1,280 research outputs found
sj-pdf-1-imr-10.1177_03000605231190553 - Supplemental material for A case of Smith–Magenis syndrome with skin manifestations caused by a novel locus mutation in the RAI1 gene
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-imr-10.1177_03000605231190553 for A case of Smith–Magenis syndrome with skin manifestations caused by a novel locus mutation in the RAI1 gene by Xiaobin Wu, Li Zhang, Sisi Chen and Yanxi Li in Journal of International Medical Research</p
Design and fabrication of 4H-SiC detectors towards single photon counting
No full textThis thesis covers initiative works and innovative improvements in designing, fabricating and calibrating the world's first 4H-SiC single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs). In comparison to previous SiC APDs, the SiC SPADs have completely different targets. Major improvements are made in almost all aspects from wafer structure design, mask design, to characterizations. The robust and radiation-hard SiC SPADs, which are designed to replace the bulky PMTs and fragile Si SPADs, target at ultra high sensitive UV detection, towards the ultimate sensitivity--quantum limit. SiC SPADs can be widely used in missile and aircraft alarm system, none-line-of-sight (NLOS) and quantum communications, UV 3-D imaging, downhole exploration, as well as many NASA applications, such as low-earth orbit fluorescence observations.
The following areas are discussed in details in this thesis: wafer structure and mask design, a new bevel and MJTE edge termination technology for SiC SPADs, as well as improvements for an ultra low dark current, high quantum efficiency, and low dark count rate and high single photon detection efficiency. Future work is also proposed for further improving SiC SPADs.
The milestones in this thesis work include, the world's first SiC SPAD fabricated in 2004; the world's largest SiC SPAD (260µmx260µm) in 2004; a single photon counting measurement system with passive quenching circuit in 2004; a SiC SPAD with the highest gain (109) in 2005; a SiC SPAD with the lowest dark current ([less than]4fA at 50% of breakdown voltage and [less than]26fA at 95% of breakdown voltage) in 2007; the world's first SiC SAM SPAD with thick absorption layer, high quantum efficiency (~58%), and a significantly lower dark count rate than the first SiC SPAD in 2007; a new bevel edge termination technology; and a new p-type metal recipe leading to a low 10-4~ low 10-5Ωcm2 specific contact resistance for p-type 4H-SiC with minimum consumption of SiC ([less than]1500Å) in 2007.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical references (p. 188-191)
Comparison of the Proliferation and Differentiation Potential of Human Urine-, Placenta Decidua Basalis-, and Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells
No full textHuman multipotent stem cell-based therapies have shown remarkable potential in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications due to their abilities of self-renewal and differentiation into multiple adult cell types under appropriate conditions. Presently, human multipotent stem cells can be isolated from different sources, but variation among their basic biology can result in suboptimal selection of seed cells in preclinical and clinical research. Thus, the goal of this study was to compare the biological characteristics of multipotent stem cells isolated from human bone marrow, placental decidua basalis, and urine, respectively. First, we found that urine-derived stem cells (USCs) displayed different morphologies compared with other stem cell types. USCs and placenta decidua basalis-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDB-MSCs) had superior proliferation ability in contrast to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs); these cells grew to have the highest colony-forming unit (CFU) counts. In phenotypic analysis using flow cytometry, similarity among all stem cell marker expression was found, excluding CD29 and CD105. Regarding stem cell differentiation capability, USCs were observed to have better adipogenic and endothelial abilities as well as vascularization potential compared to BMSCs and PDB-MSCs. As for osteogenic and chondrogenic induction, BMSCs were superior to all three stem cell types. Future therapeutic indications and clinical applications of BMSCs, PDB-MSCs, and USCs should be based on their characteristics, such as growth kinetics and differentiation capabilities
Organic fertilizers incorporation increased microbial necromass accumulation more than mineral fertilization in paddy soil via altering microbial traits
No full textLong-term fertilization is considered as the most effective practice in organic C accrual in intensively managed paddy soils. However, the contribution and mechanism of microbial necromass C for soil organic C accrual, and the effective incremental component in paddy soils under the different fertilization remain unclear. To address the knowledge gap, we collected soils from a 31-year long-term fertilization paddy field including no fertilization (control), mineral fertilizers alone (NPK), mineral fertilizers plus rice straw incorporation (NPK + S), and mineral fertilizers plus manure incorporation (NPK + M). Living microbial biomass and their necromass were quantified by the biomarker analysis of phospholipid fatty acids and amino sugars, respectively. Results showed that the three fertilization treatments significantly increased the bacterial and fungal biomass in both 0–10 and 10–20 cm layers, which were universally greatest in NPK + M. The microbial necromass C was little affected by 31-year mineral fertilization; however, mineral combined organic fertilizers incorporation greatly stimulated microbial necromass C accumulation. Besides, soil treated with NPK + M showed 3.55 ± 0.12 g kg−1 higher accumulation of microbial necromass C than NPK + S, because manure application increased the abundance of Gram-positive r-strategy bacteria (mainly Firmicutes and Actinobacteria), and enriched filamentous fungi (Ascomycota). Compared to the control, the increase in the microbial necromass C contribution to SOC was lowest in NPK and highest in NPK + M, mainly derived from the variation in the contribution of bacterial necromass. Consequently, this study suggested long-term mineral combined manure application in subtropical paddy fields could effectively increase soil C sequestration by strengthening microbial necromass accumulation. Bacterial and fungal necromass C accrual was closely associated with living microbial biomass and their community structure. Given the C sequestration potential of manure in paddy soil, as the crucial resource of livestock and poultry waste in this region, it should be incorporated into subtropical agricultural ecosystems.No Full Tex
Gerenhua xiezuo: una scrittura individualistica?: Chen Ran, Hai Nan, Hong Ying, Lin Bai, Xu Kun, Xu Xiaobin e la letteratura femminile cinese degli anni '90
No full textNegli anni '90 un fenomeno nuovo ha definitivamente preso piede nel mondo
letterario cinese: il pluralismo. Viene a crearsi una situazione complessa nella quale
diversi elementi, come la progressiva apertura economica della Cina, l'influsso di
esperienze e teorie letterarie occidentali, una rapida urbanizzazione si combinano e
danno vita a svariate interpretazioni artistiche.
Il contesto pluralistico degli anni '90 è stato terreno fertile per la nascita e la
maturazione di nuova tendenza letteraria tutta al femminile. Alcune scrittrici, nate in
genere tra la fine degli anni '50 e i primi anni '60, rappresentano ques'originale
tendenza: Chen Ran (nata a Pechino nel 1962), Lin Bai (nata nella provincia del
Guangxi nel 1958), Hai Nan (nata nella provincia dello Yunnan in 1962) e Xu Xiaobin
(nata a Pechino nel 1953). Esse incarnano il nucleo della cosiddetta Scrittura
Individualistica (gerenhua xiezuo). Tuttavia, sulla base di alcune analogie esistenti,
anche altre scrittrici possono venire loro affiancate, cioè Hong Ying (nata nel 1962 a
Chongqing) and Xu Kun (nata nel 1965 nella provincia del Liaoning). Tutte queste
scrittrici hanno raggiunto il successo negli anni '90, con la sola eccezione di Xu Xiaobin
la cui notorietà è iniziata a metà degli anni '80.
La produzione letteraria di queste scrittrici è ricca e spazia dalla narrativa (con
duanpian xìaoshuo, zhongpian xiaoshuo e romanzi), alla saggistica (sanwen and suibi),
fino alla poesia.
Bisogna sottolineare che nessuna di queste scrittrici ritiene di condividere alcuno
scopo letterario o poetico con le altre, non ci sono propositi comuni o ideali condivisi.
Tuttavia esistono forti analogie tra loro a più livelli, come, ad esempio, nello stile e nei
contenuti della loro narrativa.
La critica letteraria cinese ha coniato diverse definizioni per questa tendenza
letteraria. Una di queste categorie è Scrittura del Privato {sirenhua xiezuo), che mette in
evidenza la propensione delle scrittrici per tematiche narrative autoreferenziali: tendono
ad investigare la vita privata delle donne e ad analizzare il proprio mondo intcriore
smembrandolo e ricostruendolo come in un gioco ad incastro.
Ci sono poi definizioni più generiche del fenomeno, come Letteratura Femminile
(nuxing wenxue) o Letteratura Femminile degli anni '90 (jiushìniandai nùxing wenxue).
Queste mettono a fuoco due aspetti fondamentali: l'appartenenza delle autrici al
"secondo sesso" ed il loro aver svelato il mondo privato femminile anche in maniera
estrema.
Un'ulteriore categoria è Letteratura Minore o Letteratura Marginale {feizhuliu
wenxué), che si riferisce all'apparente noncuranza verso le grandi questioni sociali e la
predilezione per le problematiche dell'individuo. Le opere di queste scrittrici sono
considerate marginali anche perché spesso trattano tematiche generalmente ritenute
tabù.
Scrittura Individualistica (gerenhua xiezuo) risulta essere la definizione che le
scrittrici sono più propense ad accettare. Non ingabbia le loro opere, si limita ad
indicare la loro originalità e la loro appartenenza esclusiva all'autrice.
La novità di questo fenomeno letterario risiede principalmente in due aspetti. In
primo luogo una forte affermazione dell'individualismo che accomuna tutte le scrittrici
e che è in netta contrapposizione con la tradizione culturale cinese, in cui la cultura e
l'ideologia dovevano essere monolitiche ed unitarie. Il secondo aspetto è costituito dalla
piena maturazione delle scrittrici della coscienza di sé e del proprio genere. La Scrittura
Individualistica rappresenta il passaggio definitivo delle donne dall'essere l'oggetto
della narrazione ad agire come soggetto.
Questo lavoro si divide sostanzialmente in tre parti: l'analisi critica del fenomeno
letterario, le interviste a Chen Ran, Hai Nan, Xu Xiaobin ed al critico Chen Xiaoming e
la traduzione di cinque racconti delle scrittrici.
In the 1990's a new phenomenon definitively broke into the Chinese literary
world: pluralism. This refers to a complex situation where different elements, such as
the increasing economic opening of China, the influence of Western literary experiences
and theories as well as a rapid commercialization and urbanization, mix together and
give way to manifold artistic interpretations.
The pluralistic context of the 1990's has been fertile soil for the flourishing and
blooming of a new and fresh literary tendency run by women. Some women writers,
most born either late in the 1950's or at the very beginning of the 1960's, represent this
original trend: Chen Ran (born in Peking in 1962), Hai Nan (born in Yunnan Province
in 1962), Lin Bai (born in Guangxi Province in 1958), and Xu Xiaobin (born in Peking
in 1953). They embody the core of the so-called 'Individualized' Writing (gerenhua
xiezuo). However, other women writers can be placed, on the basis of some existing
analogies, side by side with them, that is, Hong Ying (born in 1962 in Chongqing) and
Xu Kun (born in 1965 in Liaoning Province). All these writers have come to success in
the 1990's, the only exception being Xu Xiaobin, who had already gained notoriety in
the mid-eighties.
The literary production of these women writers is plentiful, ranging from fiction
(including both duanpian xiaoshuo, zhongpian xiaoshuo and novels), to non-fiction
(sanwen and suibi), as well as to poetry.
It should be emphasized that none of these writers considers herself as sharing any
literary or poetical aim with the others, since there are no mutual purposes or common
ideals. Yet, there are strong analogies among them on different levels, with reference to
typology, style, and contents of narration.
Chinese literary critics have given different names to this new trend in literature.
One of their definitions is Private Writing {sirenhua xiezuo), most likely because it
stresses writers' inclination to 'self-referring' narrative topics: they tend to investigate
women's private lives and to analyze their inner worlds by breaking it into bits and
reassembling it again like a jigsaw puzzle.
Then there are general and indefinite categories, such as Women's Literature
(niixing wenxue) or Women's Literature of the Nineties (jiushiniandai nuxing wenxue).
However, they focus on two key-aspects: all these writers belong to the 'second sex'
and, above all, reached the great achievement of disclosing women's inner world and
private life to the highest degree.
A further categorization is Minor Literature or Not Main-stream Literature
(feizhuliu wenxue), since it neglects the major social questions and concentrates on the
trifling matters of the individual. The works by these women writers are considered to
be marginal also because they deal with topics generally seen as taboos.
'Individualized' Writing (gerenhua xiezuo) is likely to be the definition that
women writers are more inclined to accept. It allows less rigid boundaries to their
works, simply pointing out their originality and their belonging exclusively to the
author.
The novelty behind 'Individualized' Writing is basically related to two main
features. First of all novelty is to be found in a strong assertion of individualism, shared
by all the writers, in sharp contraposition with Chinese cultural tradition, in which
culture and ideology had to be monolithic and unitary. In the second place, it is related
to the full ripening of women writers' consciousness of their own gender.
'Individualized' Writing represents women's definitive shift from being the object of
narration to acting as its subject.
This work is divided in three main sections: the critical analysis of the literary
phenomenon, the interviews to Chen Ran, Hai Nan, Xu Xiaobin and to Professor Chen
Xiaoming, the translation into Italian of five stories by the writers
Intensive N2 fixation accelerates microbial turnover in cropland soils
No full texthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100009108 Shandong Universityhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809 National Natural Science Foundation of Chin
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