19,301 research outputs found
Multiple functions of LIM domain-binding CLIM/NLI/Ldb cofactors during zebrafish development
No full textThe crucial involvement of CLIM/NLI/Ldb cofactors for the exertion of the biological activity of LIM homeodomain transcription factors (LIM-HD) has been demonstrated. In this paper we show that CLIM cofactors are widely expressed during zebrafish development with high protein levels in specific neuronal cell types where LIM-HD proteins of the Isl class are synthesized. The overexpression of a dominant-negative CLIM molecule (DN-CLIM) that contains the LIM interaction domain (LID) during early developmental stages of zebrafish embryos results in an impairment of eye and midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB) development and disturbances in the formation of the anterior midline. On a cellular level we show that the outgrowth of peripheral but not central axons from Rohon Beard (RB) and trigeminal sensory neurons is inhibited by DN-CLIM overexpression. We demonstrate a further critical role of CLIM cofactors for axonal outgrowth of motor neurons. Additionally, DN-CLIM overexpression causes an increase of Isl-protein expression levels in specific neuronal cell types, likely due to a protection of the DN-CLIM/LIM-HD complex from proteasomal degradation. Our results demonstrate multiple roles of the CLIM cofactor family for the development of entire organs, axonal outgrowth of specific neurons and protein expression levels
A comment on "Intergenerational equity: sup, inf, lim sup, and lim inf"
No full textWe reexamine the analysis of Chambers (Social Choice and Welfare, 2009), that produces a characterization of a family of social welfare functions in the context of intergenerational equity: namely, those that coincide with either the sup, inf, lim sup, or lim inf rule. Reinforcement, ordinal covariance, and monotonicity jointly identify such class of rules. We show that the addition of a suitable axiom to this three properties permits to characterize each particular rule. A discussion of the respective distinctive properties is provided.Social welfare function; Intergenerational equity; Lim sup ; Lim inf
Four and a half LIM protein 1C (FHL1C)
No full textFour-and-a-half LIM domain protein 1 isoform A (FHL1A) is predominantly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Mutations in the FHL1 gene are causative for several types of hereditary myopathies including X-linked myopathy with postural muscle atrophy (XMPMA). We here studied myoblasts from XMPMA patients. We found that functional FHL1A protein is completely absent in patient myoblasts. In parallel, expression of FHL1C is either unaffected or increased. Furthermore, a decreased proliferation rate of XMPMA myoblasts compared to controls was observed but an increased number of XMPMA myoblasts was found in the G(0)/G(1) phase. Furthermore, low expression of K(v1.5), a voltage-gated potassium channel known to alter myoblast proliferation during the G(1) phase and to control repolarization of action potential, was detected. In order to substantiate a possible relation between K(v1.5) and FHL1C, a pull-down assay was performed. A physical and direct interaction of both proteins was observed in vitro. In addition, confocal microscopy revealed substantial colocalization of FHL1C and K(v1.5) within atrial cells, supporting a possible interaction between both proteins in vivo. Two-electrode voltage clamp experiments demonstrated that coexpression of K(v1.5) with FHL1C in Xenopus laevis oocytes markedly reduced K(+) currents when compared to oocytes expressing K(v1.5) only. We here present the first evidence on a biological relevance of FHL1C
The influence of high-intensity exercise training on the W(lim)-T(lim) relationship
No full textWhen exercise to exhaustion is performed using at least two different intensities, work to fatigue (W(lim)) can be expressed as a linear function of time to fatigue (T(lim)). Whereas the slope of this function is related to endurance ability, the y-intercept is associated with the potential to perform high intensity interval exercise. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the influence of 8-wk intermittent high-intensity exercise training on the y-intercept derived from the W(lim)-T(lim) relationship. Eight healthy, untrained male students (19.1 +/- 0.6 yr) completed five 60-s bouts of maximal exercise on the cycle ergometer, three times a week, for 8 wk. Seven controls avoided regular activity for the same period. Prior to and immediately following the training period, the W(lim)-T(lim) relationship, VO2max, and total work completed in five 60-s exercise bouts on the cycle ergometer were determined. Correlational analysis established relationships between the y-intercept and total work accomplished in the interval test pre- (r = 0.90; P < 0.01; N = 15) and post-training (r = 0.92; P < 0.0 1; N = 15), confirming that the y-intercept is related to the ability to perform exercise of this nature. Moreover, the ''anaerobic'' energy yield, calculated from total work and oxygen consumed during the interval exercise, was also related to the y-intercept (r = 0.78; P < 0.01). Interval training significantly increased both the y-intercept (P = 0.0015) and total work accomplished in the interval test (P = 0.001), while the slope of the W(lim)-T(lim) relationship (critical power) remained unchanged. Changes in the y-intercept were correlated to changes in total work accomplished (r = 0.85; P < 0.01). Furthermore, peak post-exercise plasma lactate concentration resulting from the interval task increased from 12.2 +/- 1.6 to 16.3 +/- 0.9 mmol.-1 (P = 0.003), while oxygen consumed during this exercise demand was not significantly changed with training (P = 0. 166). The present study has demonstrated that not only does the y-intercept of the W(lim)-T(lim) relationship provide a measure of the ability to undertake repeated bouts of maximal, high intensity exercise, but that this particular characteristic is also responsive to exhaustive interval training
cDNA cloning and mRNA expression of LIM protein gene homologue from the silkworm, Bombyx mori
No full textLIM protein cDNA, from Bombyx mori that contains an open reading frame of 622 bp encoding 94 amino acids, was identified and characterized. The B. mori LIM protein homologue is classified into group 2 LIM proteins that contain glycine-rich LIM domain. B. mori LIM protein mRNA is up-regulated at late embryogenesis and detected in the mid-gut of 5th instar larvae.open
Introduction: Pedagogy, Education and Innovation in Virtual Worlds
No full textIntroductionPedagogy, Education and Innovation in Virtual WorldsGuest Editors:Leslie Jarmon, University of Texas at Austin;Kenneth Y. T. Lim, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;B. Stephen Carpenter, II, Texas A&M University
Goniozus mesolevis Lim, sp. nov.
No full textGoniozus mesolevis Lim, sp. nov. (Figs 25–32) Type materials. Holotype. KOREA: JN: Ƥ, Pungsan, Dado, Naju, MT, 30.viii– 9.ix. 2005, S. B. Yu leg (KFRI). Paratypes. KOREA: Seoul: Ƥ, Cheongyangri, Dongdaemun, MT, 12–20.ix. 2005, D. P. Lyu leg. (KFRI). GG: Ƥ, Gwanak arboretum, Manan, Anyang, MT, 31 viii– 14.ix. 2007, J. O. Lim leg. (SNU). GW: Ƥ, Jinae, Dong, Chuncheon, MT, 2–10.vii. 2005, S. J. Jang leg. (KFRI); Ƥ, ditto, MT, 16–30.vi. 2006, S. J. Jang leg. (SNU); Ƥ, ditto, MT, 31.vii– 12.viii. 2007, S. J. Jang leg. (KFRI). CN: Ƥ, Donam, Banpo, Gongju, MT, 2–9.viii. 2005, Y. T. Kim leg. (KFRI); 2 Ƥ, ditto, MT, 23–29.vii. 2007, Y. T. Kim leg. (KFRI). GB: Ƥ, Namsa, Hyeongok, Kyeongju, MT, 11–18.viii. 2005, J. T. Kim leg. (SNU); 2 Ƥ, ditto, MT, 25.viii– 2.ix. 2005, J. T. Kim leg. (SNU); Ƥ, ditto, MT, 30.vi– 14.vii. 2005, J. T. Kim leg. (SNU). GN: 5 Ƥ, Dapcheon, Ibanseong, Jinju, MT, 12–26.ix. 2005, B. G. Ahn leg. (KFRI); 2 Ƥ, ditto, MT, 29.viii– 12.ix. 2005, B. G. Ahn leg. (KFRI); 2 Ƥ, ditto, MT, 11–28.vi. 2007, B. G. Ahn leg. (KFRI). JB: Ƥ, Majeong, Buk, Jeongeub, MT, 12–19.vii. 2005, J. W. Park leg. (KFRI); 4 Ƥ, ditto, MT, 19–26.vii. 2005, J. W. Park leg. (KFRI); 3 Ƥ, ditto, MT, 20–27.ix. 2005, J. W. Park leg. (KFRI); Ƥ, ditto, MT, 2–9.viii. 2005, J. W. Park leg. (KFRI); Ƥ, ditto, MT, 5–12.vii. 2005, J. W. Park leg. (KFRI). JN: Ƥ, Pungsan, Dado, Naju, MT, 25.vii– 8.viii. 2005, S. B. Yu leg. (KFRI); Ƥ, ditto, MT, 8–16.viii. 2005, S. B. Yu leg. (KFRI); 9 Ƥ, ditto, MT, 9–30.ix. 2005, S. B. Yu leg. (KFRI); Ƥ, ditto, MT, 25–31.viii. 2007, S. B. Yu leg. (KFRI). Diagnosis. This species species is similar to G. kusigematii Terayama, 1999 from Japan by having basal triangle area on propodeal disc absent, by longitudinal smooth area which get wide distally on propodeal disc, but can be easily distinguished from it by mandible black (yellow in G. k u s i g e m a t i i), by compound eye with short hairs (compound eye without hairs in G. kusigematii), by transverse carina on propodeal disc present only postero-lateral corner (transverse carina complete in G. k u s i g e m a t i i). Description. FEMALE (holotype). Body length 3.7 mm long. LFW 2.0 mm. Color. Head: mandible black, antenna yellow except flagellomere 5 to 11 and dorsal surface of basal half of scape castaenous. Mesosoma: black; fore wing subhyaline, veins pale castaneous; legs castaenous except coxa, tibia and tarsi yellow; tarsal claw dark castaenous. Metasoma: dark castaneous except distal surface of terga 2 to terminal pale castaenous. Head (Figs 26–28): 1.0 × as long as wide, coriaceous; lateral margin convex, posterior margin straight, postero-lateral corner forming round angle in dorsal view; lateral surface smooth and polished. Mandible with four minute teeth. Clypeus well-developed, frontal angle right; fronto-clypeal median longitudinal carina weakly developed, exceeding antennal socket. First antennal segment in ratio of 2.4: 1.1: 1.0: 1.2: 1.1 in length; from scape to flagellomere 3 and 11 2.2, 1.4, 1.4, 1.3, 1.5 and 2.0 × as long as wide, Frons and vertex coriaceous with sub-erect and relatively dense punctures, aparted from each other by 1.0–2.0 × as wide as their maximum diameter. WF 1.3 × LE, WF 0.7 × WH. Compound eye 0.35 mm long with short erect hairs. LE 1.6 × OOL, WF 1.9 × WOT. Frontal angle of ocellar triangle obtuse, POL 2.3 × AOL, OOL 0.9 × WOT. Vertex coriaceous with four long hairs on occipital margin. Mesosoma (Figs 29–31): Pronotum coriaceous, 0.6 × as long as wide with sparse hairs, antero-lateral corner obtuse. Mesoscutum coriaceous; notauli absent; parapsidal furrows thin and anteriorly divergent. Scutellum polish and coriaceous with sparse small punctures; scutellar pit elliptical, oblique and connected by 3.8 × as wide as their maximum diameter. Propodeal disc 0.5 × as long as wide, lateral carina complete, transverse carina present only postero-lateral corner; disc coriaceous except median longitudinal smooth surface, distally broaden in dorsal view; declivity coriaceous with complete marginal carina; lateral surface coriaceous. Fore wing with hairs and closed areolet; radial vein roundly curved; pterostigma 0.18 mm long; metacarpo absent. Metasoma (Fig. 32): Tergite 1 smooth and polished without fine punctures and microreticulation. Terga 2–4 smooth and polished with very fine and few punctures and sparse hairs on lateral surface. Terga 5 to terminal with sparse hairs on distal surface. MALE. Unknown. Distribution. Korea (CN, GB, GG, GN, GW, JB, JN, Seoul).Published as part of Lim, Jongok & Lee, Seunghwan, 2012, Review of Goniozus Förster, 1856 (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Korea, with descriptions of two new species, pp. 43-57 in Zootaxa 3414 on pages 51-53, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21079
Scavenger receptor class B type I: a multifunctional receptor
No full textThe scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-B1) plays an important role in meditating the uptake of HDL-derived cholesterol and cholesteryl ester in the liver and steroidogenic tissues. In addition to being ubiquitous, SR-B1 is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor in many tissues, though the mechanism by which SR-B1 does this is unclear. Other than its role as an HDL receptor, SR-B1 is also involved in pathogen recognition; its expression can be modulated by lipopolysaccharide and oxidative stress; and it plays a significant role in the uptake of lipid soluble vitamins, such as vitamin E and carotenoids. In this short review, we have summarized the biological aspects to which SR-B1 has been thus far associated
PEG-mediated fusion of Rubus idaeus (raspberry) and R. fructicosus (blackberry) protoplasts, selection and characterization of callus lines
No full textOzonated oils and cutaneous wound healing
No full textWound tissue repair is a complex and dynamic process of restoring cellular structures and tissue layers. Improvement in this process is necessary to effectively treat several pathologies characterized by a chronic delayed wound closure, such as in diabetes, and the investigation of new approaches aimed to ameliorate the wound healing process is under continuous evolution. Recently, the usage of vegetable matrices in the form of ozonated oils has been proposed, and several researchers have shown positive effects on wound healing, due to the bactericidal, antiviral, and antifungal properties of these ozonated oils. In the present review, we intend to summarize the actual state of the art of the topical usage of ozonated oil in cutaneous wounds with special emphasis to the importance of the ozonated degree of the oil
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