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An Analysis on the Orientation of the Control Yuan's Powers in Future
No full text本文旨在探討我國監察權的演變與析論其未來的發展方向。首先，以歷史的研究途徑，究明我國憲法上監察權的淵源，包括傳統中國的監察制度、歐美的彈劾權，以及孫中山先生的主張。其次，從制度的研究途徑，歸納各國監察制度的類型－國會監察、監察使、行政監察和獨立的監察機關，並據以研判我國監察制度的屬性。接著，檢視憲改後我國監察權的變化，例如取消同意權和民代特權、提案彈劾的門檻提高、增列彈劾權行使的對象，以及不再單獨享有調查權等。最後，試擬各項監察院改革的方案，綜論我國監察權未來的發展方向。The provisions of Articles 95, 96, and 97 of the Constitution of the Republic of China, and Article 7 of the Additional Articles of the Republic of China provide the Control Yuan with the powers of impeachment, censure, investigation, audit and proposing corrective measures. According to the Control Law, the Control Yuan and its members may accept petitions from the people, and its members may also make circuit supervision and inspections in different areas. This paper aims to explore how the Control Yuan systems work effectively and analysis on the orientation of the Control Yuan's Powers in Future. At first, making use of historic approach, the author briefly elucidates the historical background affecting the control powers of ROC's constitution. It has patterned some of its ideas from the traditional Chinese supervision or impeachment, the Western parliamentary or congressional impeachment, and The Power of Control by Dr. Sun Yat-sen. Likewise, dealing with the institutional approach, the writer inducts the types of supervise systems in various countries, included congressional superintendence, Ombudsman institution, administrative control system and independent organization of control and investigate the attribute of the powers of control, one of the five powers of the government specified in the Constitution of the ROC. Moreover, the author examines the variations and differences that prior to the proclamation on the revised constitution, such as nullifying endorsement and privileges of representative, putting to a higher threshold of the impeachment motion, adding the objects of applying impeachment, and having investigation solely responsible no more. Thus, the writer intents to provide four choices for the reform of the Control Yuan: (1) Shall be the highest control organ of the state; (2) Subordinate to the legislative system; (3) Be attached to administrative organization; (4) Abolish the Control Yuan. Some scholars believe, and institution reform experiences in many countries have demonstrated, that gradual reforms have a better chance of success. The control institution rooted in ancient Chinese history, the Western impeachment and Dr. Sun Yat-sen's unprecedented theory and created and empowered by our nation's Constitution as an integral part of Government. To effectively exercise control powers, the control institution will be creative in its work. The orientation and reform of control powers may have held the power of sanction or chastisement that reformers desire
Investigation on the contents of cholesterol oxides in commercial dried fishery products.
No full textInducing glutathione depletion, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and apoptosis of KB epithelial cells by hydroxychavicol: roles of reactive oxygen species
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The Development of Ming-Chow (8-13th)
No full text本文以八至十三世紀明州城的發展?例，探討地方都市發展的內在、外在原因，更藉此以見唐宋之際江南在區人口增加經濟蓬勃之一班。This article illustrated a typical example for the development of city of Ming-chow, during eighth through thirteen century. It has mainly discussed about interior and extexnal key roles for the development as a model town like Ming-Chow. It. probably could further demonstrate the facts of increasing for its population and the prosperity for its Economy during Tang & Sung dynasty in sourthern part of China
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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