1,721,171 research outputs found
Identifying the role of cytochrome c in post-resuscitation pathophysiology
No full textCytochrome c, an electron carrier that normally resides in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, may translocate to the cytosol under ischemic and hypoxic conditions and contribute to mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. In addition, reperfusion of brain tissue following ischemia initiates a cell death cascade that includes cytochrome c-mediated induction of apoptosis. Further studies are needed to determine the contribution of cytochrome c in the regulation of cell death, as well as its value as an in vivo prognostic marker after cardiac arrest and resuscitatio
The use of sildenafil in the treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: A review of the literature
No full textPersistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a serious and potentially fatal condition, characterized by hypoxemia due to increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) with resultant shunting of pulmonary blood to the systemic circulation. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) has been considered a revolutionary treatment of PPHN. Data show that the use of iNO has reduced the need of ECMO in neonates with severe PPHN, while in moderate PPHN, iNO administration has been associated with a significant decrease in ventilatory support and prevented progression to severe PPHN.
Not all neonates respond to iNO therapy though, and phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors with their potent vasodilator properties have evolved as an alternative therapy or as an adjunct to the treatment of PPHN with iNO. There are ten families of PDE isoenzymes. PDE 5 is particularly prevalent in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) and PDE 5 inhibitors, such as sildenafil, have been used in clinical practice.
This review provides a comprehensive account of existing data in the literature, from animal and clinical studies, on the use of sildenafil for the treatment of PPHN. Sildenafil may also have a role as a single mode of therapy, since in resource-limited settings the cost of iNO is a serious concer
Metabolomics in the developing human being
No full textMetabolomics is based on the detailed analysis of metabolites and represents a unique chemical fingerprint of an organism. This approach allows assessing the dynamic behavior of biologic systems with multiple network interactions among individual components. The field of metabolic profiling has rapidly developed over the last decade, with successful applications in various research areas including toxicology, disease diagnosis and classification, pharmacology, and nutrition. This article provides a comprehensive account of existing data in the literature from animal and clinical studies on the use of metabolomics for improved understanding of medical conditions affecting the neonate and the developing human being
Metabolomics applied in neonatology
No full textOver the past two decades, host-response biomarkers have been extensively used by clinicians for a better understanding of normal biological processes, the complexity and severity of illnesses, or pharmacological responses to therapeutic intervention. A myriad of information can be drawn from the gender, age, dietary intake and the disease history of an individual. These biomarkers may be promising for the complete phenotyping of a cell, tissue or an organism. In neonatology, these molecular markers may help in prediction of disease severity and its outcome, thus allowing personalized interventions. In this Review, existing data in the literature on metabolites in plasma, urine and maternal milk that may offer a unique insight into the host's dynamic behavior in different neonatal conditions will be examined
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The pathophysiologies of asphyxial vs dysrhythmic cardiac arrest: Implications for resuscitation and post-event management
No full textCardiac arrest is not a uniform condition and significant heterogeneity exists within all victims with regard to the cause of cardiac arrest. Primary cardiac (dysrhythmic) and asphyxial causes together are responsible for most cases of cardiac arrest at all age groups. The purpose of this article is to review the pathophysiologic differences between dysrhythmic and asphyxial cardiac arrest in the prearrest period, during the no-flow state, and after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Towards long-acting adrenaline for cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Production and characterization of a liposomal formulation
No full textThe use of adrenaline in cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a long-standing medical procedure, recommended by several international guidelines. However, its unspecific action on adrenergic receptors and the need for repeated administrations pose serious concerns about its safety, the balance between benefits and risks being still under debate. To address this issue, a sustained release nano-formulation of adrenaline was developed. Adrenaline was encapsulated into PEGylated, anionic liposomes by a pH-driven loading technique. Particular attention was devoted to the prevention of oxidation of adrenaline by optimizing the preparative process and including an optimal amount of antioxidants in the formulation. The vesicles obtained were then characterized for size, zeta-potential, and lamellarity, while their morphology was described by cryo-TEM. The controlled release properties were confirmed by two different in vitro release-testing methods, and the biocompatibility was assayed on human endothelial cells in vitro
H-1 NMR-metabolomics: Can they be a useful tool in our understanding of cardiac arrest?
No full textObjective: This review focuses on the presentation ofthe emerging technology of metabolomics, a promising
tool for the detection of identifying the unrevealed biological pathways that lead to cardiac arrest.
Data sources: The electronic bases of PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE were searched. Research terms
were identified using the MESH database and were combined thereafter. Initial search terms were
“cardiac arrest”, “cardiopulmonary resuscitation”, “post-cardiac arrest syndrome” combined with
“metabolomics”.
Results: Metabolomics allow the monitoring of hundreds of metabolites from tissues or body fluids
and already influence research in the field of cardiac metabolism. This approach has elucidated several
pathophysiological mechanisms and identified profiles of metabolic changes that can be used to follow
the disease processes occurring in the peri-arrest period. This can be achieved through leveraging the
strengths of unbiased metabolome-wide scans, which include thousands of final downstream products
of gene transcription, enzyme activity and metabolic products of extraneously administered substances,
in order to identify a metabolomic fingerprint associated with an increased risk of cardiac arrest.
Conclusion: Although this technology is still under development, metabolomics is a promising tool for elucidating
biological pathways and discovering clinical biomarkers, strengthening the efforts for optimizing
both the prevention and treatment of cardiac arrest
Adrenalin-containing double layered lipid vesicles for use in the treatment of cardiac emergencies
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