341,936 research outputs found
Chen Lai's Four Essays on the "Wuxing" Manuscripts Introduction
No full textThe topic of this issue of Contemporary Chinese Thought is the authorship, annotations, and philosophical interpretation of the Wuxing and evidence of the thought of Zisi and Mencius in the Wuxing. Four of the essays translated here are by Chen Lai, formerly professor of Chinese philosophy at Peking University and now dean of the School of Traditional Chinese Learning at Tsinghua University. An essay by Xing Wen, of Dartmouth College, provides context for a proper understanding of the Wuxing and Chen Lai's scholarship on the Wuxing.Asian StudiesPhilosophyA&HCI0ARTICLE23-54
Oberthueria jiatongae Zolotuhin & Xing Wang, sp. nov.
No full textOberthueria jiatongae Zolotuhin & Xing Wang, sp. nov. Obertheria [sic!] formosibia Kishida & Xing Wang (2011: 138, pl. 30, fig. 14). Type material. Holotype: ♂, “ China, prov. Shaanxi | Taibaishan Mts (S) | Tsinling Mts., Foping NT | 33 ˚ 51 ’N, 107 ˚ 57 ’E, 1.500 m | 20.IV– 11.V 1999 | leg. Sinjaev & Plutenko” (MWM); Paratypes: 38 ♂, 1 ♀, China, prov. Shaanxi, [Qinling Mountains, Taibaishan] Taibaishan Mts (S), Tsinling Mts., Foping NT, 33 ˚ 51 ’N, 107 ˚ 57 ’E, 1.500 m, 20.IV– 11.V 1999, leg. Sinjaev & Plutenko (MWM); 4 ♂, China, Shaanxi prov., [Qinling Mountains, Taibaishan] Tai bai shan Mts (S), Tsinling Mts, Houzhenzi, 33 ˚ 51 ’N, 107 ˚ 49 ’E, 1600 m, 27.V–08.VI 1999, leg. local collector (MWM); 6 ♂, same data but May 2002 (MWM); 3 ♂, the same data but June 1999 (MWM); ♂, same data but summer 1999 (MWM); ♂, same data but 1–12.VIII 1999 (MWM); ♂, same data but 1.500 m, VII 2001 (MWM); ♂, same data but 2.600 m, VII 2001, leg. local collector (MWM); ♂, China, Shaanxi prov., Taibaishan Nat. Park, 33 ˚ 35 ’N, 107 ˚ 43 ’E, 1300–1500 m, 20.VIII– 4.IX 1998, leg. V. Murzin & V. Sinjaev (MWM); 2 ♂, China, Shaanxi prov., South Taibaishan, Tsinling Mts., Houzhenzi, 33 ˚ 51 ’N, 107 ˚ 49 ’E, 1.500 m, 05– 10.V 2000, leg. Sinjaev & Plutenko (MWM); 2 ♂, China, Shaanxi prov., Dabashan, 15 km S Shou-Man vill., 1800 m, 32 ˚08’N, 108 ˚ 37 ’E, 25.V– 14.VI 2000, leg. Sinjaev & Plutenko (MWM). Additional material: 2 ♂, China, Jiangxi Prov., Wuyishan, Xipaihe vill., 1500 m, 27 ˚ 54 ’N, 112 ˚ 20 ’E, VII 2004, leg. Sinjaev & his team (MWM); 3 ♂, China, Hubei Prov., Dabashan, Songluohe, 31 ˚ 37 ’N, 110 ˚ 33 ’E, 1300–1800 m, V 2006, leg. Siniaev & his team (MWM); 2 ♂, China, N-Hubei Prov.e, Niutou Mt, Ahiyan, 1550 m, VIII 2000, leg. native collector (MWM); 2 ♂, China, Sichuan Prov., Wolong Nature Reserve, 31 ˚09’N, 103 ˚ 20 ’E, V 2005, leg. Sinjaev & his team (MWM); 2 ♂, China, Sichuan Prov., Qingchenghoushan Mts, 70 km NW Chengdu, 1400 m, 21–25.VIII 2005, leg. S., V., M. Murzin (MWM); ♂, China, NW-Sichuan Prov., Daxueshan Mts, Gonggashan, NW Moxi, 29 ˚ 41 ’N, 101 ˚ 58 ’E, 14– 19.VII 1999, leg. Sinjaev & Plutenko (MWM); ♂, China, Hainan Prov., Diaoluoshan National Nature Reserve, 2004. IV. 24, leg. Huang G.H. (SCAU); ♂, China, Hunan Province, Badagongshan National Nature Reserve, Tianpingshan Mountain, 2009. V. 27, leg. Huang G.H. (HUNAU); ♂, the same data but 2009. VIII. 10, leg. Wang H.S. (SCAU); ♂, China, Guangxi Province, Huaping National Nature Reserve, 2007. V. 25, leg. Chen L.S. & Wu G.Y. (SCAU); 39 ♂, 3 ♀, China, Guangdong Province, Nanling National Nature Reserve, 2011. VI. 4–5, 1300 m, leg. Wang X. & Huang G.H. (HUNAU); ♂, the same data but 2003. VI. 22, leg. Huang G.H. (SCAU); ♂, the same data but 2003. VIII. 16–20 (SCAU); ♂, ♀, the same data but 2003. VII. 16, leg. Chen L.S. & Lin H. (SCAU); ♂, the same data but 2008. VI. 25, leg. Wang H.S. (SCAU); ♂, the same data but 2008. VII. 2 (SCAU); 2 ♂, the same data but 2009. VIII. 10 (SCAU); 4 ♂, the same data but 2008. V. 31, leg. Wang M. & Wang H.S. (SCAU); 2 ♂, the same data but 2008. VII. 29, leg. Long Y. (SCAU); 6 ♂, the same data but 2009. V. 8, leg. Li X.P. (SCAU); 7 ♂, the same data but 2009. V. 18, leg. Wang H.S. & Long Y. (SCAU). Description. Medium-sized species (Figs 14–17), very similar externally to O. yandu and probably close to it. Ground colour sandy yellow, with abundant white or ash grey suffusion giving to moths a characteristic appearance. Wing pattern dark grey, prominent, submarginal field of the fore wing is covered with dark yellowbrown to chestnut scales whereas in hind wing it is brighter dark yellow to ochre-yellow. Wing serration distinct in hind wing, but marginal teeth are short and massive, forming sometimes very short bifurcate tail; in fore wing, medial projection may be double and the falcate part is smooth. Female similarly patterned, a bit darker, with the same kind of serration and a short bifurcate tail. Male genitalia (Fig. 26). Uncus lobes curved, lyre-shaped, with rounded apices; valvae short and broad; harpe strong, rather short and covered with dense spines on its distal third; right apical spur rather slender and pointed. Female genitalia as illustrated (Fig. 28). Diagnosis. Small size, contrasting ‘grey-scaled’ coloration, prominent wing pattern and short but distinct wing serration makes identification of the species rather easy. From the similar and sometimes sympatric O. yandu it differs being paler, a bit smaller, with shorter wing serration. Bionomics. The population of the species of the type locality is native to montaine forests where it inhabits altitudes of 1300–2600 m but more commonly 1500–1800 m, and is on the wing from late April to early September, develops 1–2 generation(s) depending on the altitude. Lowland populations (of Hunan, Guangdong, Hainan) are known develop two generations per season and is known from May to August. Distribution (Fig. 34). Mountains of Shaanxi, Jiangxi, Hubei, also known from N and NW Sichuan, Hunan, Guangdong and Hainan. PLATE 4. Figs 30–33. Biotopes. 30. Biotopes of O. yandu Zolotuhin & Xing Wang, sp. nov., China, Sichuan Prov., Erlangshan Mts, E Luding, 2560 m. 31. Biotopes of O. yandu Zolotuhin & Xing Wang, sp. nov., China, N. Sichuan Prov., near Lixian County, 2.100 m. 32. Biotopes of O. lunwan Zolotuhin & Xing Wang, sp. nov., China, NW Yunnan, Lijiang/Zhongdian, near Tuguancun, 3.200 m. 33. the same (all photos: A. Saldaitis).Published as part of Zolotuhin, Vadim V. & Wang, Xing, 2013, A taxonomic review of Oberthueria Kirby, 1892 (Lepidoptera, Bombycidae: Oberthuerinae) with description of three new species, pp. 465-478 in Zootaxa 3693 (4) on pages 474-475, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/21740
Foreign direct investment and China's bilateral intra-industry trade with Japan and the US
No full textThis paper analyzes dynamic changes of China's intra-industry trade with its major trading partners, Japan and the US, from 1980 to 2004. It also investigates to what extent foreign direct investment promoted intra-industry trade. The empirical results show that, while shares of China's intra-industry trade with both Japan and U.S rose substantially, its intra-industry trade with Japan has reached 35 per cent of the overall trade, considerably larger than 10 per cent with the US. Sino-Japan intra-industry trade concentrated in the electrical and machinery sectors accounted for 52 per cent and 46 per cent of overall trade respectively. On the other hand, it is in the chemical and food sectors where intra-industry trade represented a relatively large proportion of Sino-US trade, 50 per cent and 30 per cent accordingly in each sector. In addition, the analysis indicates that Japanese direct investment in China performed a significant role in enhancing intra-industry trade between Japan and China. However, it found no evidence that the US direct investment in China contributed to the growth of the bilateral intra-industry trade between the two countries.intra-industry trade; FDI; China
Powering 10-Ah-level Li-S pouch cell via a smart “skin”
No full textDespite the significant advantages of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries over conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the practical usefulness of current Ah-level Li-S pouch cells is unsatisfactory, mainly because of the limited electrochemical performance and potential fire risk issues. In a recent study published in Matter, Wei et al. incorporated an ion-selective “skin” into 10-Ah-level Li-S cells and achieved an energy density of 412.7 Wh kg−1 with a low electrolyte/S ratio of 2.6 and an excess Li of 1.43.No Full Tex
Bambusananus furcatus Li & Xing 2011
No full textBambusananus furcatus Li & Xing, 2011 Bambusananus furcatus Li & Xing (in Li et al.), 2011: 45. Host plant. Bamboo (Li et al., 2011), Chimonobambusa angustifolia C. D. Chu & C. S. Chao. Distribution. Southwestern China (Guizhou). Materials examined. 1 3 (holotype), 1 Ƥ (paratype), Leigongshan, Leishan, Guizhou, China, 17 Aug. 2005, Z.-Z. Li and B. Zhang; 8 3, 14 ƤƤ, Leigongshan, Leishan, Guizhou, bamboo (Chimonobambusa angustifolia C. D. Chu & C. S. Chao), 6 Nov. 2010, L. Yang and X.-S. Chen (IEGU).Published as part of Yang, Lin & Chen, Xiang-Sheng, 2012, Review of bamboo-feeding leafhopper genus Bambusananus Li & Xing (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) with description of a new species from China, pp. 48-54 in Zootaxa 3353 on page 50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21099
Some modifications of MPS method for incompressible free surface flow
No full textAs a Lagrangian mesh-free method, the Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS)[1] method is very suitable for simulating violent flows, such as breaking waves on free surface. However, despite its wide range of applicability, the original MPS algorithm suffers from some inherent difficulties in obtaining an accurate fluid pressure in both spatial and time domain. Different modifications to improve the method have been proposed [2-5] in the literature. In this paper, the authors developed a particle position shifting and collision handling technique which could effectively suppress the pressure fluctuation. In addition, a new version of “cell-link” neighbour particle searching strategy, which reduces about 7/9 (~78%) of the searching area compared with traditional “cell-link” algorithm, is proposed.The developed MPS method with the proposed modifications has been tested on two free surface flow problems: 2D dam break and liquid sloshing. The numerical results obtained are found to be in good agreement with the available numerical and experimental results. With the proposed modifications, the stability and accuracy of the pressure field are improved in spatial and time domains
(A) Phonetic Study on The Pi-Pa-Xing
No full textThe purpose of this Study is, when one studies Pi-Pa-Xing(琵琶行) written by the greatest poet Bai-Ju-Yi(白居易) in Tang Dynasty(唐代), to understand Bai-Ju-Yi(白居易)'s philosophy and emotions by the meaning system which is symbolized by the whole phonetic structure composed the work, and to investigate the reason that Pi-Pa-Xing(琵琶行) can be on every man's lips.
This phonetic observation on Pi-Pa-Xing(琵琶行) is not a simple apprehension. Pi-Pa-Xing(琵琶行) is one of the masterpieces of sentimental poems which has a good melodical depiction, but an attempt to understand the entire feelings based on those day's social situation and cognition expressed by Pi-Pa-Xing(琵琶行)'s words composed by met여y and music. and also through the above observation we consider that the value as a genuine poem is discovered by recitation. in order to find the ultimate meaning of Pi-Pa-Xing(琵琶行)'s phonetic observation, the following ways are used.
In the second part, understanding the relationship between poem and sound, is suggested as an essential prereovisite for the general methodology of phonetic observation. In the special category of poem, the sound is not only the component of sound laws in shape, but also the symbol of the content and significances. It is necessary for the process, of Pi-Pa-Xing(琵琶行)'s sound observation to comprehend the sound inflection which symbolized the meaning.
In the third part, the ultimate purpose is to observe the organic combination between the sound substances and contents. One should comprehend what kind of philosophy and emotions he had during the composition, and how he could unfold it based on estheticism.
In the fourth and fifth, it is to analyse Pi-Pa-Xing(琵琶行)'s sound inflection concretely Pi-Pa-Xing(琵琶行) has Qi-Yan-Ge-Xing-Ti(七言歌行體) the external structure which has an abundant melodical characters. By the structure of vocal sound, they pursued the changes, changeable legends and humanity.
In addition to the poet repeated the similar or opposite sound substances which have a potential characters to Manifest his philosophy and emotions efficiently. The supplementary sound, original sound and ending sound were combinated to symbolized the contents which presented the poet's intention. This organic combination composed the total sound crystal Pi-Pa-Xing(琵琶行).
Based on such findings, the sound, the laws of sound, the rhythm and the accend are no more ornaments, but an esthetic value which has meaning and relationship. Pi-Pa-Xing(琵琶行) got rid of the gap between contents and forms. Therefore it can reach the 'Interlacing relation' said by Jakobson.
Through the study of phonetic observation, the rule about correlation or opposition have an efficiency for the bound tone and composition of poem. As far as the peer expressed and receipted in the way of language, it can have an esthetic value and significant function. It is essential for the composition to expand and apply the sound substances which is one of the language substances.;本稿는 唐代 大詩人인 白居易의 ＜琵琶行＞을 연구함에 있어서, 작품을 이루고 있는 총체적인 음성구조가 상징하는 의미체계를 통해 그 안에 드러나는 백거이의 사상정감을 이해하고, ＜琵琶行＞이 널리 읊조려질 수 있었던 사실을 검증하고자 하였다.
＜琵琶行＞에 대한 음성학적 고찰은 지금까지 널리 읊조려지는 ＜琵琶行＞에 대한 "음악묘사가 뛰어난 感傷詩의 걸작"이라는 단면적인 이해를 벗어나, ＜琵琶行＞이 결국 음악 형상화한 언어를 매개로 하여 표현해낸 백거이의 당시 사회인식과 이에 기반한 情感을 총체적으로 파악하기 위한 시도이다. 또한 이와 같은 고찰은 시가 낭송됨으로써 진정한 시문학으로서의 가치를 지닌다는 점에서 의의가 있다고 생각한다. ＜琵琶行＞의 음성학적 고찰의 궁극적인 의미를 도출해내기 위해서 다음과 같은 과정을 거쳤다.
제2장에서는 음성학적 고찰을 위한 개괄적인 방법론의 제시로서 시와 음성과의 관계를 이해하는 것이 전제되었다. 시라는 특정한 범주안에서 음성은 외형적인 틀인 聲律을 구성하는 요소로서 기능하고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 시의 내용을 상징하고 있는 의미를 지닌 것으로 개발되고 있다. 의미를 상징해주는 음성활용에 대한 이해는 구체적으로 진행될 ＜琵琶行＞의 음성고찰을 위해 반드시 전제되어야 하는 과정이다.
제3장은 음성자질들이 시의 내용과 유기적으로 결합되어 활용되고 있는 모습을 살펴보는 것이 궁극적인 목적이므로. 이 목적을 수행하기 위한 전제 단계로서 제시된다. 작자는 어떤 사상과 정서를 지니고 ＜琵琶行＞을 지었으며, 그의 사상 정감에 바탕한 審美傾向을＜琵琶行＞을 통해 어떻게 전개시키고 있는가를 인식해야 한다.
제4장과 제5장은 구체적인 ＜琵琶行＞의 음성활용에 관한 분석부분이다. ＜琵琶行＞은 七言 歌行體란 자체적으로 풍부한 음악성을 지닌 구조적 틀을 활용하여, 聲韻의 구조 속에서 변화를 추구하며 변화무쌍한 故事와 人情을 풀어냈다.
또한 시인은 자신이 표현해내고자 하는 사상감정을 효과적으로 부각시키기 위해서 잠재적 특징을 지닌 상반되거나 유사한 음소들을 내용에 맞게 되풀이하고 있음을 살펴보았다. 보음과 원음 그리고 운미가 작자가 의도하는 내용을 가장 핍진하게 상징해내기 위해 유기적으로 결합되어 있었으며, 이렇게 유기적 결함으로 이루어진 음성들이 어우러져 총체적인 음성 결합체인 ＜琵琶行＞을 이루었다.
이처럼 음성·성율·리듬·억양 등이 더 이상 의미의 장식물이 아니라, 의미와 긴밀하게 얽혀있는 미적 가치를 지닌 것이라는 사실을 주목해야 한다. ＜琵琶行＞에서는 내용과 형식간의 간극을 없앰으로써 야콥슨이 말한 것처럼 "interlacing(상호 얽혀있는)" 관계에 도달할 수 있었다. 本稿의 음성학적 고찰을 통해서 음소들의 상관성 혹은 대립성을 지배하는 규칙체계가 시의 음성층위는 물론 作詩術에까지 미친다는 사실 역시 확인되고 있다. 따라서 시라는 문학쟝르가 언어를 매개로 하여 표현되는 한 그리고 낭송됨으로써 그것의 미적 가치를 지니는 한, 언어 자질의 하나인 음성자질을 확장하고 응용하는 일은 詩作의 중추적인 기능을 하게 될 것이라 생각한다.＜국문개요＞ = ⅲ
第1章 序論 = 1
第1節 연구목적 = 1
第2節 연구대상 및 방법 = 2
第2章 詩와 音聲과의 관계 = 5
第1節 音聲과 聲律 = 7
1. 四聲에 의한 平仄 = 10
2. 韻脚에 의한 押韻 = 13
3. 雙聲과 疊韻 = 15
第2節 音聲의 상징효과 = 17
1. 音聲과 의미와의 관계 = 20
2. 輔音의 상징효과 = 22
3. 元音의 상징효과 = 24
第3章 ＜琵琶行＞의 내용 및 체제 = 27
第1節 創作背景 및 審美傾向 = 27
第2節 내용구성 및 전개 = 32
第3節 체제의 특징 = 42
第4章 ＜琵琶行＞의 聲律分析 = 46
第1節 平仄 = 46
第2節 用韻 = 58
第3節 雙聲과 疊韻 = 69
第5章 ＜琵琶行＞의 音聲分析 = 76
第1節 輔音의 활용 = 77
1. 분위기 부각을 위한 활용 = 77
2. 음악적 이미지 강조를 위한 활용 = 85
第2節 元音의 활용 = 88
1. 響度의 배합 = 88
2. 상징 이미지가 다른 원음의 활용 = 96
第3節 韻尾의 활용 = 100
1. 舒聲韻尾 = 101
2. 促聲韻尾 = 106
제6장 結論 = 110
≪參考文獻≫ = 114
Abstract = 12
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
A power flow mode theory based on a system's damping distribution and power flow design approaches
No full textA power flow mode theory is developed to describe the natural power flow behaviour of a dynamic system based on its inherent damping distribution. The system's characteristic-damping matrix is constructed and it is shown that the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of this matrix identify natural power flow characteristics. These eigenvectors, or power flow mode vectors, are chosen as a set of base-vectors spanning the power flow space and completely describe the power flow in the system. The generalized coordinate of the velocity vector decomposed in this space defines the power flow response vector. A time-averaged power flow expression and theorems relating to its estimation are presented.Based on this theory, power flow design approaches are proposed to identify energy flow patterns satisfying vibration control requirements. The mode control factor defines the measure of the correlation between a power flow mode and a natural vibration mode of the system. Power flow design theorems are presented providing guidelines to construct damping distributions maximizing power dissipation or to suppress/retain a particular vibration mode and/or a motion.The developed damping-based power flow mode theory is compared with a mobility-based power flow model. It is shown that the proposed power flow model provides insight into the power flow dissipation mechanisms in dynamic systems.Examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the power flow mode theory and the power flow design approach. These examples demonstrate the generality of the theory, including non-symmetric damping matrices, and illustrate power flow design applications through modifications of the system's damping distribution using passive and/or active control components
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