1,720,965 research outputs found
A Problem-Solving Process for Diabetics with Hypoglycemia
No full text【背景與目的】
糖尿病患者的治療以追求理想血糖控制為目標，然而對施打胰島素的患者而言，低血糖成為糖尿病患者在血糖管理的重要限制因素。患者學習與疾病共處的過程中，往往陷入兩難的困境，一方面害怕經歷低血糖事件，同時也擔心處理低血糖症狀導致血糖過高，因而導致血糖控制不佳與情緒困擾。「問題解決」被認為是糖尿病自我管理重要的核心內涵。有效的問題解決可以協助糖尿病患者處理與疾病相關的照護問題，患者藉由問題解決的技巧，主動確認及尋求各種可能策略來處理自己的問題，促進及維持行為改變且朝向自我管理的目標。因此，本研究目的在探討糖尿病患者面對低血糖問題之解決過程。
【方法】
本研究採用橫斷式問卷調查法，以立意取樣方式，自99年6月至100年6月以北台灣醫學中心及區域醫院的新陳代謝科門診為收案場所，樣本為年滿18歲；經醫師診斷第一型或第二型之糖尿病患者至少一年；接受胰島素注射治療；且半年內，曾經發生至少1次低血糖事件者，共計230位研究樣本。主要測量工具有「糖尿病患者低血糖問題解決量表」以及「疾病負向情緒量表」進行資料收集，以SPSS Window 16.0版套裝軟體進行統計分析，資料方法有描述性統計、Mann-Whitney U test、Kruskal-Wallis test、皮爾森積差相關分析、卜瓦松迴歸以及多元迴歸分析。
【結果】
本研究230位研究對象以男性、已婚、非獨居、無職業者以及第二型糖尿病患居多；教育程度在高中以上有53.9%，平均年齡48.62歲(SD=17.50)，胰島素治療的平均時間為7.53年(SD=7.13)，平均糖化血色素值為8.64(SD=1.88)，半年內發生低血糖的總次數多達3,999次(每個月平均低血糖次數665.5次)。重要的研究發現為: 男性、非獨居者、未婚、教育程度愈低、有職業、第一型糖尿病患者、胰島素治療時間愈長、使用胰島素治療以及糖化血色素值愈低等九項因素是低血糖發生次數增加的重要預測因子。整體問題解決能力平均得分在中上程度，低血糖問題解決的三個量表得分最高為「問題定向」，最低的是「立即反應」量表；單題平均得分在「問題解決技巧」量表之「執行」與「可供選擇的方案」分量表得分最低。糖尿病患者的低血糖問題解決能力，低負向情緒組明顯優於高負向情緒組。低血糖問題解決過程之立即反應、問題定向與問題解決技巧呈現正向的顯著關係。教育程度、接受藥物治療方式、發生低血糖次數以及疾病情緒適應是糖尿病患者低血糖問題解決能力之重要影響因素，共可解釋27%的總變異量。
【結論】
本研究以社會問題解決理論為基礎，勾勒出糖尿病患者低血糖問題解決模式，研究結果支持低血糖問題解決過程之「問題定向」、「立即反應」與「問題解決技巧」之間有顯著的關係，可作為低血糖自我管理的參考依據。「低血糖問題解決量表」的測量工具，未來可以提供臨床醫護人員快速檢視患者的低血糖問題解決能力，且經由此區辨特別需要協助問題定向與問題解決技能的患者，給予適當問題解決的培訓。未來研究能以縱貫式研究法來進行，擴大研究群體(如:各類型醫療院所、其他區域以及增加國中、國小不同教育程度的研究對象等)，以增加不同代表性的參與樣本，繼續強化研究結果的推論性
A Systematic Review and Application of Community-Based Life Style Interventions in Pre-Diabetes=生活型態介入於糖尿病前期之社區照護系統性文獻 回顧與應用
No full textSeveral studies have demonstrated that diabetes mellitus can be delayed or prevented in subjects with pre-diabetes by using healthy lifestyle interventions. This research is a review of the literature related to community-based care and the effectiveness of the application of lifestyle interventions for pre-diabetics. No integrated lifestyle intervention currently exists in Taiwan for people with pre- diabetes. It is hoped that our review results can be useful as a reference for those involved in primary prevention of pre-diabetes
The Dilemma of Diabetic Patients Living with Hypoglycaemia
No full textAims. To examine the impact of the threat of hypoglycaemic episodes on people with diabetes in Taiwan. Background. Intensive diabetes treatment in people with diabetes helps them to achieve better glycaemic control. However, it also causes more frequent hypoglycaemic episodes and has an impact on their overall quality of life. Hypoglycaemia is accompanied by various distressing symptoms which may cause excessive fear, affecting decision making in hypoglycaemic management. Design. Purposive sampling and in-depth, face-to -face interviews were used to collect data. Methods. Semi- structured interviews were conducted from July 2008-January 2009 with 17 individuals treated with insulin who had previous hypoglycaemic episodes. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results. Four themes were generated from the analysis, 'inability to control fluctuations in health', challenges to interpersonal relationships', 'facing the disease alone' and 'finding a balance between competing symptoms'. Conclusions. Hypoglycaemia is a major health issue for many people with diabetes. Understanding individuals' experiences with hypoglycaemic episodes should help practitioners become more fully involved in promoting self-management. We identified key areas that health care providers should address, including concerns about patient education and professional support for people with diabetes experiencing hypoglycaemia, to enhance problem solving skills for them and their families. Relevance to clinical practice. We recommend that health care providers make proper use of support groups for family caregivers or other important individuals in the lives of people with diabetes to provide education, clarification, support and guidance. In addition, health care providers also need to provide clients with hypoglycaemia-related emotional support, while enhancing diabetes self-management and problem- solving skills
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
