1,720,965 research outputs found
Valorisation of SWRO brines in a remote island through a circular approach: Techno-economic analysis and perspectives
Get PDFNowadays, small remote islands rely heavily on desalination technologies to overcome freshwater scarcity.
Unfortunately, these technologies are accompanied by the production of brines which can affect the receiving
water bodies i.e., the aquatic ecosystem. Yet, it is extremely appealing how such brines constitute an abundant
source of valuable raw materials (such as magnesium). In this work, a novel hybrid system is introduced to
capture the value of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) brines produced in the minor Sicilian island of Pantelleria.
The “Minimal Liquid Discharge” (MLD) process consists of: (i) Nanofiltration NF (separation of bivalent from
monovalent ions), (ii) Mg Reactive Crystallizer MRC (selective recovery of magnesium and calcium), (iii) Multi-
Effect Distillation MED (freshwater production) and (iv) NaCl Thermal Crystallizer NTC (sodium chloride re-
covery). The economic and environmental performances of the process have been evaluated by implementing
and integrating the techno-economic models of each unit in a simulation platform called RCE (Remote
Component Environment). Results revealed important economic benefits in comparison to conventional brine
disposal methods. In addition, the proposed MLD chain turned out to be an attractive alternative for the pro-
duction of high purity minerals/salts, achieving lower selling prices than the current market price
Challenges in preparing for Environmental Technology Verification in a demonstration project: A case study of three innovative water treatment technologies
Get PDFThe European Union's Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) program aims to foster innovative environmental technologies to reach the market and reassure potential users. This paper presents an investigation of using ETV for three technologies, being developed within the EU Zero Brine research and innovation project. The technologies were designed to recover high quality water, salts and minerals from brine solutions. The technologies in focus are the forward feed MED evaporator, the Multi Feed - Plug Flow Reactor Crystalliser and Eutectic Freeze Crystallization. The study sought to understand the challenges of the ETV process, the readiness and eligibility of technologies, and possible preparations within the project lifetime. Challenges identified included: understanding what sufficient market readiness is, and achieving this within the duration of a project (also linked to funding allocation for the ETV process); and developing suitable performance claims, supported with sufficient levels of test data. A simple framework is presented to aid the integration of ETV into the development process. It promotes the use of life cycle assessment to understand the environmental added value of the technology and aid the development of performance claims.BT/Environmental Biotechnolog
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Resource recovery from desalination, the case of small islands
Get PDFThis work explores resource recovery coupled to seawater desalination in small islands. As small islands depend
on seawater desalination for water access, they make an excellent ground for exploring the trade-offs associated
to resource recovery, like potential economic gains, energy use, and environmental impacts. Here, we investigated
these tensions in the context of Lampedusa, in Italy. We then developed and evaluated scenarios for the
recovery of additional water, Mg, and other resources from brines, to identify if and how resource recovery is an
interesting approach for the island vis-`a-vis these tensions. We have found that the potential to increase water
production with water recovery from brine is an interesting alternative for small islands, especially when harnessing
waste heat. However, while some technologies offer possibilities for recovering additional resources, in
places like small islands the potential benefits from additional recovery do not seem to justify the costs to the
local system
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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