐金・牙帖捐の導入により国家財政を再建させるとともに、漕糧の定額銭納化により地方的微収を大幅に整理した。しかし湖南では、牙行の衰退により商業課税は困難であり、咸豊期の銭漕改革も一部の州県でしか実施されなかった。更に、光緒初の陋規需索・規礼饋送禁止も不徹底に終わった。長江流域を通観すれば、商品生産の展開した江南・湖北、次いで四川が財政改革に成功したのに対し、主穀供給地域の湖南や江西では改革は不振であった。In the Qing Period the financial system was centralised and local raising of finance was not permitted by the central government. The result was a dual system of tax collection : regularised tax collection conducted by central government, and unregularised raising of revenue by local governments to cover the costs of local administration. In the 19th century public finances experienced difficulties owing to decreases in regular tax revenues and increases in irregular local levies. The dufu 督撫 (chief local government officers)attempted a reform of public finance by introducing commercial taxes as lijin 釐金 and jianshu 捐輸 , and by seeking to prevent local government officers from collecting lougui 陋規 (fees) and offering guili 規礼 (bribes) to high-ranking officials. As a result, in Hubei 湖北 in the Xianfeng 咸豊 period public finances were restored by the addition of lijin and yatie-jian 牙帖捐 (a business tax on brokers), and by the adjustment of local government costs by fixing the amount of caoliang 漕糧. However, in Hunan 湖南 it was difficult to impose taxes on trade because of the weakness of the brokers, and in only some provinces were the dufu able to enforce the amount of diding 地丁 and caoliang during the Xianfeng period. In the early part of the Guangxu 光緒 period there was a further attempt to prohibit the collecting of lougui and offering of guili but this was not enforced sufficiently. In the Changjiang 長江 Valley, Jiangnan 江南, Hubei and Sichuan 四川 where the production of manufactured goods developed, public finances were successfully reformed. In mainly rice producing areas such as Hunan and Jiangxi 江西 such reform attempts were not successful
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