1,720,954 research outputs found
Dynamic 3D Reconstruction of Thoracic Cage and Abdomen in Children and Adolescents With Scoliosis: Preliminary Results of Optical Reflective Motion Analysis Assessment
No full textBackground: In patients with untreated scoliosis or in those with
posterior spinal instrumented fusion (PSF), the movements of
neither the thoracic cage (ThC) nor the abdomen (ABD) during
quiet and deep breathing have been well defined in the literature.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate kinematic variations in
the ThC and ABD during quiet and deep breathing by optical
reflective motion analysis (ORMA) in children with scoliosis.
Methods: The study included 6 healthy children (group A), 7
subjects with untreated scoliosis over 50 degrees (group B), and 8
patients with scoliosis treated by PSF (group C). After anthropometric measurements (standing height, sitting height, arm
span, chest perimeter, body weight, body mass index, T1-T12,
and L1-L5 length) were obtained, the movements of subjects
during quiet and deep breathing were measured with a 10-camera
3-dimensional ORMA system (82 markers) with the subjects in a
standard standing position.
Results: No significant differences were observed in sex, age,
weight, height, or arm span (P > 0.05). Significant differences
were observed in the chest perimeter, Cobb angle, and body mass
index (P < 0.05). ThC and ABD movements during quiet and
deep breathing decreased significantly in group B and C when
compared with group A (P < 0.05). Group B showed decreased
expansion of the ThC (−52.4% to −58.3%) and relatively increased motion of the ABD compared with groups A and C
(P < 0.001). However, ABD expansion remained lower in group
B than in groups A and C (−32.8% and −5.7%). PSF does not
completely eliminate transverse plane kinematics, although a
greater reduction was observed at instrumented than noninstrumented levels (−60.8% vs. −35.1%; P < 0.05).
Conclusions: ORMA is a useful tool for assessing alterations in
the kinematics of the ThC and ABD caused by severe scoliosis
and/or PSF. Compared with normal subjects, patients with severe scoliosis had poorer and less effective kinematics of the ThC
and ABD. In contrast, operated subjects had better and more
effective kinematics of the ThC and ABD, breathing curves,
thoracic expansion, and abdominal movements closer to normal
compared with patients with severe, untreated deformity.
Level of Evidence: Level III
Risk factors associated with unsatisfactory hip function in children with late-diagnosed developmental dislocation of the hip treated by open reduction
No full texta b s t r a c t
Background: Open reduction with or without pelvic and femoral osteotomy is the accepted treatment
option for children older than 18 months with developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH). However, few
studies have investigated hip function in children with late DDH treated by open reduction. Therefore, we
performed a retrospective study investigating the risk factors potentially associated with unsatisfactory
hip function.
Hypothesis: We hypothesized that some risk factors can be associated with unsatisfactory hip function
in patients with late DDH treated by open reduction.
Patients and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiographic data of 79 children (98
hips, mean age 39.7 ± 18.6 months; range, 19–95.3) with late-detected DDH treated by open reduction.
Acetabular index (AI), Tönnis grade, Center Edge Angle (CEA), avascular necrosis of the femoral epiphysis
(AVN), and Severin radiographic grade were evaluated on radiographs. Hip function was rated according
to modified Outcome Evaluation Standard for Congenital Dislocation of the Hip with a maximum score of
15. According to type of surgery, patients were divided into four groups: open reduction alone (Group A),
open reduction in conjunction with pelvic osteotomy (Group B), and open reduction in conjunction with
femoral osteotomy and Pemberton/Salter (Group C) or Bernese-type triple pelvic osteotomy (Group D).
Analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-test, chi-square test, and multivariate regression analysis were used to
evaluate the independent risk factors of unsatisfactory hip function.
Results: The mean hip function score was 10.8 ± 2.8 (4.5–15); 61 hips (62.2%) had satisfactory function
(23 [23.5%] excellent and 38 [38.8%] good), while 37 hips (37.8%) had unsatisfactory function (16 [16.3%]
fair and 21 [21.4%] poor). Spearman correlation analysis indicated that age at surgery was negatively
correlated with function score (r = −0.326, p = 0.001). The age of patients with satisfactory hip function
(34.5 ± 14.2 months; range, 19.4−74.8) was significantly lower than those with unsatisfactory function
(43.7 ± 21 months; range, 20.6–95.3) (p = 0.011). The hip function score in Group A (14.2 ± 0.8; range,
12.8–15) was significantly higher than in the other three groups (p < 0.001). Hip function score in patients
with type III or IV AVN was significantly lower than those without AVN, or with type II AVN (p = 0.001).
Multivariate regression analysis confirmed age at surgery, type of surgery and AVN were negatively
correlated with hip function score. Logistic regression analysis and chi-square test confirmed age and type
of surgery, and AVN were independent risk factors of unsatisfactory hip function. Multivariate regression
analysis found ability to squat and amount of hip flexion and abduction, significantly decreased with age
at surgery; while presence of limping, amount of hip flexion, abduction, adduction and external rotation
significantly decreased with type of surgery.
Discussion: Age at surgery, type of surgery and severe AVN are independent risk factors for unsatisfactory
hip function in patients with late-detected DDH treated by open reduction. The ability to squat, the
amount of hip flexion and abduction are the main functional parameters affected by age and surgery.
Level of evidence: IV, case series
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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