1,720,998 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
The effect of lycopene consuption on arterial elastic properties and endothelial function
No full textIntroduction: Consumption of tomato products is linked to beneficial outcomes; these are mainly attributed to lycopene, one of their antioxidant ingredients. A growing body of evidence has explored the potential of tomato consumption for cardiovascular risk reduction, with studies supporting a beneficial role regarding attenuation of oxidative stress and levels of inflammatory markers. Aortic stiffness, wave reflections and endothelial function are markers of cardiovascular disease and independently predict future risk. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of studies regarding the effect of tomato products consumption on these markers. The aim of the present study was to assess the acute and chronic effect of tomato paste consumption on indices of aortic stiffness, wave reflections and endothelial function. In addition, the impact of endogenous production of reactive oxygen species on aortic stiffness, wave reflections and peripheral/central pressures was studied. Genetic polymorphisms of the NADPH oxidase enzyme were used as a model of intrinsic, genetically determined oxidative status regulation.Methods: Nineteen healthy, young volunteers (age 39 ± 13 years; 8 men) were studied in a randomized (exposure sequence), single blind (operator), crossover design in an acute and chronic study. Both studies consisted of a supplementation arm (70 g tomato paste containing 33.3 mg of lycopene) and a control arm, during which no tomato paste was added to their regular diet. Volunteers maintained their regular diet during study arms. Two-week washout periods preceded each arm. In the acute study measurements were performed 24 h after the consumption of one portion of tomato paste; in the chronic study volunteers consumed one portion each day for a period of fourteen days. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), arterial wave reflection indices and flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery by means of ultrasonography were measured at day 1 (acute response) and day 15 (chronic response). Plasma lipid peroxides, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) were measured as indices of oxidative and inflammatory status. 289 young, healthy volunteers were recruited for the genetic polymorphism substudy. The -930A/G, A640G and C242T polymorphisms of the CYBA gene that regulates the production of the p22phox subunit of NADPH oxidase were genotyped by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Pulse wave velocity, wave reflection/central pressure indices, oxidized LDL (oxLDL) cholesterol and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured and compared across genotypes.Results: In the acute study, tomato paste supplementation did not significantly alter PWV, wave reflections, FMD, lipid peroxides, IL-6 or sICAM-1 levels. On the contrary, in the chronic study FMD was significantly improved by 3.3% ± 1.4% (P = 0.030) following supplementation. This was also the case for AIx [absolute decrease by 3.4% ± 5.6% (P = 0.001)], lipid peroxides [reduction by 62 ± 120 μmol/L (P = 0.038)] and IL-6 [reduction by 0.54 ± 1.06 pg/mL (P = 0.023)]. sICAM-1 levels were not altered during the chronic supplementation arm; however chronic lycopene withdrawal during the control arm resulted in elevated levels of sICAM-1 (P = 0.043). PWV did not change. The genetic study revealed that presence of the G allele for the -930A/G polymorphism is linked to higher peripheral and central pressures, without altering aortic stiffness, oxLDL or CRP levels. A640G and C242T polymorphisms did not alter arterial elastic properties.Conclusions: Daily tomato paste consumption exerts a beneficial chronic but not acute effect on wave reflections, endothelial function, oxidative and inflammatory status, whereas arterial stiffness is not altered. Further studies are warranted to explore the role of tomato paste as a non-pharmacological adjunct for improving biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. Apart from exogenous antioxidant agents, peripheral and central pressure levels are dependent on the intrinsic, genetically determined production of reactive oxygen species.Εισαγωγή: Η κατανάλωση τομάτας και επεξεργασμένων προϊόντων αυτής σχετίζεται με μειωμένο καρδιαγγειακό κίνδυνο, κυρίως λόγο της δράσης του λυκοπενίου, ενός από τα αντιοξειδωτικά συστατικά της. Η αορτική σκληρότητα, τα ανακλώμενα κύματα και η ενδοθηλιακή λειτουργία είναι δείκτες καρδιαγγειακής νόσου και ανεξάρτητοι προγνωστικοί παράγοντες μελλοντικού κινδύνου. Εντούτοις, η επίδραση του λυκοπενίου/τομάτας στους δείκτες αυτούς δεν έχει μελετηθεί επαρκώς. Ο σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν να εκτιμήσει την οξεία και χρόνια επίδραση της κατανάλωσης λυκοπενίου στην αορτική σκληρότητα, τα ανακλώμενα κύματα και την ενδοθηλιακή λειτουργία. Επιπλέον, μελετήθηκε η επίδραση της ενδογενούς παραγωγής οξειδωτικού φορτίου στην αορτική σκληρότητα, τα ανακλώμενα κύματα και τις περιφερικές/κεντρικές αρτηριακές πιέσεις, χρησιμοποιώντας τους γενετικούς πολυμορφισμούς της NADPH οξειδάσης ως μοντέλο γενετικά καθορισμένου οξειδωτικού stress.Μέθοδοι: Στις μελέτες παρέμβασης μελετήθηκαν δεκαεννιά υγιείς, νέοι εθελοντές (ηλικία 39 ± 13 έτη, 8 άντρες) με τυχαιοποιημένο (σειρά έκθεσης), μονά τυφλό (ερευνητής), διασταυρούμενο τρόπο σε οξεία και χρόνια μελέτη. Και οι δυο μελέτες περιείχαν ενα σκέλος χορήγησης (70 g πολτού τομάτας με 33.3 mg λυκοπενίου) καθώς και σκέλος ελέγχου, κατά τη διάρκεια του οποίου δεν προστέθηκε τοματοπολτός στη συνήθη δίαιτα των εθελοντών. Η συνήθης δίαιτά τους διατηρήθηκε κατά τη διάρκεια των δυο σκελών. Δυο περίοδοι έκπλυσης διάρκειας δυο εβδομάδων προηγήθηκαν των σκελών. Κατά την οξεία μελέτη, μετρήσεις πραγματοποιήθηκαν 24 ώρες μετά την κατανάλωση μιας μερίδας πολτού, ενώ κατά τη χρόνια μελέτη καταναλώθηκε μια μερίδα καθημερινά για περίοδο δεκατεσσάρων ημερών. Η ταχύτητα του σφυγμικού κύματος (PWV), δείκτες ανάκλασης των κυμάτων με τονομετρία και η αγγειοδιαστολή της βραχιόνιας αρτηρίας εξαρτώμενη από τη ροή (FMD) μετρήθηκαν την 1η ημέρα (οξεία μελέτη) και την 15η ημέρα (χρόνια μελέτη). Τα επίπεδα οξειδωμένων λιπιδίων πλάσματος, ιντερλευκίνης-6 (IL-6) και διαλυτού διακυττάριου μορίου προσκόλλησης 1 (sICAM-1) μετρήθηκαν ως δείκτες οξείδωσης και φλεγμονής. Στην υπομελέτη των γενετικών πολυμορφισμών της NADPH οξειδάσης μελετήθηκαν 289 υγιείς, νέοι εθελοντές. Με τη μέθοδο της αλυσιδωτής αντίδρασης πολυμεράσης (PCR) τυποποιήθηκε ο γονότυπός τους για τους πολυμορφισμούς -930Α/G, Α640G και C242T του γονιδίου CYBA της υπομονάδας p22phox του ενζύμου. Μετρήθηκαν η ταχύτητα του σφυγμικού κύματος (PWV) όπως και οι δείκτες ανάκλασης των κυμάτων/αορτικές πιέσεις με τονομετρία, επίπεδα οξειδωμένης LDL χοληστερόλης (oxLDL) και C-αντιδρώσας πρωτεϊνης (CRP) και συγκρίθηκαν τα επίπεδα αυτών ανά γονότυπο.Αποτελέσματα: Στην οξεία μελέτη, ο πολτός τομάτας δε μετέβαλε στατιστικά σημαντικά το PWV, τα ανακλώμενα κύματα, το FMD, τα οξειδωμένα λιπίδια, ή τα επίπεδα IL-6 και sICAM-1. Αντιθέτως, στη χρόνια μελέτη το FMD βελτιώθηκε σημαντικά κατά 3.3% ± 1.4% (P = 0.030) μετά τη χορήγηση. Το ίδιο παρατηρήθηκε για το AIx (απόλυτη μείωση κατά 3.4% ± 5.6% (P = 0.001)], τα οξειδωμένα λιπίδια [μείωση κατά 62 ± 120 μmol/L (P = 0.038)] και την IL-6 [μείωση κατά 0.54 ± 1.06 pg/mL (P = 0.023)]. Το sICAM-1 δε μεταβλήθηκε κατά το σκέλος χορήγησης, αλλά η χρόνια στέρηση πολτού τομάτας κατά τη δοκιμασία ελέγχου αύξησε τα επίπεδά του (P = 0.043). Το PWV δε μεταβλήθηκε. Στη γενετική υπομελέτη η παρουσία του αλληλίου G για τον πολυμορφισμό -930A/G σχετίζεται με υψηλότερες περιφερικές και αορτικές πιέσεις, χωρίς να μεταβάλλει την αορτική σκληρότητα, τα επίπεδα oxLDL και CRP. Αντίθετα, οι πολυμορφισμοί Α640G και C242T δε φαίνεται να μεταβάλλουν τις ελαστικές ιδιότητες των αγγείων.Συμπεράσματα: Η ημερήσια κατανάλωση πολτού τομάτας δρά ευεργετικά σε χρόνια, αλλά όχι σε οξεία βάση, στα ανακλώμενα κύματα, την ενδοθηλιακή λειτουργία, το οξειδωτικό και φλεγμονώδες φορτίο. Αντιθέτως, δεν επηρεάζει την αρτηριακή σκληρότητα. Περαιτέρω μελέτες απαιτούνται για να διαλευκάνουν το ρόλο του λυκοπενίου ως μη φαρμακολογικού μέσου βελτίωσης των βιοδεικτών καρδιαγγειακού κινδύνου. Εκτός των εξωγενώς χορηγούμενων αντιοξειδωτικών ουσιών, η γονιδιακά ρυθμιζόμενη ενδογενής παραγωγή οξειδωτικών ουσιών καθορίζει τα επίπεδα περιφερικών και κεντρικών πιέσεων
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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