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An Optimal Model for Recycled Material Blending Manufacturing by Considering Interrelationships among Demand,Recycled Material Quantity and Price
No full text摘要年來，各國企業皆開始將逆向物流的概念納入營運作業模式中，不僅可以減少環境污染，逆向物流也可以讓企業從中獲得競爭力，如降低成本、提升企業形象等。當企業納入逆向物流的營運後，大都會採用再生物料(recycled material)進行生產，且使用再生物料為原料時常會加入原始物料混合生產以增加物料特性的強度，進而符合品質的標準，另外廠商的製造設備會因為物料混合比例的不同，而有不同的設定參數，所以製造設備的參數設定無法在短時間內任意的更改，再加上再生物料的回收量、市場價格與產品的需求量間具有連動關係，因此本研究將探討一逆向物流決策者在某期間內進行再生物料的混合生產中，如何找出其最佳混合比例，以符合實際之需求。 本研究探討混合比例的建置，同時參考國內資源回收費率制度相關文獻，建構出一個在需求量、回收量及再生物料價格間具有連動關係之混合物料製造商，以成本最小化的觀點，設計出隨機非線性規劃模型，並進行模型求解，且設計一些隨機情境，以瞭解在產品需求量具不確定性，不同的費率結構下，不同的需求量與回收量及回收量與再生物料價格顯著性下，對於製造商的物料混合比例決策及總成本的影響。過本研究可以得知製造商的再生物料混合比例會因為需求變異、需求量與回收量之斜率及回收量與再生物料價格之斜率的不同而有所影響，而需求變異則會改變需求量與回收量之斜率及回收量與再生物料價格之斜率對於混合比例的影響，另外，製造商總成本會受到需求變異、費率結構及回收量與再生物料價格之斜率的影響。因此就再生物料混合比例的決策而言，製造商在面對平均價格較低的再生物料時，並不會完全採用最高的混合比例進行生產，還是會考慮其他因素，才選擇其最佳的物料混合比例。而費率結構對廠商而言，是影響製造商生產成本最大的因子，因此政府在制訂費率結構的時候，必須同時考量政策的制訂是否能有效的達到目標，及對製造商成本上的衝擊。Abstractn recent years, many enterprises incorporate the concept of the reverse logistics to gain competitive strength, such as lowering costs. When enterprises emphasize the operation of the reverse logistics, they may use the recycled material to manufacture the products. And when the recycled material is used in manufacturing, manufacturers must blend recycled material with new material to increase the intensity of mixed material to conform quality requirements. Especially, as the blending proportion changed, the setting parameters of manufacture equipment need to be readjusted. Besides, there are interrelationships among product demand, recycled material quantity and price needed to be considered. Thus, in this research, we intend to discuss how the policymaker of the manufacturer decides an optimal blending proportion between recycled material and new material, and also examine how the parameters affect his blending proportion and related cost.nitially, a multi-period stochastic non-linear programming model is constructed and solved based on past researches of recycled material blending proportion, resources recycle fee and subsidy mechanisms, and the interrelationships among product demand, recycled material quantity and price. Moreover, experiment design is used to analyze how blending proportion and total cost are affected by different parameters including product demand, fee and subsidy structure, slope between product demand and recycled material quantity, and slope between recycled material quantity and price.rom the results of analysis, we find that product demand, slope between product demand and recycled material quantity, and slope between recycled material quantity and price have the great impact on the blending proportion, while product demand variation can have significant influence on slope between product demand and recycled material quantity and slope between recycled material quantity and price. In addition, product demand, fee and subsidy structure, and slope between recycled material quantity and price have the impact on total cost. From our results, it shows that the manufacturer may not use too high blending proportion of recycled material even if average price of recycled material is low since he needs to consider other factors to decide the best blending proportion. Also, the fee and subsidy structure plays the most important role in determining the total manufacturing cost. Thus, the government must take all factors into consideration to assure that the fee and subsidy structure could achieve what they want and the influence on total manufacturing cost.目錄.............................................................................................................................I次.......................................................................................................III次.........................................................................................................................IV一章 緒論...............................................................................................................1.1 研究動機..............................................................................................................1.2 研究目的..............................................................................................................3.3 研究架構..............................................................................................................4.4 論文架構..............................................................................................................5二章 文獻探討.......................................................................................................6.1 逆向物流..............................................................................................................6.1.1 逆向物流的定義...............................................................................................6.1.2 逆向物流相關議題之文獻探討.....................................................9.2 資源回收費率制度之文獻探討.....................................................11.2.1 資源回收制度簡介........................................................................11.1.2 國內費率制度的訂定......................................................................11.3 物料混合比例之文獻探討...............................................................12.4 相關文獻比較..........................................................................13三章 需求量、回收量及再生物料價格間具有連動關係之混合物料生產模型...........15.1 模型概念與運作流程.....................................................................15.1.1 模型概念與運作流程說明.........................................................15.1.2 模型細部設定................................................16.2 混合物料生產模型之建立...................................................19.2.1 模型假設...........................................................19.2.2 註標說明.....................................................................................19.2.3 決策變數.....................................20.2.4 引伸變數.....................................................................................20.2.5 參數.............................................................................................20.2.6 隨機非線性規劃多期模型.................................................................22.2.7 模型說明...............................................................24.3 模型求解方法...................................................25.3.1 線搜尋法...............................................................................25.3.2 均等搜尋求解.............................................................................26.4 模型求解範例.......................................................................28四章 實驗設計與分析.....................................33.1 情境設定....................................................................34.1.1 參數設定......................................................................34.1.2 實驗設計...........................................................................................35.2 實驗設計結果分析.........................................................................37.2.1 再生物料混合比例分析...........................................37.2.2 總成本分析.......................................................................42.3 小結............................................................48五章 結論與未來研究方向..................................................50.1 研究結論............................................................................................50.2 研究貢獻..........................................................................................51.3 研究限制.....................................................................51.4 未來研究方向.......................................................................52考文獻...................................................................................53路資源..........................................................................5
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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