4 research outputs found
The ability of bipolaris sorokiniana isolated from spring barley leaves to survive in plant residuals of different crops
No full textSpring barley is an important high-value crop globally. However, it is highly susceptible to soil-borne diseases in Kazakhstan and the world. Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker is the most important soil-borne pathogen that causes root rot and spot blotch diseases in cereal crops. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of B. sorokiniana isolated from spring barley leaves to survive in plant residuals of different crops. The fungus was isolated from spring barley leaves from the Zholbarys agro farm of Kerbylak district of Almaty, southeastern Kazakhstan, in 2021. Laboratory experiments were conducted at Kazakh National Agrarian Research University. The study was conducted on 10th days of seedlings of cereal, legume, and oilseed crops. The obtained results showed that seedlings of spring barley, spring wheat, and oats retained the B. sorokiniana infection. Interestingly, the infection of B. sorokiniana isolated from leaves of spring barley statistically significantly increased symptoms of spot blotch on spring wheat and spring barley seedlings, while symptoms decreased on oats (P-value <0.01). The introduction of rapeseed, chickpeas, peas, and oats into the crop rotation system in southeastern Kazakhstan could limit the volume of the B. sorokiniana infection in spring wheat and spring barley. On rapeseed, peas, and chickpeas seedlings no symptoms of spot blotch were observed (P-value <0.01).279-28
Occurrence of Spot Blotch in Spring Barley Caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoem. in South-Eastern Kazakhstan
No full textIn Kazakhstan, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is the second most important cereal crop after wheat, with an annual production of approximately 1.9 million tons. The study aimed to characterize Bipolaris sorokiniana isolates obtained from barley fields surveyed. A total of 21 diseased leaves showing spot blotch symptoms were collected from experimental plots located close to the Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Crop Production, where the spring barley Arna cultivar was planted in June 2020. The overall strategy for control of spring barley blotch in the Almaty region of Kazakhstan should include the determination of the aggressiveness of the pathogen isolates to better understand the biology of the diseases and ultimately proper control strategy. Pathogenicity of B. sorokiniana isolates was made on barley seedlings in vitro. Inoculated seedlings showed clear symptoms of B. sorokiniana, and therefore, Koch's postulates were fulfilled by reisolating the pathogen from artificially inoculated seedlings and identifying it based on standard morphology criteria. Further investigation is needed to understand the impact of B. sorokiniana on barley production in Kazakhstan
Identification and management of Bipolaris sorokiniana in wheat and barley in Southeast Kazakhstan
No full textWheat and barley serve as significant nutrient-rich staples that are extensively grown on a global scale, spanning over 219 million hectares. The annual combined global yield is 760.9 million tons, with Kazakhstan contributing 14.3 million tons of wheat and 3.83 million tons of barley to this total. The productivity of grain crops has declined annually due to fungal disease, especially root and crown rot caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium spp. Research has focused on pinpointing the pathogens responsible for common root rot in various types of wheat and barley grown in Southeast Kazakhstan. The main goal was to examine the efficacy of certain chemical and biological substances in safeguarding barley seedlings during the early growth stage against root rot root rot. Moreover, this study sought to gauge their effects on seed quality by examining aspects such as germination rates, the colonization of seeds by particular fungal pathogens, and the overall vitality of seeds and seedlings. Visual inspection of the plants revealed that the prevalence of B. sorokiniana was an average of 51.8%, and that of Fusarium species was 58.6%. Three isolates were obtained from the roots of the winter wheat promising line 231, three from the spring wheat roots of the Kazakh variety 10, four from the winter wheat variety Steklovidnaya variety 24, fourteen from the spring barley variety Symbat, and fourteen from the winter barley variety Aidyn variety 2. The external spread of common root rot on spring wheat and spring barley varieties reached 50% and 53%, respectively. Promising line 231 of winter wheat and variety Kazakh 10 of spring barley were affected by the disease by 60%, whereas the winter wheat Steklovidnaya 24 was impacted by 67%. Molecular analysis of B. sorokiniana isolates via species-specific primers (COSA_F/COSA_R) from infected plant tissues confirmed their identification. Koch postulates were fulfilled for B. sorokiniana isolates Kz 48, 60, and 82 on Steklovidnaya 24 winter wheat and Symbat spring barley varieties. Biological products such as Phytosporin-M and Sporobacterin-Rassada significantly reduced the level of fungal infection, confirming their potential as environmentally safe plant protection agents.O trigo e a cevada são alimentos básicos ricos em nutrientes, cultivados extensivamente em escala global, abrangendo mais de 219 milhões de hectares. A produção global combinada anual é de 760,9 milhões de toneladas, com o Cazaquistão contribuindo com 14,3 milhões de toneladas de trigo e 3,83 milhões de toneladas de cevada para esse total. A produtividade das culturas de grãos diminui anualmente devido a doenças fúngicas, especialmente podridões de raízes e copas causadas por Bipolaris sorokiniana e Fusarium spp. A pesquisa se concentrou em identificar os patógenos responsáveis pela podridão radicular comum em vários tipos de trigo e cevada cultivados no sudeste do Cazaquistão. O objetivo principal era examinar a eficácia de certas substâncias químicas e biológicas na proteção das mudas de cevada durante o estágio inicial de crescimento contra a podridão das raízes. Além disso, o estudo procurou avaliar os seus efeitos na qualidade das sementes, examinando aspectos como as taxas de germinação, a colonização das sementes por determinados fungos patogênicos e a vitalidade geral das sementes e mudas. A inspeção visual das plantas indicou prevalência média de B. sorokiniana de 51,8% e de espécies de Fusarium de 58,6%. Três isolados foram obtidos a partir de raízes da linha promissora de trigo de inverno 231, e três de raízes de trigo de primavera da variedade cazaque 10, quatro de trigo de inverno variedade Steklovidnaya 24, quatorze de cevada de primavera variedade Symbat e quatorze de cevada de inverno variedade Aidyn 2. A disseminação externa da da podridão radicular comum nas variedades de trigo de primavera e cevada de primavera foi de 50% e 53%, respectivamente. A linha promissora 231 de trigo de inverno e a variedade cazaque10 de cevada de primavera foram afetadas pela doença em 60% das unidades, enquanto o trigo de inverno Steklovidnaya 24 foi afetado em 67% das unidades. A análise molecular de isolados de B. sorokiniana, utilizando primers específicos da espécie (COSA_F/COSA_R) de tecidos vegetais infectados, confirmou sua identificação. Os postulados de Koch foram cumpridos para os isolados de B. sorokiniana Kz 48, 60 e 82 em variedades de trigo de inverno Steklovidnaya 24 e cevada de primavera Symbat. Produtos biológicos como Fitosporin-M e Sporobacterin-Rassada reduziram significativamente o nível de infecção fúngica, confirmando seu potencial como agentes de proteção de plantas ambientalmente seguros
Identification and management of Bipolaris sorokiniana in wheat and barley in Southeast Kazakhstan
No full textAbstract Wheat and barley serve as significant nutrient-rich staples that are extensively grown on a global scale, spanning over 219 million hectares. The annual combined global yield is 760.9 million tons, with Kazakhstan contributing 14.3 million tons of wheat and 3.83 million tons of barley to this total. The productivity of grain crops has declined annually due to fungal disease, especially root and crown rot caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium spp. Research has focused on pinpointing the pathogens responsible for common root rot in various types of wheat and barley grown in Southeast Kazakhstan. The main goal was to examine the efficacy of certain chemical and biological substances in safeguarding barley seedlings during the early growth stage against root rot root rot. Moreover, this study sought to gauge their effects on seed quality by examining aspects such as germination rates, the colonization of seeds by particular fungal pathogens, and the overall vitality of seeds and seedlings. Visual inspection of the plants revealed that the prevalence of B. sorokiniana was an average of 51.8%, and that of Fusarium species was 58.6%. Three isolates were obtained from the roots of the winter wheat promising line 231, three from the spring wheat roots of the Kazakh variety 10, four from the winter wheat variety Steklovidnaya variety 24, fourteen from the spring barley variety Symbat, and fourteen from the winter barley variety Aidyn variety 2. The external spread of common root rot on spring wheat and spring barley varieties reached 50% and 53%, respectively. Promising line 231 of winter wheat and variety Kazakh 10 of spring barley were affected by the disease by 60%, whereas the winter wheat Steklovidnaya 24 was impacted by 67%. Molecular analysis of B. sorokiniana isolates via species-specific primers (COSA_F/COSA_R) from infected plant tissues confirmed their identification. Koch postulates were fulfilled for B. sorokiniana isolates Kz 48, 60, and 82 on Steklovidnaya 24 winter wheat and Symbat spring barley varieties. Biological products such as Phytosporin-M and Sporobacterin-Rassada significantly reduced the level of fungal infection, confirming their potential as environmentally safe plant protection agents
