8,944 research outputs found
Silencing Sl-EBF1 and Sl-EBF2 expression causes constitutive ethylene response phenotype, accelerated plant senescence, and fruit ripening in tomato
No full textThe hormone ethylene regulates a wide range of plant developmental processes and EBF (EIN3-binding F-box) proteins were shown to negatively regulate the ethylene signalling pathway via mediating the degradation of EIN3/EIL proteins. The present study reports on the identification of two tomato F-box genes, Sl-EBF1 and Sl-EBF2 from the EBF subfamily. The two genes display contrasting expression patterns in reproductive and vegetative tissues and in response to ethylene and auxin treatment. Sl-EBF1 and Sl-EBF2 genes are actively regulated at crucial stages in the development of the reproductive organs. Their dynamic expression in flowers during bud-to-anthesis and anthesis-to-post-anthesis transitions, and at the onset of fruit ripening, suggests their role in situations where ethylene is required for stimulating flower opening and triggering fruit ripening. VIGS-mediated silencing of a single tomato EBF gene uncovered a compensation mechanism that tends to maintain a threshold level of Sl-EBF expression via enhancing the expression of the second Sl-EBF gene. In line with this compensation, tomato plants silenced for either of the Sl-EBF genes were indistinguishable from control plants, indicating functional redundancy among Sl-EBF genes. By contrast, co-silencing of both Sl-EBFs resulted in ethylene-associated phenotypes. While reports on EBF genes to date have focused on their role in modulating ethylene responses in Arabidopsis, the present study uncovered their role in regulating crucial stages of flower and fruit development in tomato. The data support the hypothesis that protein degradation via the ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway is a control point of fruit ripening and open new leads for engineering fruit quality
SU(2) and SL(2, ℂ) representations of a class of torus Knots
No full textLet Km;2 be the torus knot of type (m, 2). With the help of the explicit description of the SL(2, ℂ) character variety of this class of torus knots given by the author in a previous work, we study the relationship between the representations over SU(2) and over
SL(2, ℂ) of the fundamental group of S³ \ K ₘ,₂. In particular it is shown that the map from the moduli space of irreducible SU(2)-representations to the moduli space of
SL(2, ℂ)-representations is injective.peerReviewe
SU (2) and SL(2, C) Representations of a Class of Torus Knots
No full textAbstract: Let Km,2 be the torus knot of type (m, 2). With the help of the explicit description of the SL(2, C) character variety of this class of torus knots given by the author in a previous work, we study the relationship between the representations over SU (2) and over SL(2, C) of the fundamental group of S 3 \ Km,2. In particular it is shown that the map from the moduli space of irreducible SU (2)-representations to the moduli space of SL(2, C)-representations is injective
sl(N)-web categories and categorified skew Howe duality
No full textIn this paper we show how the colored Khovanov-Rozansky Sl(N)-matrix factorizations, due to Wu [45] and Y.Y. [46,47], can be used to categorify the type A quantum skew Howe duality defined by Cautis, Kamnitzer and Morrison in [14]. In particular, we define Sl(N)-web categories and 2-representations of Khovanov and Lauda's categorical quantum sl(m) on them. We also show that this implies that each such web category is equivalent to the category of finite-dimensional graded projective modules over a certain type A cyclotomic KLR-algebra. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e a TecnologiaPortuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [PTDC/MAT/101503/2008]New Geometry and Topologyinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Pareuchiloglanis gracilicaudata Wu & Chen
No full textPareuchiloglanis gracilicaudata (Wu & Chen) (Fig. 5) Euchiloglanis gracilicaudata Wu & Chen, 1979: 294 –296 (Nangqian, Qinghai); Wu et al., 1981: 77. Pareuchiloglanis gracilicaudata: Chu, 1981: 27; Chu, 1986: 41. Chu et al., 1990: 205 (Deqin and Weixi, Yunnan); Wu & Wu, 1992: 551 –552; Chen, 1998: 309 -310; Chu & Mo 1999: 169 (Nangqian, Qinghai; Deqin, Yunnan). Material examined. All examined specimens are from the upper Lancangjiang, Yunnan, China. SWFC 9910098 (1; 166 mm SL), Yingpan, Lanping County. SWFC, 0004088-0004092 (5; 96–98 mm SL), Foshan, Deqin County. SWFC 0004051-0004059 (9; 91–125 mm SL), Kangpu, Weixi County. SWFC 0004065- 0 0 0 4077 (13; 84–116 mm SL), Yanwa, Weixi County. Diagnosis. Characters distinguishing Pareuchiloglanis gracilicaudata from P. abbreviatus, P. kamengensis, P. m y z o s t o m a and P. prolixdorsalis are summarized in Table 1. Morphometric and meristic data are in Table 3. A species of Pareuchiloglanis with the following unique combination of characters: adipose-fin base not confluent with caudal fin (vs. confluent); premaxillary tooth patches appear joined (vs. separate); lower lip connected to base of maxillary barbel by skin flap, without sulcus between them (vs. not connected, with sulcus); branched caudal-fin rays 7 upper + 8 lower (vs. 6 + 7); dorsal fin i- 5-6 (vs. i- 7); anal fin ii- 3-4 (vs. ii- 8); distance between pelvic-fin origin to anal-fin origin shorter than distance between pelvic-fin origin to mouth (vs. equal); pectoral fin not reaching pelvic-fin origin (vs. reaching or extending beyond); pelvic fin reaching anus (vs. not reaching); origin of pelvic fin opposite end of dorsal-fin base (vs. posterior to end of dorsal-fin base); anus midway between anal-fin origin and posterior end of pelvic-fin base (vs. nearer to posterior end of pelvic-fin base or nearer to anal-fin origin); anal-fin origin midway between posterior end of pelvic-fin base and caudal-fin base (vs. nearer to posterior end of pelvic-fin base or caudal-fin base); snout length 58.3– 81.3 % HL; caudal peduncle depth 3.5 –6.0% SL. Pareuchiloglanis gracilicaudata is distinguished from P. gongshanensis, P. f e a e, P. k a m e n g e n s i s and P. macropterus by a combination of the following characters: premaxillary tooth patches appear joined with median indentation (vs. separate) (Fig. 2 A); lower lip connected to base of maxillary barbel by skin flap, and without sulcus between them (vs. not connected, with sulcus) (Fig. 3 A). It differs from P. abbreviatus and P. anteanalis by its shorter pectoral fin, pectoral fin not reaching origin of pelvic fin (vs. reaching), and differs from P. feae, P. poilanei, P. sichuanensis and P. tianquanensis by its adipose-fin base not being confluent with caudal fin (vs. confluent). Pareuchiloglanis gracilcaudata differs from P. abbreviatus and P. prolixdorsalis by having 7 + 8 branched caudal-fin rays (vs. 6 + 7). It differs from P. songmaensis by having fewer fin rays, dorsal fin i- 5, anal fin ii- 3-4 (vs. i- 7, ii- 8). It differs from P. longicauda and P. s i n e n s i s by having origin of pelvic fins opposite end of dorsal-fin base (vs. posterior to end of dorsal-fin base). It differs from P. abbreviatus, P. anteanalis, P. f e a e, P. longicauda, P. nebulifer and P. rhabdurus by having origin of anus midway between posterior end of pelvic-fin base and anal-fin origin (vs. nearer to anal-fin origin or posterior end of pelvic-fin base). It differs from P. kamengensis, P. macrotrema, P. nebulifer, P. rhabdurus and P. robusta by having origin of anal fin midway between posterior end of pelvic-fin base and caudal-fin base (vs. nearer posterior of pelvicfin base or caudal-fin base). It differs from P. m y z o s t o m a by pelvic fin reaching anus (vs. not reaching) and longer snout, 58.3–81.3 % HL (vs. 47.2–51.8 % SL). Pareuchiloglanis gracilicaudata differs from P. songdaensis by having distance between pelvic-fin origin to anal-fin origin shorter than distance between pelvic-fin origin to mouth (vs. equal) and more slender caudal peduncle. Distribution. Known only from the upper Lancangjiang [Mekong] drainage (Fig. 4).Published as part of Li, Xu, Zhou, Wei, Thomson, Alfred W., Zhang, Qing & Yang, Ying, 2007, A review of the genus Pareuchiloglanis (Sisoridae) from the Lancangjiang (upper Mekong River) with descriptions of two new species from Yunnan, China, pp. 1-19 in Zootaxa 1440 on pages 8-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17597
CR1 Knops blood group alleles are not associated with severe malaria in the Gambia
No full textThe Knops blood group antigen erythrocyte polymorphisms have been associated with reduced falciparum malaria-based in vitro rosette formation (putative malaria virulence factor). Having previously identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human complement receptor 1 (CR1/CD35) gene underlying the Knops antithetical antigens Sl1/Sl2 and McC(a)/McC(b), we have now performed genotype comparisons to test associations between these two molecular variants and severe malaria in West African children living in the Gambia. While SNPs associated with Sl:2 and McC(b+) were equally distributed among malaria-infected children with severe malaria and control children not infected with malaria parasites, high allele frequencies for Sl 2 (0.800, 1,365/1,706) and McC(b) (0.385, 658/1706) were observed. Further, when compared to the Sl 1/McC(a) allele observed in all populations, the African Sl 2/McC(b) allele appears to have evolved as a result of positive selection (modified Nei-Gojobori test Ka-Ks/s.e.=1.77, P-valu
Tor sinensis Wu 1977
No full textTor sinensis Wu 1977 Specimens Examined: upper Ea Krong No drainage: upper Mekong basin in montane evergreen forest in Bidoup- Núi Bà National Park, Lâm Đồng Province, Vietnam (12 ° 16 ’ 23.68 ” N 108 ° 26 ’ 30.17 ” E, 672 m): UNS 00873, 205 mm SL, 25 June 2014; UNS 00614, 213 mm SL, 11 March 2012 (12 ° 15 ’ 9.37 ” N 108 ° 26 ’ 23.18 ” E, 650 m); ZRC 54629, 214 mm SL, 12 March 2012; UNS 00874, 133 mm SL, 24 June 2014; ZRC 54630, 97 mm SL, 25 June 2014 by Hoàng Đức Huy, Ph ạm Mạnh Hùng and Tr ần Tr ọng Ngân; upper Mekong basin in Vietnam (12 ° 58 ’02.5” N 107 ° 32 ’ 58.2 ” E): UNS 00876, 98 mm SL, 25 June 2014; the Sre Pok River: upper Mekong basin in Dak Lak Province, Vietnam (12 ° 58 ’02.5” N 107 ° 32 ’ 58.2 ” E): UNS 00945, 300 mm SL, 27 December 2014 by Phan Đình Phúc (Fig. 2). Diagnosis. Tor sinensis differs from T. ater in having lateral scales 24–25 vs. 30–31, scales in transverse row 3 / 1 / 2 vs. 5 / 1 / 2, predorsal scales 10 vs. 11–12, median lobe in lower lip long vs. short, stripe along side of body absent vs. present. Tor sinensis differs from T. mekongensis in having lateral scales 23–28 vs. 23, pelvic-fin rays 1 / 8–9 vs. 2 / 7, median lobe long vs. short, rostral hood prolonged into a lobe vs. rounded and blunt. Tor sinensis differs from T. dongnaiensis in having transverse scale rows 3 / 1 / 2 vs. 4 / 1 / 2, dorsal-fin rays 4 / 8 vs. 4 / 9, lobes of caudal fin nearly equal vs. unequal. Tor sinensis differs from T. tambroides in having SL/BD 3.6 –4.0 vs. 3.0– 3.4, lateral scales 24–25 vs. 24–26, median projection in upper lip present vs. absent. Tor sinensis differs from T. yingjiangensis in having colour in life silver-grey vs. yellow, SL/HL 3.3–3.9 vs. 3.0– 3.5. Tor sinensis differs from T. tambra in Java in lateral scales 24–25 vs. 22–24, predorsal scales 10 vs. 8–9, median lobe in lower lip long vs. short. Colour in life. Head dark on back, white on lower jaw. Body dark on back, yellow to grey-silver on side, snowy white on abdomen. A slate-grey longitudinal stripe run from posterior of head to the caudal base in adult specimen (UNS 00945), similar to T. laterivittatus, but other specimens without a longitudinal stripe. Scales silver with black at bases. Dorsal fin yellow grey, pelvic fin and anal fin dark grey. Pectoral fin pinkish on base, and black on rays. Caudal fin almost dark grey with yellow and pink tinge distally. Juvenile specimens light silver on scales and fins hyaline. Their dorsal fins green-yellow, dark grey on rays; distal margin concave. Pectoral fins pinkish orange and pelvic fin orange on coastal rays. Anal fins pinkish yellow on distal parts. Caudal fin greenish yellow, dark bold on rays (Fig. 6 a, b).Published as part of Hoàng, Ức, Ạm, Ạnh Ph, Durand, Jean-Dominique, Ần, Ngân Tr Ọng Tr & Phan, Phúc Đình, 2015, Mahseers genera To r and Neolissochilus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from southern Vietnam, pp. 551-568 in Zootaxa 4006 (3) on pages 562-563, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4006.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/24603
Bibarba parvoculus Wu, Yang & Xiu, 2015, sp. nov.
No full textBibarba parvoculus sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 5) Type material. Holotype: GAFS 10110586, male, 51.7 mm SL, collected from a karst cave (24 ° 47 ′ 55.65 ″ N, 108 ° 44 ′ 40.27 ″ E, alt 232 m) in Jicheng village, Tianhe Town, Luocheng County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China by Lan Jiahu on 12 Nov. 2010. Paratypes: GAFS 10110583, one female, 57.3 mm SL; GAFS 0 8090070, GTEU 10110584 –10110585, 3 females, 52.5–57.3 mm SL. All data same as sample of holotype except GIF 0 8090070 was collected on 20 Sep. 2008. Diagnosis. Bibarba parvoculus can be distinguished from its only congener B. bibarba by having 13–14 branched caudal fin rays (vs. 16); no longitudinal lines of spots on the side of body or any pigment in fins (vs. five longitudinal lines of dark speckles on the sides of body; two or three striations on the dorsal fin and five or six on caudal fin); tip of snout with a semi-transparent fleshy process (vs. snout normal); origin of anal fin nearer insertion of pelvic fin than to caudal fin base (vs. anal fin located half the distance between pelvic and caudal fins); preanal distance 70.4–72.2 % SL (vs. 76.9–83.3); eyes smaller (eye diameter 3.7–12.7 % HL vs. 14.1–20.8); caudal peduncle slender (caudal peduncle depth 36.5–43.4 % SL vs. 43.5–62.5; caudal peduncle length 19.9–22.2 % SL vs. 14.1–19.6) and shorter barbels (rostral barbel length 6.7–8.2 % HL vs. 8.6–15.6; maxillo-mandibular barbel length 8.3–9.7 % HL vs. 10.6–16.3). Description. Morphometric characters are given in Table 1. Dorsal-fin rays iii, 7 (4) or 8 (1); pectoral-fin rays i, 8 (5); pelvic-fin rays i, 6 (5); anal-fin rays 5 (3) or 6 (2); branched caudal-fin rays 13 (1) or 14 (4). *data are from Chen & Chen (2007). Body small, elongate, and laterally compressed. Dorsal profile of head slightly convex; ventral profile of body straight. Head small, laterally compressed. Snout rounded, with a semi-transparent fleshy pad on its tip. Nostrils close together, nearer to anterior edge of eye than to snout; anterior nares in short tube. Eyes presented on upper part at middle of head, and covered by fat; some specimens, eyes vestigial, remaining as black spots; interorbital width greater than eye diameter. Suborbital spine present, located anterior to orbit; spine bifid and with a mediolateral process (Fig. 2). Mouth small, inferior, and arched, with a triangle opening. Lips fleshy; upper lip arched and connected with lower lip; lower lip developed with a longitudinal mental groove at the middle of lower lip, each side of lower lip with a developed fleshy mental lobe (Fig. 3). Two pairs of small barbels; rostral barbels shorter than maxillo-mandibular barbels; maxillo-mandibular barbels with tiny papillae, and connected with lower lip; tip of maxillo-mandibular barbels not reaching anterior edge of orbit. Bibarba parvoculus B. bibarba * Holotype Paratypes Mean Catalogue number GAFS GAFS GAFS GTEU GTEU 10110586 10110583 0 8090070 10110585 10110584 Dorsal fin origin nearer tip of snout than to caudal fin base; dorsal fin length shorter than head length; profile of dorsal fin truncate. Pectoral fin of male 22.2 % SL (GAFS 10110586); in females, pectoral fin smaller, 13.4–15.2 % SL (4 specimens; mean= 14.1, SD= 0.8). Pelvic fin short, its origin opposites dorsal fin origin; depressed pelvic fin not reaching anus. Anus situated anterior to anal fin. Anal fin small, its origin nearer to pelvicfin origin than to caudal fin base. Caudal peduncle long, with dorsal and ventral crests. Caudal fin emarginate, tips slightly arched. Head without scales. Body scales small, oval, and embedded under epidermis. Lateral line not observed. Intestine very simple and straight without loops. Males smaller than females with proportionally longer pectoral fin. First branched pectoral-fin ray of male thickened and elongated, and longest ray of fin; second branched pectoral fin ray with semicircular lamina circularis (Fig. 4). First branched pectoral-fin ray of females as long as the second branched ray; pectoral fin without lamina circularis. Coloration. Live coloration of Bibarba parvoculus is provided in Figure 5. Body whitish, and semitransparent; black pigment irregularly present on dorsum of body; black stripe extending from insertion of rostral barbel to orbit; interrupted black stripe extending from orbit to operculum. Two dark spots present on upper and lower of caudal fin base; fins transparent, without pigment. After fixed in 10 % formalin, body whitish, base of pectoral-fin origin, base of dorsal-fin origin, base of anal-fin, and dorsal and ventral crests on caudal peduncle yellowish; pigments on body same as living status. Distribution. At present, Bibarba parvoculus is only known from a karst cave (24 ° 47 ′ 55.65 ″ N, 108 ° 44 ′ 40.27 ″ E, alt 232 m) in Jicheng village, Tianhe Town, Luocheng County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Habitat and ecology. An underground stream was found 30 m after entering the cave and about 12 m beneath the surface of the cave entrance. Bibarba parvoculus inhabits the pools with mud and cobblestone beds (Fig. 6). The areas of pools are 5–50 m 2, with 1–3 m depth. Different pools are connected by holes under water. Bibarba parvoculus was syntopic with Oreonectes microphthalmus Du et al. 2008, Sinocyclocheilus brevis Lan & Chen 1992 and Pterocryptis anomala (Herre, 1933). Etymology. The specific name parvoculus is Latin for “with small eyes”. Parv deriving from parvus, meaning small; oculus means eye. Parvoculus refers to the smaller eyes when compared with Bibarba bibarba.Published as part of Wu, Tie-Jun, Yang, Jian & Xiu, Li-Hui, 2015, A new species of Bibarba (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cobitidae) from Guangxi, China, pp. 138-144 in Zootaxa 3905 (1) on pages 139-143, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3905.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/23330
A conserved phosphorylation site regulates the transcriptional function of ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3-like1 in tomato
No full textETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3/ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3-like (EIN3/EIL) transcription factors are important downstream components of the ethylene transduction pathway known to regulate the transcription of early ethylene-responsive genes in plants. Previous studies have shown that phosphorylation can repress their transcriptional activity by promoting protein degradation. The present study identifies a new phosphorylation region named EPR1 (EIN3/EIL phosphorylation region 1) in tomato EIL1 proteins. The functional significance of EPR1 was tested by introducing mutations in this region of the Sl-EIL1 gene and by expressing these mutated versions in transgenic tomato plants. Transient expression data and phenotypic analysis of the transgenic lines indicated that EPR1 is essential for the transcriptional activity of Sl-EIL1. Moreover, mutation in the EPR1 site that prevents phosphorylation abolishes ethylene constitutive responses normally displayed by the Sl-EIL1-overexpressing lines. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) studies showed that the presence of a functional phosphorylation site within EPR1 is instrumental in the dimerization of Sl-EIL1 proteins. The results illuminate a new molecular mechanism for the control of EIN3/EIL activity and propose a model where phosphorylation within the EPR1 promotes the dimerization process allowing the initiation of EIL-mediated transcription of early ethylene-regulated genes
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