4 research outputs found
How States Carry Out Acts of Terror: Wars, Strategies and Tactics in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo
Get PDFTerrorism is a notoriously difficult concept that defies single universal definition. Terrorists intentionally employ violence in order to instill fear in their victims and the wider public. Terrorist movements aim to achieve their political, social and/or religious goals through use of violent acts. (Hoffman, 1998: 43) In most cases terrorism is perpetrated by non-state actors and is "bottom up" challenge to the existing political order. However this article argues that the nature of the crime and not the perpetrator should determine whether some criminal act constitutes terrorism and acts of terror can also be committed by states and/or state actors. In this article, the author will examine the overall strategy and tactics used by the Milosevic and Karadzic regimes in BiH and Kosovo to fulfil their wartime ambitions of maintaining and consolidating control over Serb and Serb-occupied territory, relying primarily upon the indictments and judgments of the ICTY in which they and members of their armed forces acting under their authority have been charged and/or convicted of war crimes and terror, along with reports from international organizations such as the United Nations and other sources. Through an analysis of these tactics against leading definitions of terrorism, it will be demonstrated that rather than fighting against terrorists and insurgents, the Milosevic and Karadzic regimes carried out acts of terror during the wars in Kosovo and BiH, respectively, and furthermore Milosevic was sponsoring state-terrorism in BiH (Blakely, 2012: 3-4).
Mesenteric Meckel’s diverticulum or intestinal duplication cyst: A case report with review of literature
No full textAbstractIntroductionA Meckel’s diverticulum (MD) is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. They arise from the middle-to-distal ileum. Contrary to MD, intestinal duplication cyst (IDC) is uncommon congenital anomaly of GI, but can occur anywhere from the tongue to the anus.Presentation of caseHere we report an 18-year-old male who presented to the department of abdominal surgery with chronic abdominal pain, frequent vomiting and mild abdominal distension. Following radiological investigation, a laparotomy was performed with the preoperative diagnosis of a mesenteric cyst. Intraoperativelly it became apparent that the cystic mass was on the mesenteric aspect of the small bowel without intestinal communication. Resection of the cyst was performed. Histological examination of the specimen revealed the presence of gastric tissue, which resembles MD. Although, the exact diagnosis of this cystic mass is ambiguous between MD and IDC, because of similar clinical signs, their complications and presence of gastric mucosa, however surgical treatment is gold standard of both.ConclusionThis case report underlines the necessity of how to differentiate between MD and IDC, although, surgical management is recommended for both
The Anesthesiologist’s Impact on Bleeding Control During Liver Surgery
No full textLiver surgery is often associated with increased likelihood of massive bleeding. The blood loss is one of major intraoperative issue the surgical team must deal with. Bleeding is usually present in cirrhotic patients but can be faced even in the patients with normal liver function undergoing liver surgery. Correction of preoperative abnormal coagulation’s tests, strong interaction between the surgeon and the anesthesiologist, and finally the anesthesia technique, may successfully reduce the bleeding intensity and blood transfusions requirements. This review will be focused only in the anesthesiologist’s role in minimizing the blood loss during major liver surgery
