83 research outputs found
Dr. Glendon Swarthout
No full textHosted by Roger M. Busfield, MSU Assistant Professor of Speech and Theater, Meet the Author is designed to introduce a general audience to a contemporary author and their work through in-depth interviews. This episode features a conversation between Dr. Glendon Swarthout, prolific author and English professor at MSU, and assistant professors Sam S. Baskett and Theodore B. Strandness
Signal sequence analysis of expressed sequence tags from the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and the evolution of secreted proteins in parasites
No full textParasitism is a highly successful mode of life and one that requires suites of gene adaptations to permit survival within a potentially hostile host. Among such adaptations is the secretion of proteins capable of modifying or manipulating the host environment. Nippostrongylus brasiliensis is a well-studied model nematode parasite of rodents, which secretes products known to modulate host immunity
Discrimination in Online Platforms: A Comparative Law Approach to Design, Intermediation and Data Challenges
No full textThis doctoral thesis is at the intersection of law and technology by focusing on the ethical governance of private companies on the topic of discrimination. It centers on algorithmic and intentional discrimination. It aimed to determine whether the European Union and Federal USA law are equipped to address discrimination in the provision of work, goods, and services online. Through and extensive analyses of sources that included private company practices, private anti-discrimination policies, collective and private litigation, court decisions, public regulation at the EU, Member State levels, and United States, this thesis argued that statutory law and legal precedents in the European Union and United States are only partially equipped to address discrimination against statutorily protected classes. The author of this thesis inferred from the selected sources that the main obstacles to the full implementation of the equality principle rely on businesses' structural challenges, including aesthetic design, matching tools, evaluation systems, and network effect of online platforms that ultimately reinforce old biases against protected classes. Furthermore, rigid and more flexible regimes of liability immunities to online intermediaries results in the lack of incentive for structural changes. Finally, in the light of these structural challenges, this thesis asserts that the fight against discrimination in online platforms might produce the best results when also oriented by a model of regulation that encourages online platforms to implement the principle of transparency and fairness in their interactions with users, coupled with the cooperation of anti-discrimination bodies and private businesses.Doctorat en Sciences juridiquesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe
IL-6 controls susceptibility to helminth infection by impeding Th2 responsiveness and altering the Treg phenotype in vivo
No full textIL-6 plays a pivotal role in favoring T-cell commitment toward a Th17 cell rather than Treg-cell phenotype, as established through in vitro model systems. We predicted that in the absence of IL-6, mice infected with the gastrointestinal helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus would show reduced Th17-cell responses, but also enhanced Treg-cell activity and consequently greater susceptibility. Surprisingly, worm expulsion was markedly potentiated in IL-6-deficient mice, with significantly stronger adaptive Th2 responses in both IL-6(-/-) mice and BALB/c recipients of neutralizing anti-IL-6 monoclonal Ab. Although IL-6-deficient mice showed lower steady-state Th17-cell levels, IL-6-independent Th17-cell responses occurred during in vivo infection. We excluded the Th17 response as a factor in protection, as Ab neutralization did not modify immunity to H. polygyrus infection in BALB/c mice. Resistance did correlate with significant changes to the associated Treg-cell phenotype however, as IL-6-deficient mice displayed reduced expression of Foxp3, Helios, and GATA-3, and enhanced production of cytokines within the Treg-cell population. Administration of an anti-IL-2:IL-2 complex boosted Treg-cell proportions in vivo, reduced adaptive Th2 responses to WT levels, and fully restored susceptibility to H. polygyrus in IL-6-deficient mice. Thus, in vivo, IL-6 limits the Th2 response, modifies the Treg-cell phenotype, and promotes host susceptibility following helminth infection
Differential recognition patterns of Schistosoma haematobium adult worm antigens by the human antibodies IgA, IgE, IgG1 and IgG4
No full textAbstract Schistosoma haematobium antigen recognition profiles of the human isotypes IgA, IgE, IgG1 and IgG4 were compared by image analysis of western blots. Adult worm antigens separated by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis were probed with pooled sera from Zimbabweans resident in a S. haematobium endemic area, followed by identification of individual antigenic parasite proteins using mass spectrometry. Overall, IgG1 reacted with the largest number of antigens, followed by IgE and IgA which detected the same number, while IgG4 detected the fewest antigens. IgE recognised all the antigens reactive with IgG4 as well as an additional four antigens; an isoform of 28kDaGST, phosphoglycerate kinase, actin 1 and calreticulin. IgG1 additionally recognised fatty acid binding protein, triose-phosphate isomerase, and heat shock protein 70, which were not recognised by IgA. Recognition patterns varied between some isoforms e.g. the 2 fructose 1-6-bis-phosphate aldolase isoforms differentially recognised by IgA and IgG1. Although the majority of S. haematobium adult worm antigens are recognised by all the four isotypes there are clear restrictions in antibody recognition for some antigens. This may partly explain differences observed in isotype dynamics at a population level. Differential recognition patterns for some isoforms indicated in the study have potential importance for vaccine developmen
Long-term cisplatin nephrotoxicity after childhood cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textAbstract
Background
Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug commonly used in the treatment of many childhood solid malignancies. It is known to cause long-term nephrotoxicity, most commonly manifesting as reduced glomerular filtration rate and hypomagnesaemia. Existing literature regarding the epidemiology of long-term nephrotoxicity in childhood cancer describes large variation in prevalence and risk factors.
Objectives
This study is to evaluate the prevalence of, and risk factors for, long-term cisplatin nephrotoxicity after treatment for childhood cancer.
Study eligibility criteria
Studies were eligible for inclusion if they: (i) evaluated participants treated with cisplatin who were diagnosed with cancer < 18 years of age; (ii) investigated any author-defined measure of nephrotoxicity; and (iii) performed this evaluation 3 or more months after cisplatin cessation. Studies whose scope was broader than this were included if appropriate subgroup analysis was performed.
Results
Prevalence of reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ranged between 5.9 and 48.1%. Pooled prevalence of reduced GFR using studies with a modern consensus threshold of 90 ml/min/1.73 m2 was 29% (95% CI 0.0–58%). Prevalence of hypomagnesaemia ranged between 8.0 and 71.4%. Pooled prevalence of hypomagnesaemia was 37% (95% CI 22–51%). Substantial heterogeneity was present, with I2 statistics of 94% and 73% for reduced GFR and hypomagnesaemia respectively. All large, long-term follow-up studies described increased risk of reduced GFR with increasing cumulative cisplatin dose. Included studies varied as to whether cisplatin was a risk factor for proteinuria, and whether age was a risk factor for cisplatin nephrotoxicity.
Limitations
A wide range of study methodologies were noted which impeded analysis. No studies yielded data from developing health-care settings. No non-English studies were included, further limiting generalisability.
Conclusions
Both of the most common manifestations of long-term cisplatin nephrotoxicity have a prevalence of approximately a third, with increasing cumulative dose conferring increased risk of nephrotoxicity. Further work is needed to characterise the relationship between reduced GFR and hypomagnesaemia, investigate other risk factors and understand the interindividual variation in susceptibility to nephrotoxicity.
</jats:sec
Genetic interactions indicate a role for Mdg1p and the SH3 domain protein Bem1p in linking the G-protein mediated yeast pheromone signalling pathway to regulators of cell polarity
No full textNRC publication: Ye
Epidemiological interactions between urogenital and intestinal human schistosomiasis in the context of praziquantel treatment across three West African countries
No full text© 2015 Knowles et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The attached file is the published version of the article.NHM Repositor
Molecular characterization of SIG1, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene involved in negative regulation of G-protein-mediated signal transduction
No full textNRC publication: Ye
- …
