1,721,338 research outputs found
How Does Distraction Task Influence the Interaction of Working Memory and Long-Term Memory?
No full textThe present study addressed the influence of distraction task on the interaction of working memory and long-term memory by using available longterm memory tasks with or without distraction task. The results showed that: (a)Distraction task had significant effect on the availability of LTM facilitated by prior attention-driven processing in WM, and (b) the pattern of semanticpriming effects observed was reversed between the condition with and without
distraction task. These findings support the hypothesis that the semanticactivation is implicit automatic process, and less attention resource focused on the process will benefit the semantic activation of LTM
Emotional Faces in Peripheral Crowding
No full textCrowding effect refers to the deficit in identifying viewed targets, such as letters, numerals, line segments, or grating patches, when other shapes are nearby. This effect is reduced when distractors have a different color, contrast, or binocular disparity than that of the target. With feature singleton targets, the crowding effect decreases dramatically with an increasing number of distractors for both simple orientation and more complex letter identification tasks [4]. With a target that is not a salient feature singleton, however, the increasing number of distractors worsens rather than improves the perception of the target [2]
Generalized “Stigma”: Evidence for Devaluation-by-Inhibition Hypothesis from Implicit Learning
No full textEffects of Pattern Complexity on Information Integration: Evidence from Eye Movements
No full textThe present study employed empty cell localization paradigm and eye-tracking method to investigate the effects of memorized stimuli complexity on information integration between in visual short-term memory (VSTM) and visual perception. Two arrays of dots were displayed in sequence within a grid. Between the two arrays, one cell was always empty, and the participants’ task was to specify the location of this “missing dot” It was found that the accuracy decreased as dot pattern of array 1 increased in complexity, especially under long ISI condition. The analysis of eye movement behavior, especially fixation location, demonstrated that participants were more likely to try to remember the location of the empty cells of array 1 other than locations of dots. From aspect of eye movement, these results offered the first evidence supporting convert-and-compare hypothesis
The Effects of Feedback and Cue Modalities on Deception Detection: Type of Stimulus Matters
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PURPOSE:: Deception detection studies had established that the detection accuracy was only slightly better than chance. The present study investigated whether deception detection could benefit from feedback treatment, and whether the effect would be modulated by cue modalities. Signal detection theory was applied to get deeper insights into the performance of deception detection.
METHODS: Typical lie detection tests were conducted. In the control condition, the participants passively observed totally 96 video clips of 6 models who were sometimes lying and sometimes telling the truth. The observers were asked to make judgement of whether the models were lying or telling the truth. In the feedback condition, after response, a right or wrong outcome feedback was given. In both conditions, participants completed lie detection tests via either visual modality cues or audiovisual modality cues separately in two successive weeks. The order was counterbalanced between participants.
Results: The overall accuracy results showed that the main effects of feedback and cue modalities were significant, but there’s no interaction between feedback and cue modalities. Separating performance into deceptive and truthful targets, one intriguing finding was the significant feedback × cue modalities × type of stimulus (deceptive vs. truthful) interaction effect. Signal detection theory analysis revealed that feedback treatment enhanced perceptual sensitivity, and led to a more liberal response criterion in both the visual cues based and the audiovisual cues based lie detection tests.
Conclusions: The results suggested that feedback treatment benefited the overall accuracy of deception detection. The feedback effects performed differently on the visual and audiovisual modalities depending on the type of stimulus. Furthermore, signal detection theory analysis suggested that the feedback effects on the overall accuracy might result from the enhanced perceptual sensitivity and the more liberal criterion.</p
Action simulation in Chinese metaphor comprehension
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The involvement of sensory-motor system in abstract language comprehension has been verified by numbers of studies. However, the role of action simulation in metaphor comprehension is still controversial. The present study examined the role of action simulation in Chinese metaphor comprehension by action-sentence compatibility task. Participants were asked to respond by a hand or foot when the sentence was meaningful. The results showed that the responses to foot-related metaphorical sentences were significantly slower than those to hand-related and mouth-related metaphorical sentences when using a foot to respond. We speculated that hand action were overlearned and overused in daily life, therefore there was no inhibition of hand action simulation to the responses of hands, but only inhibition of foot action simulation to the responses of feet. In addition, there was no inhibition in literal sentence comprehension, which implied that implicit action simulation was more necessary in abstract metaphor comprehension.</p
Understanding, Measuring, and Designing User Experience: The Causal Relationship Between the Aesthetic Quality of Products and User Affect
Full text linkThis study sought to test the often-taken-granted assumption about the causal relationship between the aesthetic quality of products and user affect by using affective priming paradigm. The results showed that when beautiful web-pages were used as primes, the discrepancy between the response latencies to positive target and negative targets was larger than when the primes were ugly-webpage. A parallel pattern was obtained when pleasant pictures and unpleasant pictures were used as primes. Such findings supported the hypothesis that visual Gestalt of products can lead to affective change independent of reflective beauty judgment. The possibility of employing affective priming procedure to measure product beauty is also discussed in the light of the experiment results
Do different emotional valences have same effects on spatial attention?
No full textEmotional stimuli have a priority to be processed relative to neutral stimuli. However, it is still unclear whether different emotions have similar or distinct influences on attention. We conducted three experiments to answer the question, which used three emotion valences: positive, negative and neutral. Pictures of money, snake, lamp and letter x were used as stimuli in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2A, schematic emotional faces (angry, smile and neutral face) were used as experimental stimuli to control the stimuli complexity. In Experiment 2B, stimuli were three line drawing pictures selected from the Chinese Version of Abbreviated PAD Emotion Scales, corresponding respectively to anger, joy and neutral emotion. We employed the paradigm of inhibition of return (IOR, an effect on spatial attention that people are slow to react to stimuli which appear at recently attended locations, cf. Posner & Cohen, 1984) which used exogenous cues and included 20% catch trials. Seventy-four university students participated in the experiments. We found that participants needed more time to process negative emotional pictures (Exp1, 2A&2B), and the effect of IOR could happen at the ISI (interstimulus interval) as short as 50ms (Exp1). Meanwhile, the data demonstrated that IOR happened at 50ms ISI only when the schematic face was angry, and RTs of angry schematic faces were significantly longer than RTs of the other two faces (Exp2A). We further found that the expectancy might play a role in explaining these results (Exp3). In all three experiments, we found consistently there was a U-shaped relationship between RT and ISI, irrespective of the cue validity and emotional valence. These results showed that different emotional valences had distinct influences on attention. To be specific positive and neutral emotions could be processed more rapidly than the negative emotion
Asymmetry of Left Versus Right Lateral Face in Face Recognition
No full textPrior research has found that the left side of the face is emotionally more expressive than the right side [1]. This was demonstrated in a study where the right and the left halves of a face image were combined with their mirror-reversed duplicates to make composite images. When observers were asked which composite face appeared more emotional, they selected the left-left over the right-right composite more often
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