1,721,039 research outputs found
Variability of atmospheric CO2 in the Sud-PACA region : characterization of fossil and natural emissions from Marseille
No full textLe dioxyde de carbone (CO2) ne cesse d'augmenter dans l'atmosphère suite aux émissions anthropiques dont plus de 70% sont émises par les zones urbaines et industrielles. Il existe des inventaires d'émissions mais leurs incertitudes peuvent atteindre plusieurs dizaines de pourcents. L'étude du CO2 à partir de mesures atmosphériques permet une approche indépendante des inventaires. Ces travaux visent à mieux caractériser les émissions urbaines de Marseille. Ils s'appuient sur un réseau de mesures du CO2 constitué 1) d'une station du réseau ICOS-Fr située à l'Observatoire de Haute Provence à 80 km au nord de Marseille, 2) d'une station au cœur de Marseille et 3) d'une station péri-urbaine forestière. L'utilisation conjointe de mesures isotopiques du carbone, de séries temporelles du CO2 atmosphérique ainsi que de plusieurs traceurs d'activités anthropiques (monoxyde de carbone, composés organiques volatils…) a permis de mieux caractériser la variabilité du CO2 en milieu urbain. Une méthode permettant d'isoler l'influence anthropique locale sur le CO2 atmosphérique a été développée, et une campagne de mesure intensive a été menée en janvier 2020. Cette étude a permis de quantifier la variabilité du CO2 de l'échelle hémisphérique à locale. La comparaison des stations a permis d'isoler le panache de CO2 provenant des émissions de Marseille. Une forte empreinte du trafic et du secteur résidentiel a été mise en évidence sur ces émissions en hiver avec une part de CO2 d'origine fossile de 55% en moyenne. Le panache provient à 25% de la combustion de gaz, 30% de celle de pétrole, 20% de la combustion de biomasse, le reste provenant principalement de la respiration biologique avec une incertitude moyenne d'environ 30%. Ces travaux apportent les premiers résultats issus d'une approche atmosphérique sur les sources de CO2 à Marseille ainsi que des méthodes et des enseignements utiles pour l'étude du CO2 en milieu urbainCarbon dioxide (CO2) is increasing in the atmosphere as a result of constant human activities. More than 70% of human emissions are emitted by urban and industrial areas. Current emission inventories are marred by large uncertainties. The study of CO2 from atmospheric measurements allows an independent approach. In order to study the urban emissions of Marseille, this work relies on a CO2 measurement network composed by i) a station of the ICOS-France network located at the Observatoire de Haute Provence 80 km north of Marseille, ii) a station in the heart of Marseille and iii) a station on the outskirts of Marseille, in a forest environment. The joint use of carbon isotope measurements, CO2 timeseries and several activity tracers (carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds...) allowed to better characterize the variability of CO2.A method allowing to isolate the anthropic influence reaching a station was developed and an intensive measurement campaign was carried out in Marseille in January 2020. The CO2 variability from the hemispheric to the local scale was assessed, and the intercomparison of the stations allowed to isolate the urban CO2 plume of Marseille. A strong influence of traffic and residential emissions was highlighted in Marseille in winter. The Marseille CO2 plume was explained for 55% by fossil fuel emissions. The total plume come at 25% and 30% from gas and oil combustion, 20% from biomass combustion, the rest coming mainly from respiration sources. The mean uncertainties of the results are ~30%. This work brought the firsts results on assessing CO2 sources in Marseille from atmospheric approaches, and it also provided some methods and useful lessons for future study of CO2 in urban environmen
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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