1,721,293 research outputs found
A study of Wu Ning defense command in Tang dynasty
No full text碩士徐州地區自古便是軍事重地，隋代建立後，隨著運河的開發，徐州地區因位處運河與淮河的交通樞紐，故地位大為提昇；入唐後，特別在玄宗天寶十四年（755）安史之亂爆發後，徐州的固守成為一個重要的關鍵。德宗貞元四年（788）於徐州設立節度，貞元十六年（800）廢節，順宗永貞元年（805）再度建節，並賜名「武寧」。張愔成為第一任武寧節度使，領徐、泗、濠三州，憲宗元和四年（809）增領宿州。隨後領地雖屢有增減，但大致以徐、泗、濠、宿四州為範圍。
武寧鎮建節後，由於轄區與淮西與淄青兩鎮接壤，故一直是唐中央積極努力穩固的地區，但在穆宗長慶二年（822）王智興以武力得到武寧節度使後，徐州自此進入不被朝廷完全掌控時期，特別是在文宗大和六年（832）年王智興離職後，從832到862這三十年間，武寧地區共發生三次武力驅逐節度事件，與同時期的鄰鎮宣武、淮南相比，頻率非常高。朝廷對它們驅逐藩鎮的變亂屢次採取姑息的態度，直到懿宗咸通三年（862）王式擔任節度使後，他到任後，幾乎殺盡了武寧的軍人，朝廷遂順勢廢除武寧，僅留將士三千人鎮守於徐州鎮守，其餘的分屬兗海及宿州。
武寧被廢節後，許多軍人多成為草寇，並與江淮私鹽盜賊結合，造成當時嚴重的社會事件，又因當時的西南邊患問題，導致防守西南的徐州兵叛變，在咸通九年（868）發生叛變，攻入徐州，且與前述群體相糾結，史稱「龐勛之亂」。雖然動亂僅為時一年即告平息，但朝廷為此卻動員了大批的軍力，甚至求助於外族沙陀。龐勛亂平後，有鑑於廢節鎮後兵員的不足，朝廷決定重新在徐州立節，定名「感化」，很明顯的就是希望此地能夠受朝廷之感化，成為中央的助力。但此後唐室自顧不暇，雖徐州軍士仍以武力的方式驅逐節度使或擅據一方，唐中央實以無力再顧及此一地區之局勢。
唐中央對感化軍的控制力在昭宗景福元年（892）完全瓦解，其原因就在於徐州為宣武節度使朱全忠所奪取，自此直到唐被朱全忠於哀帝天祐四年（907）所篡，徐州一直為朱全忠所控。
本文著重於貞元四年到天祐四年間徐州地區與朝廷的關係，特別在武寧建節後，官員為何會被派遣到徐州擔任節度使，以及武寧在唐中葉後的歷史地位。此外，武寧鎮為何會是中原地區的藩鎮中，被朝廷視為最難以控制的節鎮；武寧軍人屢次驅逐節度使的原因又是為何，這都是本文中所要討論的。Xuzhou region has been an important military strategic point since long time ago, after the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, with the construction of the canal, the position of Xuzhou was getting more important due to becoming a transport hub of the canal and the Huaihe River. By Entering Tang Dynasty, especially after Rebellion of An Lu-shan and Shih Sze-ming in 755 years, Defending Xuzhou had become an significant key to avoid incasions. In 788 years, Defense Command was established in Xuzhou, and cancelled in 800 year. In 805 years, Defense Command was established once again and granted as “Wu Ning”. Chang Yin was the first Wu Ning Supply Commissioner. The Supply Commissioner dominated Xuzhou, Sizhou, and Hauzhou. From 809 years, Suzhou was also dominated. After that, there were several additions and deletions of the territory, however, the ambit was approximately in these four regions mentioned above.
After the establishment of Defense Command in Wu Ning, it had been the region that the Tang authorities enthusiastically worked hard to secure due to it was bounded by Huai Shi and Tzu Ching. Nevertheless, in 822 years, after Wang Chih Hsing acquired the Wu Ning Supply Commissioner by armed force, Xuzhou, from that on, was no longer dominated by the authorities, particularly the three decades from 832 to 862 years after Wang Chih Hsing left he’s position, the Supply Commissioners had been banished by armed force for three times, it is highly more frequent comparing to Shiuan Wu and Huai Nan in the same period. The authorities over-tolerated the armed rebellion of Supply Commissioner until 862 years; Wang Shih was nominated as the new Supply Commissioner. He murdered all the soldiers in Wu Ning after he arrived and the authorities made use of this opportunity to abolish Wu Ning Defense Command and left only three thousand soldiers guarding Xuzhou, and the rest belong to Yen Hai and Suzhou.
After the abolishment of Wu Ning Defense Command, Many former soldiers became bandits and allied with the salt thieves in Jiang Huai region. These people brought about serious social issues. Meanwhile, the trouble on the frontier in the southwest border resulted in the betrayal of the soldiers guarded in Xuzhou. The gangsters got together and captured Xuzhou in 868 years, known as ”Rebellion of Pang Shiun”. The rebellion was put down after one year, though the authorities mobilized a large number of armed forces, even resorted outside clan, Shatuo. After putting down Rebellion of Pang Shiun, the authorities saw that the lack of military forces due to abolishment of Defense Command, they decided to establish Defense Command again in Xuzhou and granted as “Gan Hua”. It is obvious that the Defense Command was wished to be inspired by the authorities and to become an auxiliary. But hereafter, the Tang authorities was busy enough with it’s own affairs, although the soldiers in Xuzhou was still using armed forces to banish Supply Commissioner, the Tang authorities was no longer able to take care of the situation in this region.
The control of Tang authorities to the military force in Gan Hua was completely collapsed in 892 years. The reason was that Ju Chiuan Jung, the Xuan Wu Supply Commissioner, acquired Xuzhou by armed forces. Since then until Tang Dynasty was usurped by Ju Chiuan Jung, Xuzhou was dominated by Ju Chiuan Jung all the times.
This thesis emphasized on describing the relationship between Xuzhou region and the authorities, especially after the establishment of Wu Ning Defense Command, Why was an official sent to Xuzhou as a Supply Commissioner? And how was the historical position of Wu Ning after Mid Tang Dynasty? Besides, Why was Wu Ning Defense Command the most difficult Defense Command to be controlled by the authorities of all the Defense Command in Central China? Why the military forces banished the Supply Commissioners for several times? These were all discussed in this thesis.第一章 緒論
第一節 研究動機與研究範圍......................001
第二節 史料分析與研究回顧......................003
第三節 研究方法................................008
第二章 大徐州地區的變化與發展
第一節 大徐州地區自然地理略論..................009
一、自然地理..................................009
二、農業發展..................................010
三、氣候......................................012
第二節 大徐州地區行政區域的改變................017
第三節 唐代大徐州地區水運及人口的發展..........022
第三章 武寧軍建節前徐州地區的發展
第一節 安史之亂前徐州的發展并徐州刺史的派遣....027
第二節 安史之亂至德宗建中二年間徐州刺史的任命..033
第三節 張建封與徐、泗、濠三州的建節............041
第四章 武寧軍的建鎮與試圖自主時期
第一節 武寧的建鎮..............................055
第二節 王智興治理下的武寧......................070
第三節 武寧軍的自主行為表現時期................084
第五章 龐勛之亂後武寧軍的變化
第一節 徐州重新建節鎮前的情況與發展............111
第二節 感化軍建鎮後的發展......................122
第六章 結論.....................................139
參考書目........................................145
附錄............................................157
附表一 唐初到長慶二年節度副使表................157
圖目次
圖（2-1） 大徐州地區水文圖.......................024
圖（4-1） 元和四年（809）武寧州縣分佈圖..........062
圖（4-2） 元和十五年（820）武寧鎮鄰近諸鎮分佈圖..076
圖（5-1） 龐勛亂事路線、波及區域圖...............121
表目次
表（2-1） 玄宗天寶八年（749）天下十道正倉、異倉、常平倉所藏糧量..............................................011
表（2-2） 玄宗開元時期大徐州地區貢賦物品.........012
表（2-3） 東漢至唐大徐州地區水災表...............013
表（2-4） 晉至唐大徐州地區旱災表.................015
表（2-5） 晉至唐大徐州地區蝗害表.................015
表（2-6） 隋大業五年至唐元和八年大徐州地區戶數表.025
表（3-1） 唐高祖武德至玄宗天寶間徐州刺史表.......027
表（3-2） 安史之亂期間（755~763）徐州刺史表......037
表（3-3） 代宗寶應至大曆十一年前徐州刺史表.......039
表（3-4） 德宗建中元年（780）至貞元四年（788）徐州刺史表................................................042
表（3-5） 張建封任徐泗節度使任內文職人員表.......045
表（4-1） 安史之亂後至貞元十六年間父子、兄弟、宗人相繼的藩鎮節度使表........................................056
表（4-2） 元和時期宿州刺史表.....................063
表（4-3） 長慶二年（822）至大和六年（832）武寧鄰道節度表................................................077
表（4-4） 元和八年（813）河南道戶數表............079
表（4-5） 泗、濠兩州長慶二年（822）至大和六年（832）刺史表................................................080
表（4-6） 大和六年（832）至咸通三年（862）間天下藩鎮軍亂表................................................085
表（4-7） 大和六年（832）至咸通三年（862）間武寧、宣武、淮南節度使表........................................090
表（4-8） 大和六年（832）到咸通三年（862）武寧節度使表................................................098
表（5-1） 懿宗咸通三年（862）至咸通十一年（869）徐州刺史表................................................111
表（5-2） 咸通十一年（870）到景福二年（893）感化節度使表................................................122
表（5-3） 昭宗景福二年（893）至唐亡（907）武寧（感化）節度使表..............................................135學號: 693060013, 學年度: 9
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Hypoglycemic effect of guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) leaf extracts in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats
No full text糖尿病是現今常見的一種慢性代謝疾病，隨著生活品質的提昇及物質充裕，糖尿病病患的比例也日益增加。根據世界衛生組織預測，到西元 2025 年全球罹患糖尿病的人數將達到三億人。番石榴（Psidium guajava Linn.）屬桃金孃科（Myrtaceae），本省民間常將野生番石榴果實或葉片曬乾熬湯飲用，作為降火氣、清血、降血糖之用，是坊間盛行的糖尿病藥草療法。本研究係以低劑量 Streptozotocin（65 mg/Kg BW）與胰臟保護劑 Nicotinamide（230 mg/Kg BW）注射 Sprague-Dawley 大白鼠，使產生類似第二型糖尿病的動物模式，探討番石榴（Psidium guajava Linn.）葉部之水與乙醇萃取物的降血糖效果，及其對肝臟碳水化合物代謝之影響。結果顯示，在急性試驗中，番石榴葉水或醇萃物皆具有顯著延緩血糖上升的效果，且高劑量組（400 mg/Kg BW）效果優於低劑量組（200 mg/Kg BW）。而在長期灌食實驗中，期間於第四、六週進行口服葡萄糖耐受性試驗，結果顯示番石榴葉（灌食劑量 400 mg/Kg BW）水萃物或醇萃物均能明顯改善糖尿病鼠的葡萄糖耐受性；試驗動物於第六週犧牲後測其肝臟中碳水化合物代謝酵素活性變化，結果顯示長期灌食番石榴葉水萃物能活化肝臟 hexokinase（HKase）、phosphofructokinase（PFKase）、glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenas（G6PDHase）活性及降低 fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase（F1,6BPase）、Glucose -6-phosphatase（G6Pase）活性，顯示其能促進葡萄糖進入 glycolysis pathway 及 pentose monophosphate shunt 並減少肝臟葡萄糖的釋放而降低血糖；灌食番石榴葉乙醇萃取物之糖尿病大鼠只有 HKase 與 G6PDHase 活性較糖尿病組高，而 PFKase、 F1,6BPase 及 G6Pase 活性與糖尿病組並沒有顯著差異（p<0.05）。分析管餵六週後，糖尿病大鼠的骨骼肌及肝臟細胞葡萄糖攝入能力及肝醣合成能力的變化，結果顯示管餵葉粗萃物並不會促進骨骼肌對葡萄糖的攝入能力，但能增加肝臟細胞對葡萄糖的攝入能力並促進肝醣合成。綜合所得的結果得知，番石榴葉萃出物具顯著的降血糖效果，且其降血糖效果乃是藉由改變其肝臟碳水化合物代謝酵素活性，並增強糖尿病大白鼠肝臟對葡萄糖的攝入及肝醣合成能力，因而降低糖尿病大白鼠的高血糖現象。Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the major diseases that human being eagerly wants to overcome. In 2006, DM was the fourth of top ten causes of death in Taiwan and more than 95% are type 2 DM. Guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) is one of the most important economic fruit in Taiwan. Leaves and fruit of guava are believed to have hypoglycemic effects which have been popularly employed in traditional DM treatment in Taiwan. However, there is insufficient scientific evidence for guava to cure DM, especially type 2 DM. In the present study, we injected low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) plus nicotinamide (NA) into Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to induce Type 2 diabetes and to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect and the carbohydrate metabolism of water and ethanol extracts from guava leaves. The study contains two parts, the acute and the long term experiments. In the acute experiment, the water or ethanol extracts of guava leaves were prepared and in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects. In the long term experiment, we investigated the effect of aqueous or ethanol extracts from guava leaves in STZ–NA induced diabetic rats daily administered for 6 weeks.
Results of the acute experiment showed that plasma glucose levels of the diabetic rats administered with 200 or 400 mg/kg BW of aqueous or ethanol guava leaf extracts were lower than the diabetic control group (p<0.05). This indicated that aqueous or ethanol extracts from guava leaves could effectively delay the rise of plasma glucose after feeding in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats administered with 400 mg/kg BW of aqueous or ethanol guava leaf extracts significantly reduced plasma glucose than 200 mg/kg BW. Therefore, aqueous or ethanol extracts from guava leaves with dosage of 400 mg/kg BW were used to carry out the long term experiments.
The result of the long term experiments, showed that the diabetes groups fed with 400 mg/kg BW of aqueous or ethanol guava leaf extracts presented a significantly reduction of blood sugar level comparing to diabetes and normal groups (both fed with saline) and could delay the elevation of plasma glucose during the OGTT test after the fourth and sixth weeks. The rats were sacrificed at the 6 weeks and the carbohydrate metabolism enzyme activities in liver were measured. The activities of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenas in diabetic rats fed with aqueous guava leaf extracts were higher than those of diabetic control rats (p<0.05), while the activity of fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase was markedly lower than diabetic control rats (p<0.05). In addition, the activities of hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in diabetic rats fed with ethanol guava leaf extracts were higher than diabetic control rats, while the activities of phosphofructokinase, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase, and glucose-6-phosphatase were no different with each group. The blood glucose reduction ability of extracts from guava leaves in diabetic rats may be related with the activity of hepatic carbohydrate metabolic enzymes. In additional, the abilities of glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis are significantly promoted in hepatocytes of diabetic rats treated with aqueous or ethanol extracts from guava leaves. These results indicate that extracts of guava leaves may regulate the plasma glucose in STZ–NA induced type 2 diabetic rats.中文摘要..................................................i
英文摘要.................................................ii
目錄.....................................................iv
表目錄.................................................viii
圖目錄...................................................ix
第一章 前言...............................................1
第二章 文獻整理...........................................2
第一節 番石榴.............................................2
一、番石榴簡介............................................2
二、番石榴葉成分之研究....................................2
三、番石榴抗糖尿病或降血糖之研究..........................3
四、番石榴抗糖尿病成分之研究..............................3
第二節 糖尿病.............................................4
一、糖尿病簡介............................................4
二、糖尿病的典型症狀......................................5
三、糖尿病及血糖恆定失調的診斷標準........................5
四、糖尿病分類............................................8
五、糖尿病形成的原因.....................................11
六、糖尿病的併發症.......................................12
第三節 胰島素訊息傳遞與作用..............................14
一、胰島素...............................................14
二、胰島素受體（Insulin receptor, IR）...................14
三、胰島素受體基質（Insulin receptor substrate, IRS）....14
四、磷酸肌醇3激酶（phosphatidylinositol-3-OH-kinase）....15
五、葡萄糖轉運蛋白（Glucose transporter, GLUT）..........15
六、胰島素在細胞層次之作用...............................17
七、胰島素阻抗...........................................17
第四節 糖尿病研究之動物模式..............................18
一、研究糖尿病的動物模式.................................18
二、Streptozotocin (STZ)化學誘導糖尿病動物模式...........19
第三章 研究動機與目的及實驗架構..........................23
第一節 研究動機與目的....................................23
第二節 實驗架構..........................................25
第四章 材料與方法........................................27
第一節 番石榴(Psidium guajava Linn.)葉粗萃物之製備.......27
一、實驗材料.............................................27
（一）原料...............................................27
（二）實驗藥品與試劑.....................................27
（三）實驗儀器...........................................27
二、萃取方法和步驟.......................................28
（一）樣品製備...........................................28
（二）樣品蛋白質含量測定.................................28
（三）樣品總醣含量測定...................................29
（四）樣品總酚含量測定...................................29
第二節 急性實驗：探討急性灌食番石榴葉粗萃物對 STZ-NA 誘發之第二型糖尿病大鼠葡萄糖耐受性的影響.......................30
一、實驗流程.............................................30
二、實驗材料.............................................31
（一）樣品來源...........................................31
（二）實驗動物...........................................31
（三）動物飼料...........................................31
（四）實驗藥品與試劑.....................................31
（五）實驗儀器...........................................31
三、實驗步驟和方法.......................................32
（一）動物飼養...........................................32
（二）動物分組及誘導.....................................32
（三）急性灌食番石榴葉之水及乙醇萃出物對 STZ-NA 誘導糖尿病大鼠口服葡萄糖耐受性之影響...............................33
（四）血液的收集與處理...................................33
（五）血漿葡萄糖濃度之測定...............................34
第三節 長效性試驗：探討連續餵食番石榴葉萃出物對 STZ-NA 誘發之第二型糖尿病大鼠的影響.................................35
一、實驗流程.............................................35
二、實驗材料.............................................36
（一）樣品來源...........................................36
（二）實驗動物...........................................36
（三）動物飼料...........................................36
（四）實驗藥品與試劑.....................................36
（五）實驗儀器...........................................39
三、實驗步驟和方法.......................................40
（一）動物飼養...........................................40
（二）動物誘導及分組.....................................40
（三）長效性試驗.........................................40
（四）試驗方法...........................................41
1. 口服葡萄糖耐受性實驗..................................41
2. 血液處理..............................................41
3. 臟器的收集............................................41
4. 血漿葡萄糖濃度之測定..................................42
5. 血漿胰島素濃度之測定..................................42
6. 肝臟酵素活性測定......................................42
7. 血糖調控相關蛋白質含量之測定..........................44
8. 大鼠肝臟細胞葡萄糖攝入能力及及肝醣合成作用............48
9. 肝臟肝醣合成測定法....................................50
10. 大鼠骨骼肌對葡萄糖攝入測定...........................50
11. 統計分析.............................................51
第五章 結果..............................................52
第一節 番石榴(Psidium guajava Linn.)葉粗萃物之製備.......52
一、萃出率之測定.........................................52
二、樣品蛋白質、總醣及總酚含量...........................52
第二節 急性實驗：探討急性灌食番石榴葉粗萃物對 STZ-NA 誘發之第二型糖尿病大鼠葡萄糖耐受性的影響.......................53
一、番石榴葉粗萃物對大鼠口服葡萄糖耐受性影響.............53
第三節 長效性試驗：探討連續餵食番石榴葉粗萃物對 STZ-NA 誘發之第二型糖尿病大鼠的影響.................................54
一、葡萄糖耐受性實驗結果.................................54
（一）灌食番石榴葉粗萃物前之OGTT 血糖變化................54
（二）灌食番石榴葉粗萃物4週後 OGTT 血糖之變化............54
（三）灌食番石榴葉粗萃物6週後 OGTT 血糖之變化............55
（四）灌食番石榴葉粗萃物6週後 OGTT 胰島素之變化..........55
二、實驗期間大鼠體重變化.................................55
三、臟器相對重量.........................................56
四、肝臟碳水化合物代謝酵素活性變化.......................56
（一）Hexokinase (HKase) ................................56
（二）Phosphofructokinase（PFKase）......................56
（三）G-6-phosphate dehydrogenase（G6PDase）.............56
（四）Fructose-1,6-biphosphatase（F1,6BPase）............57
（五）Glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) ..................57
五、血糖調控相關蛋白質含量之測定.........................57
六、番石榴葉萃出物對第二型糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌葡萄糖攝入能力的影響.....................................................58
七、番石榴葉萃出物對第二型糖尿病大鼠肝細胞葡萄糖攝入能力及肝醣合成作用的影響.......................................58
第六章 討論..............................................60
一、急性灌食番石榴葉粗萃物對大鼠葡萄糖耐受性的影響.......60
二、連續餵食番石榴葉粗萃物對 STZ-NA 誘發之第二型糖尿病大鼠葡萄糖耐受性及胰島素濃度的影響...........................60
三、連續餵食番石榴葉粗萃物對第二型糖尿病大鼠體重及臟器重量變化的影響...............................................61
四、連續餵食番石榴葉粗萃物對第二型糖尿病大鼠肝臟醣類代謝的影響.....................................................61
五、連續餵食番石榴葉粗萃物對第二型糖尿病大鼠肝臟細胞葡萄糖轉運蛋白Ⅱ表現量的影響...................................63
六、連續餵食番石榴葉粗萃物對第二型糖尿病大鼠第二型糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌葡萄糖攝入能力的影響.............................64
七、連續餵食番石榴葉粗萃物對第二型糖尿病大鼠肝細胞葡萄糖攝入能力及肝醣合成作用的影響...............................64
第七章 結論..............................................65
參考文獻.................................................83
表目錄
表 一、糖尿病診斷標準.....................................7
表 二、人類的葡萄糖轉運蛋白..............................16
表 三、番石榴葉水萃出物與乙醇萃出物蛋白質、總醣及總酚含量.......................................................66
表 四、餵食番石榴葉萃出物六週後對第二型糖尿病鼠器官相對重量之影響...................................................67
圖目錄
圖 一、糖尿病分類.......................................10
圖 二、Streptozotocin 之化學結構........................21
圖 三、STZ造成大鼠胰臟β細胞死亡之機制...................21
圖 四、實驗架構.........................................24
圖 五、急性灌食番石榴葉萃出物並進行口服葡萄糖耐受性試驗對糖尿病大鼠血漿葡萄糖濃度變化之影響.......................68
圖 六、糖尿病大鼠長期灌食番石榴葉萃出物前進行口服葡萄糖耐受性試驗時血漿葡萄糖濃度之變化...........................69
圖 七、灌食番石榴葉萃出物四週後進行口服葡萄糖耐受性試驗時糖尿病大鼠血漿葡萄糖濃度之變化...........................70
圖 八、灌食番石榴葉萃出物六週後進行口服葡萄糖耐受性試驗時糖尿病大鼠血漿葡萄糖濃度之變化...........................71
圖 九、灌食番石榴葉萃出物六週後進行口服葡萄糖耐受性試驗時糖尿病大鼠血漿胰島素濃度之變化...........................72
圖 十、長期灌食番石榴葉萃出物六週期間大鼠體重變化.......73
圖十一、灌食番石榴葉萃出物六週後大鼠肝臟 hexokinase活性..74
圖十二、灌食番石榴葉萃出物六週後大鼠肝臟 phosphofructokinase活性..................................75
圖十三、灌食番石榴葉萃出物六週後大鼠肝臟glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase活性..............................76
圖十四、灌食番石榴葉萃出物六週後大鼠肝臟fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase活性.......................................77
圖十五、灌食番石榴葉萃出物六週後大鼠肝臟 Glucose-6-phosphatase 活性.........................................78
圖十六、灌食番石榴葉萃出物六週後大鼠肝臟細胞葡萄糖轉運蛋白Ⅱ之含量.................................................79
圖十七、灌食番石榴葉萃出物六週對糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌葡萄糖攝入作用的影響...............................................80
圖十八、灌食番石榴葉萃出物六週後對大鼠肝臟細胞葡萄糖攝入作用的影響.................................................81
圖十九、灌食番石榴葉萃出物六週後對大鼠肝臟細胞肝醣合成之影響.......................................................8
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
