966 research outputs found
RoMEO Studies 6: Rights metadata for open-archiving
No full textThis is the final study in a series of six emanating from the UK JISC-funded RoMEO Project (Rights Metadata for Open-archiving) which investigated the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) issues relating to academic author self-archiving of research papers. It reports the results of a survey of 542 academic authors showing the level of protection required for their open-access research papers. It then describes the selection of an appropriate means of expressing those rights through metadata and the resulting choice of Creative Commons licences. Finally it outlines proposals for communicating rights metadata via the Open Archives Initiative’s Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH)
FIGURE 4 in An integrative taxonomic approach to the identification of three new New Zealand endemic earthworm species (Acanthodrilidae, Octochaetidae: Oligochaeta)
No full textFIGURE 4. Simplified phylogeny of New Zealand earthworms including the three newly described species M. felix, D. gorgon and O. kenleei (NJ tree based on 16S rDNA). The 16S rDNA sequences obtained for the three newly described species were compared to similar sequences obtained by Buckley et al. (2011). One representative for each major clade of New Zealand endemic earthworms was included in the analysis (see Buckley et al. 2011). The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths in the same units as those of the evolutionary distances used to infer the phylogenetic tree. The evolutionary distances were computed using the Maximum Composite Likelihood method (Tamura et al. 2004) and are in the units of the number of base substitutions per site. There were a total of 441 positions in the final dataset.Published as part of Boyer, Stephane, Blakemore, Robert J. & Wratten, Steve D., 2011, An integrative taxonomic approach to the identification of three new New Zealand endemic earthworm species (Acanthodrilidae, Octochaetidae: Oligochaeta), pp. 21-32 in Zootaxa 2994 on page 30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20517
Habitat manipulation to mitigate the impacts of invasive arthropod pests
No full textExotic invaders are some of the most serious insect pests of agricultural crops around the globe. Increasingly, the structure of landscape and habitat is recognized as having a major influence on both insect pests and their natural enemies. Habitat manipulation that aims at conserving natural enemies can potentially contribute to safer and more effective control of invasive pests. In this paper, we review habitat management experiments, published during the last 10 years, which have aimed to improve biological control of invasive pests. We then discuss during what conditions habitat management to conserve natural enemies is likely to be effective and how the likelihood of success of such methods can be improved. We finally suggest an ecologically driven research agenda for habitat management programmes.We acknowledge the following funding sources: the Tertiary Education Commission, New Zealand, through the Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, New Zealand (Mattias Jonsson and Steve Wratten), the New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology (FRST); project LINX0303 (Steve Wratten, Ross Cullen, Jean Tompkins), Lincoln University, New Zealand, for a Post-graduate Scholarship to Jean Tompkins, USDA CSREES Risk Avoidance and Mitigation Program (2004-51101-02210), USDA NC SARE Project (LCN 04-249), USDA CSREES Arthropod and Nematode Biology (2004-35302-14811), North Central Regional IPM, NSF-LTER at Kellogg Biological Station (NSF DEB 0423627), and the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station (Doug Landis)
RoMEO Studies 5: IPR issues for OAI Data and Service Providers
No full textThis paper is the fifth in a series of studies emanating from the UK JISC-funded RoMEO Project (Rights Metadata for Open-archiving). It reports the results of two surveys of OAI Data Providers (DPs) and Service Providers (SPs) with regards to the rights issues they face. It finds that very few DPs have rights agreements with depositing authors and that there is no standard approach to the creation of rights metadata. The paper considers the rights protection afforded individual and collections of metadata records under UK Law and contrasts this with DP and SP’s views on the rights status of metadata and how they wish to protect it. The majority of DP and SPs believe that a standard way of describing both the rights status of documents and of metadata would be usefu
Steve Reich : a bio-bibliography
No full textIn the late 1960s and early 1970s, Steve Reich was considered a fringe experimentalist. His work consisted largely of repeating, slowly changing patterns unlike either the serialism or the aleatory that predominated at that time. Today, however, Reich is one of the most prominent and celebrated contemporary composers, one about whom the scholarly and popular literature offers an assortment of critical, historical, and analytical perspectives. Author D.J. Hoek's bio-bibliography serves as an essential guide to this literature, comprehensively surveying Reich's life and work. Included are details of all of Reich's compositions: dates, instrumentation, premiere performances, and publishers; a discography listing all commercial recordings of the composer's oeuvre; and an annotated bibliography of publications in English, French, German, and Italian. The Reich scholar or aficionado could not find a more thorough encapsulation of his brilliant career
RoMEO Studies 4: An analysis of Journal publishers' Copyright Agreements
No full textThis article is the fourth in a series of six emanating from the UK JISC-funded RoMEO Project (Rights Metadata for Open archiving). It describes an analysis of 80 scholarly journal publishers’ copyright agreements with a particular view to their effect on author self-archiving. 90% of agreements asked for copyright transfer and 69% asked for it prior to refereeing the paper. 75% asked authors to warrant that their work had not been previously published although only two explicitly stated that they viewed self-archiving as prior publication. 28.5% of agreements provided authors with no usage rights over their own paper. Although 42.5% allowed self-archiving in some format, there was no consensus on the conditions under which self-archiving could take place. The article concludes that author-publisher copyright agreements should be reconsidered by a working party representing the needs of both partie
Deinodrilus gorgon Blakemore, sp. nov.
No full textDeinodrilus gorgon Blakemore sp. nov. Material examined. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa W.002909 (Holotype). From the tussock grassland of “Happy Valley” (Upper Waimangaroa Valley, Buller Region, West Coast, New Zealand). Collected by S. Boyer, 2010. Mature, posterior amputee, fixed in ethanol 98 % and placed in propylene glycol. Etymology. Noun alluding to Greek mythical monsters with sharp fangs, staring eyes and, similar perhaps to the ring of diverticula on each spermatheca – a belt of serpents. External characters. Body circular in anterior. Pigment dark, especially dorsum with paler setal auriolae; clitellum and male field white. Length 55 + mm with 73 + segments (amputee). Prostomium tanylobous. Setae perichaetine, 12 per segment, evenly spaced. Clitellum pale, tumid ½ 13–16. Dorsal pores from 10 / 11. Nephropores not found. Spermathecal pores in b lines in 7 / 8 and 8 / 9, small but gaping. Female pores anterio-ventral to a setae on 14 in common field. Prostatic pores at b on 17 and 19. Male pores within concave seminal grooves lateral to b. Genital markings as large eye-shaped papillae paired on 10; with smaller markings on 13 rhs, 16 rhs and two additional pairs on 18 as figured. Genital and penial setae not found. Internal morphology. Pharyngeal mass anterior to 4 / 5. Septa 8 / 9–10 / 11 with some thickening. Gizzard muscular in 6 (weak septum 6 / 7 can be carefully teased off to base). Dorsal blood vessel doubled. Heart paired in 10– 13. Nephridia meroic; equatorial forests especially obvious around clitellar segments. Spermathecae in 8 and 9 each with a thin duct to multiple, finger-like diverticula, five per spermatheca (inseminated) surrounding duct from where it thickens before reaching yellowish, knob-like ampulla. Testes free, posterio-ventrally in 10 and 11. Seminal vesicles small saccular in 9 (vestigial?) and larger racemose anterio-dorsally in 11 and 12. Ovaries fan-shaped in 13 with several strings of largish eggs; ovisacs vestigial in 14. Prostates compacted tubular in 17 and 19 exiting through muscular ducts. Vasa deferentia seen to exit unceremoniously in 18. Oesophagus dilated in 15–17 but lacking internal lamellae and thus not construed as calciferous glands. Intestinal origin in 18. Typhlosole thin, lamellar becoming deeper from 19. Gut contains colloidal soil and organic matter. Ecology. Specimen was found under 10 to 20 cm of soil. Dark colouration suggests at least partial surface exposure on topsoil, gut content suggests topsoil geophagy. This species is likely to be anecic. Remarks. Of the eight currently known Deinodrilus species, only two have tanylobous prostomia: D. gracilis Ude, 1905 from Stephen Island and D. parvus Lee, 1959 from Mangamuku Range. Both also have 5 or 6 spermathecal diverticula however, D. gracilis has copulatory setae, oesophageal glands and intestine from 19; while D. parvus has a saddle-shaped clitellum in 12–16, and all its reproductive pores are in a or ab. Further, their gizzards are in 6–7 and 5, respectively, rather than single in 6 as in the current species. D. montanus Lee, 1959 from Rimutaka Range is similar to D. parvus and differs for similar reasons. The current species appears unique in the distribution of its eye-like genital markings that are especially noticeable on segment 10.Published as part of Boyer, Stephane, Blakemore, Robert J. & Wratten, Steve D., 2011, An integrative taxonomic approach to the identification of three new New Zealand endemic earthworm species (Acanthodrilidae, Octochaetidae: Oligochaeta), pp. 21-32 in Zootaxa 2994 on page 24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20517
Weed-insect pollinator networks as bio-indicators of ecological sustainability in agriculture. A review
No full textThe intensification of agricultural practices contributes to the decline of many taxa such as insects and wild plants. Weeds are serious competitors for crop production and are thus controlled. Nonetheless, weeds enhance floral diversity in agricultural landscapes. Weeds provide food for insects in exchange for pollination. The stability of mutualistic interactions in pollination networks depends on conservation of insect pollinator and weed communities. Some agricultural practices can destabilize interactions and thus modify the stability of pollination networks. Therefore, more knowledge on weed-insect networks is needed. Here, we review the interactions involved in insect visits to weed flowers in temperate arable lands. Our main findings are that (1) weed pollination by insects has a key role in maintaining weed communities in arable lands; (2) weed-insect pollinator interactions are modulated by the flowers’ features and their quality which are attracting insects; (3) most weeds are associated with generalist insect pollinators; and (4) even if weed-pollinator networks are largely mutualistic, some antagonist networks can be observed when deception occurs. We propose three weed-insect pollinator networks as potential bio-indicators to evaluate the ecological sustainability of arable land management strategies in temperate areas: (1) Geometridae and Bombyliidae species visiting Caryophyllaceae, (2) Papilionidae foraging on Apiaceae, and (3) Syrphidae visiting Asteraceae
Octochaetus kenleei Blakemore, sp. nov.
No full textOctochaetus kenleei Blakemore sp. nov. Material examined. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa W.002910 (Holotype). From the tussock grassland of “Happy Valley” (Upper Waimangaroa Valley, Buller Region, West Coast, New Zealand). Collected by S. Boyer, 2010. Mature, complete, fixed in ethanol 98 % and placed in propylene glycol. Etymology. In patronymic tribute to the foremost earthworm eco-taxonomist of New Zealand, Dr Kenneth Earnest Lee (1927–2007). External characters. Body circular but posterior slightly square. Pigment lacking and generally fair. Length 220 mm with 270 segments. Prostomium prolobous. Setae lumbricine, 8 per segment, evenly spaced. Clitellum not well marked, perhaps in some or all of 14–20. Dorsal pores from 14 / 15, small. Nephropores not clear, some possibly in c and d lines or rather irregular. Spermathecal pores segmental, lateral to b lines on 8 and 9 on small mounds. Female pores just anterior to setae a on 14. Prostatic pores at b on 17 and 19. Male pores within concave seminal grooves lateral to b. Genital markings as small lens-shaped hollows paired in 8 / 9 and 9 / 10 near b lines and in 15 / 16 in a lines with a unilateral marking in 18 / 19 lhs; area bb in 19 / 20–22 / 23 tumid. Genital and penial setae not found. Internal morphology. Pharyngeal mass anterior to 4 / 5. Septa 8 / 9–10 / 11 with some thickening. Gizzards muscular in 5 and 6. Dorsal blood vessel appears single on gizzards but is doubled from 7 posteriorly. Heart paired in 10–13. Nephridia meroic as a few (ca. 4 per side) small tufted clusters in each segment. Spermathecae in 8 and 9 saccular each with small discrete and interlocular diverticula (inseminated) ringing exit. Testes free, posterio-ventrally in 10 and 11. Seminal vesicles large finely racemose anterio-dorsally in 11 and 12. Ovaries composed of several strings of largish eggs in 13; ovisacs absent. Prostates tubular in 17 and 19 exiting through narrow ducts. Vasa deferentia exits in 18. Oesophagus dilated as annular calciferous gland in 17 with several internal lamellae but not especially vascularized. Intestinal origin in 20 (valval in 19). Typhlosole large inverted T-shape developing from 21. Gut contains colloidal soil with a few quartz grits and woody fragments. Ecology. Specimen was found under 10 to 20 cm of soil. Large size, pale colouration and gut contents suggest subsoil geophagy. This species is likely to be endogeic. Remarks. The current species is compared to Octochaetus thomasi Beddard, 1892, widespread in the Canterbury Plains, that is the only other congener known to have gizzards in 5–6. As with all other members, it has spermathecal pores in 7 / 8 / 9 and on this character alone the current species is differentiated. Neodrilus campestris (Hutton, 1877) from Dunedin has segmental spermathecal pores (on 8) but differs, not least, by qualifying for inclusion in Acanthodrilidae due to its holoic nephridia.Published as part of Boyer, Stephane, Blakemore, Robert J. & Wratten, Steve D., 2011, An integrative taxonomic approach to the identification of three new New Zealand endemic earthworm species (Acanthodrilidae, Octochaetidae: Oligochaeta), pp. 21-32 in Zootaxa 2994 on page 27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20517
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