101,839 research outputs found
Movement planning under risk differs from decision making under risk in how subjects make use of probability information.
No full textTrommershäuser, Maloney & Landy (JOSA, 2003) studied performance in tasks that were formally equivalent to decision making under risk. They found that subjects' planned movements nearly maximized expected gain, a result inconsistent with the decision making literature. Here we replicated a decision making experiment (Wu & Gonzalez, Management Science,1996) that tested whether subjects correctly use probability information in choosing between lotteries. We replicate the original experiment with the probabilities of outcomes explicitly given in the lotteries and we also replicated the experiment with each lottery translated into an equivalent motor task (“motor lottery”) where the probability of each outcome is implicit in movement uncertainty. We will describe how we measured subjects' movement uncertainty and designed an equivalent motor lottery for any given lottery. Each subject ran the implicit and explicit conditions in counterbalanced order. Task: On each trial in both conditions subjects indicated which lottery/motor lottery they preferred (2AFC). They knew that, at the end of the experiment, they would be allowed to attempt only one of their preferred explicit lotteries and one of their preferred implicit motor lotteries chosen at random and receive the outcome. Results: All subjects failed to correctly use probability information or maximize expected gain in the explicit condition, consistent with Wu & Gonzalez. Five out of eight of these subjects made choices consistent with maximizing expected gain in the implicit (motor lottery) condition. The results indicate that planning rapid movements differs qualitatively from classical decision making in how subjects make use of probability information
Single- and Multi-carrier Quadrature Amplitude Modulation: Principles and Applications for Personal Communications, WATM and Broadcasting: 2nd
No full textSingle- and Multi-carrier Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Principles and Applications for Personal Communications, WLANs and Broadcasting L. Hanzo Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK W. Webb Motorola, Arlington Heights, USA formerly at Multiple Access Communications Ltd, Southampton, UK T. Keller Ubinetics, Cambridge Technology Centre, Melbourn, UK formerly at Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK Motivated by the rapid evolution of wireless communication systems, this expanded second edition provides an overview of most major single- and multi-carrier Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) techniques commencing with simple QAM schemes for the uninitiated through to complex, rapidly-evolving areas, such as arrangements for wide-band mobile channels. Targeted at the more advanced reader, the multi-carrier modulation based second half of the book presents a research-orientated outlook using a variety of novel QAM-based arrangements. * Features six new chapters dealing with the complexities of multi-carrier modulation which has found applications ranging from Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) to Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) * Provides a rudimentary introduction for readers requiring a background in the field of modulation and radio wave propagation * Discusses classic QAM transmission issues relevant to Gaussian channels * Examines QAM-based transmissions over mobile radio channels * Incorporates QAM-related orthogonal techniques, considers the spectral efficiency of QAM in cellular frequency re-use structures and presents a QAM-based speech communications system design study * Introduces Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) over both Gaussian and wideband fading channels By providing an all-encompassing self-contained treatment of single- and multi- carrier QAM based communications, a wide range of readers including senior undergraduate and postgraduate students, practising engineers and researchers alike will all find the coverage of this book attractive
DNA fusion gene vaccination mobilizes effective anti-leukemic cytotoxic T lymphocytes from a tolerized repertoire
No full textThe majority of known human tumor-associated antigens derive from non-mutated self proteins. T cell tolerance, essential to prevent autoimmunity, must therefore be cautiously circumvented to generate cytotoxic T cell responses against these targets. Our strategy uses DNA fusion vaccines to activate high levels of peptide-specific CTL. Key foreign sequences from tetanus toxin activate tolerance-breaking CD4+ T cell help. Candidate MHC class Ibinding tumor peptide sequences are fused to the C terminus for optimal processing and presentation. To model performance against a leukemia-associated antigen in a tolerized setting, we constructed a fusion vaccine encoding an immunodominant CTL epitopederived from Friend murine leukemia virus gag protein (FMuLVgag) and vaccinated tolerant FMuLVgag-transgenic (gag-Tg) mice. Vaccination with the construct induced epitopespecificIFN-c-producing CD8+ T cells in normal and gag-Tg mice. The frequency and avidity of activated cells were reduced in gag-Tg mice, and no autoimmune injury resulted. However, these CD8+ T cells did exhibit gag-specific cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Also, epitope-specific CTL killed FBL-3 leukemia cells expressing endogenous FMuLVgag antigen and protected against leukemia challenge in vivo. These results demonstrate a simple strategy to engage anti-microbial T cell help to activate epitope-specific polyclonal CD8+ T cell responses from a residual tolerized repertoire
Letter from Stephen T. Mather, U.S. National Park Service to Jesse L. Boyce
No full textLetter from the Director of the National Park Service, Stephen T. Mather, to Jesse L. Boyce informing him that immediate action is being taken to remove the TNT from the Grand Canyon
Frisilia anningensis Wu 1997
No full text16. Frisilia anningensis Wu, 1997 Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 22 (1): 87, Fig. 2. TL: China, Yünnan. [IZAS, China]. Diagnosis. The species is similar to F. s u l c a t a Meyrick, which was described from N. India, and it is characterized by the male genitalia with a small spine on the ventral margin of the valva, and extremely emarginated on the caudal margin of the juxta. The female is as yet unknown. Adult (Fig. 17, holotype). Wingspan, 19.0 mm. Male genitalia (Figs. 48, 48 a). See Wu (1997 a: Fig. 2). Material examined. 1 ♂ (holotype), Prov. Yunnan, 16 VIII 1982, gen. prep. no. IZAS-W 89178. Distribution. China.Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Wu, Chunseng, Kun, Andras & Sohn, And Jae-Cheon, 2008, A taxonomic review of the genus Frisilia Walker (Lepidoptera: Lecithoceridae), with description of two new species, pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 1696 on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18072
Frisilia anningensis Wu 1997
No full text16. Frisilia anningensis Wu, 1997 Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 22 (1): 87, Fig. 2. TL: China, Yünnan. [IZAS, China]. Diagnosis. The species is similar to F. s u l c a t a Meyrick, which was described from N. India, and it is characterized by the male genitalia with a small spine on the ventral margin of the valva, and extremely emarginated on the caudal margin of the juxta. The female is as yet unknown. Adult (Fig. 17, holotype). Wingspan, 19.0 mm. Male genitalia (Figs. 48, 48 a). See Wu (1997 a: Fig. 2). Material examined. 1 ♂ (holotype), Prov. Yunnan, 16 VIII 1982, gen. prep. no. IZAS-W 89178. Distribution. China.Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Wu, Chunseng, Kun, Andras & Sohn, And Jae-Cheon, 2008, A taxonomic review of the genus Frisilia Walker (Lepidoptera: Lecithoceridae), with description of two new species, pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 1696 on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18072
Camponotus lasiselene Wang & Wu 1994
No full textCamponotus lasiselene Wang & Wu, 1994 (fig. 4) M a t e r i a l s e x a m i n e d. Nepal: Kathmandu, Ranibari Community Forest [27.729444 N 85.3205555 E], 1310 m, pitfall collection, 13– 15.10.2019, 1 ♀ worker (IP Subedi, RP Pokhrel, S Subedi & A Subedi) (CDZMTU); idem, hand collection, 14.04.2021, 2 ♀ workers (IP Subedi, I Pandit & A Subedi) (CDZMTU). D i s t r i b u t i o n. Nepal (new record), China, Thailand, Vietnam. T a x o n o m i c n o t e s. Our worker specimen has an opaque black body with extremely abundant whitish short hairs, brownish red mandibles, antennae and tarsus, square-shaped head, short, broad and dorsally margined alitrunk, pronotum with acute margin, two plier-shaped propodeal spines and large, cylindrical gaster. The specimen was identified as C. lasiselene based on the species description and key in Wang & Wu (1994). C. lasiselene is very close to Fig. 4. Camponotus lasiselene. C. selene in the color, shape and sculpture of the body but has abundant whitish erect hair on the body (Wang & Wu, 1994).Published as part of Subedi, I. P., Budha, P. B., Bharti, H., Alonso, L. & Yamane, S., 2021, First Record Of The Ant Subgenus Orthonotomyrmex Of The Genus Camponotus From Nepal (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), pp. 279-284 in Zoodiversity 55 (4) on pages 281-282, DOI: 10.15407/zoo2021.04.279, http://zenodo.org/record/637784
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