1,720,954 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Saponinas : uma promessa da ciência contra o câncer
Get PDFSaponinas são um grupo de glicosídeos de ocorrência em plantas, de maior distribuição em angiospermas, conhecidos por sua propriedade formadora de espuma em solução aquosa. São compostos reportados na literatura por possuírem uma gama de atividades, que compreendem a atividade moluscicida, anti-inflamatória, antifúngica, antibacteriana, antiparasítica, antiviral, imunomoduladora, citotóxica e antitumoral. Recentemente, passou-se a investigar mais a atividade anti-câncer das saponinas, por serem compostos abundantes no reino vegetal e oferecerem a possibilidade de serem utilizados na prática clínica. Nesse contexto, aparecem estudos acerca da atividade antitumoral/citotóxica de saponinas in vivo, in vitro, e revisões bibliográficas descrevendo o mecanismo de ação do efeito anti-câncer da maioria desses compostos. Poucos, porém, valiosos trabalhos versam sobre a relação-estrutura atividade que rege o modo de ação dessas substâncias. Há, também, alguns artigos que relatam o emprego das saponinas na indústria farmacêutica, como adjuvantes para o aumento da solubilidade e absorção de determinados fármacos e adjuvantes em vacinas, provocando imunoestimulação e aumentando a eficácia da resposta antígeno-anticorpo do organismo. Valendo-se desse amplo conhecimento divulgado na literatura, o desafio desse trabalho foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica tratando da atividade antitumoral/citotóxica de saponinas, bem como do mecanismo de ação envolvido por trás do efeito farmacológico desses compostos e por fim, a relação estrutura-atividade que rege os efeitos biológicos dessas substâncias.Saponins are a group of glycosides occurring in plants, distributed in angiosperms, commonly known for its property of foam-forming in aqueous solution. These compounds are reported in the literature as having a range of activities, which include the molluscicidal, antiinflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, antiparasitic, antiviral, immunomodulatory, antitumor and cytotoxic activities. Recently, is under investigation the anti-cancer activity of saponins, since they are compounds in high abundance in the world flora and offer the possibility to be used due their antitumor activity. In this context, studies showing the antitumor activity/cytotoxic saponins in vivo, in vitro, and reviews describing the mechanism of action of the anti-cancer effect of some compounds. Few, but valuable works deal about the structure-activity relationship and the mode of action of these substances. There are also some articles that describe the use of saponins in the pharmaceutical industry as adjuvants for increasing the solubility and absorption of certain drugs and adjuvants in vaccines, causing immunostimulation and increasing the efficiency of antigenantibody response in the body. Drawing on this extensive knowledge disclosed in the literature, the challenge of this study was to provide a review of the literature dealing with the antitumor activity / cytotoxic saponins as well as the mechanism of action involved in the pharmacological action of these compounds and finally, the structure-activity relationship that govern the biological effects of these substances
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Antimicrobial activity of clioquinol and nitroxolin : a scoping review
No full textClioquinol e nitroxolina, dois fármacos com numerosas propriedades farmacológicas latentes, lançados ao desuso durante muitas décadas; o primeiro, considerado perigoso, devido a contraindicações mal compreendidas na época do seu surgimento, o segundo, considerado ineficaz, quanto à sua ação antibacteriana, por conta de conhecimentos farmacológicos e farmacocinéticos incipientes no seu tempo, o que dificultou a correta definição de uma janela terapêutica satisfatória. O passar dos anos trouxe a incrementação de conhecimentos nas áreas da química farmacêutica, da biologia molecular e da genética e junto com esse advento, uma nova oportunidade desses fármacos serem explorados em todo o seu potencial, no que diz respeito à sua ação antimicrobiana. Considerando tal cenário, essa revisão contempla a trajetória do clioquinol e da nitroxolina, desde a época do seu surgimento, até os dias atuais, enfatizando os novos estudos que indicam a possibilidade de reintrodução para casos específicos e o aumento de escopo destes compostos como antimicrobianos.Clioquinol and nitroxolin, two drugs with numerous latent pharmacological properties, thrown into disuse for many decades; the first, considered dangerous due to contraindications poorly understood at the time of its appearance, the second, considered ineffective, as to its antibacterial action, due to incipient pharmacological and pharmacokinetic knowledge at the time, which hindered the correct definition of a satisfactory therapeutic window. The passing of the years brought the increment of knowledge in the areas of pharmaceutical chemistry, molecular biology and genetics, and along with this advent, a new opportunity for these drugs to be explored to their full potential, with regard to their antimicrobial action. Considering such a scenario, this review contemplates the trajectory of clioquinol and nitroxolin, from the time of their emergence to the present day, emphasizing the new studies that indicate the possibility of reintroduction for specific cases and the increased scope of these compounds as antimicrobials
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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