1,720,959 research outputs found
Muscle proteome changes during cancer
No full textINTRODUCTION. Both cancer and cancer associated therapies (CAT; including chemotherapy or concurrent chemoradiation) disrupt cellular metabolism throughout the body, including the regulation of skeletal muscle mass and function. Adjunct testosterone therapy during standard of care chemotherapy and chemoradiation modulates CAT-induced dysregulation of skeletal muscle metabolism and protects lean body mass during CAT. However, the extent to which the skeletal muscle proteome is altered under these therapeutic conditions is unknown.
OBJECTIVE. We probed the skeletal muscle proteome of cancer patients as an ancillary analysis following a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II trial investigating the effect of adjunct testosterone on body composition in men and women with advanced cancers undergoing CAT.
METHODS. Men and women diagnosed with late stage (≥IIB) or recurrent head and neck or cervical cancer who were scheduled to receive standard of care CAT were administered an adjunct 7 week treatment of weekly intramuscular injections of either 100 mg testosterone (CAT+T, n = 9; 3M/6F) or placebo/saline (CAT+P, n = 10; 7 M/3F). Biopsies were performed on the vastus lateralis before (PRE) and after (POST) the 7 week treatment. Extracted proteins were separated with 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE), and subjected to analyses of total protein abundance, phosphorylation and s-nitrosylation. Proteoforms showing significant fold differences (t-test p ≤ 0.05) between PRE and POST timepoints were identified by mass spectroscopy (MS), and lists of altered proteins were subjected to Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to identify affected pathways.
RESULTS. A total of 756 distinct protein spots were identified. Of those spots, 102 were found to be altered in terms of abundance, phosphorylation, or s-nitrosylation, and identified by MS analysis to represent 59 unique proteins. Among the biological processes and pathways identified, CAT+P impacted muscle contraction, catabolic processes, and oxygen transport, while CAT+T impacted transcription regulation, muscle differentiation, muscle development, and contraction.
CONCLUSIONS. Cancer and CAT significantly altered the skeletal muscle proteome in a manner suggestive of loss of structural integrity, reduced contractile function, and disrupted metabolism. Proteomic analysis suggests that the addition of adjunct testosterone minimized the structural and contractile influence of cancer and its associated therapies
Sea Otter Skeletal Muscle High-Resolution Respirometry
No full textDatLab data files for high-resolution respirometry measures from sea otter skeletal muscle
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Effect of Isoleucine Supplementation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Metabolism in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Get PDFType 2 diabetes (T2D) is an increasing health concern as 425 million people are diagnosed with it worldwide. It is associated with chronic systemic inflammation and increased oxidative stress; individuals with these inflammatory conditions have altered metabolic pathways and mitochondrial function including changes in mitochondrial respiration values in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Mitochondrial respiratory capacity is vital to produce cellular energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). Metabolic dysfunction associated with systemic inflammation can lead to limited production of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates which are vital for metabolism. It has previously been shown that providing anaplerotic TCA cycle precursors, specifically isoleucine and valine, can replenish TCA cycle intermediates. The purpose of this study was to assess the mitochondrial function in PBMCs from eight control subjects and seven T2D subjects using high resolution respirometry. Subjects with T2D received ten days of treatment with three grams daily of supplemental isoleucine. PBMC respiration was compared between control and T2D at baseline, and T2D subjects were assessed for changes over the treatment duration. Subjects with T2D had significantly lower leak respiration and leak-related coupling control ratio than healthy control subjects. There was no significant change in measures of PBMC respiration from T2D subjects before and after treatment. Although there appears to be minor differences in PBMC respiratory rate between subjects with T2D and healthy controls, 10 days of isoleucine supplementation was not effective at recovering altered PBMC respiration in T2D subjects
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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