1,720,992 research outputs found
The Influence of Hotel Managers��� Intentions for Green Marketing Practices: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior in Turkey
Full text linkWhat drives hotel managers to adapt green practices in their hotel especially in developing countries with less policy and control of environmental impacts? In seeking to answer this question, the developing country of Turkey was selected as an ideal context given the lack of sustainable development throughout its hospitality industry. Applying Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as the main theoretical framework, this research studied how hotel managers��� behavioral intentions are related to determinants within the TPB, and how managerial intentions predict their green marketing behavior. In addition to the existing constructs within the TPB model, environmental attitude (as measured through the NEP Scale) was added as a modification. Ultimately, the framework aimed to assess how marketing intentions translates to actual green marketing behavior among hotel managers throughout Turkey.
Based on previous studies, an online survey was designed to measure the above constructs. A census was taken of all one-to five-star hotels and boutique hotels registered to Republic of Turkey Tourism and Culture Ministry. To potentially increase the response rate of participation, the researcher offered hotel managers an incentive of planting a tree for every completed questionnaire through TEMA (The Turkish Foundation for Combating Soil Erosion, for Reforestation and the Protection of Natural Habitats). Overall, 160 hotel managers completed questionnaires (i.e., a response rate of 8.3%). The result of the study indicates that environmental attitude, attitude toward green marketing, subjective norms and perceived behavior control each significantly predict managers��� intention to practice green marketing. Furthermore, the study found a strong relationship between managers��� intention to practice green marketing and green marketing behavior.
Finally, theoretical relations and several implications associated with hotel managers and green marketing were presented. Additionally, the limitations of the study followed by suggestions for improvements and possible directions for future research were discussed. This study contributes to the organizational greening and green marketing literature by increasing the understanding of how managers��� attitudes and intentions toward green marketing are associated with green marketing practices at hotels in a developing country. Although managers should seriously pay attention to environmental issues and act responsibly, they do not always behave accordingly, because their behavior is directed by some constraints. Thus, financial aid seems to be especially important in developing countries. Governments should support hospitality sector by providing economic incentives for the industry to adopt environmentally sound practices. This may include certain creating environmental requirements in the hotel environmental standardization procedures and monitoring the process throughout time. Collaboration with stakeholders in regards to green marketing will also aid in alleviating problems with the hospitality tourism sector
Sound Affects: The Role of Music in Affecting Quality of Life
Full text linkMusic is a topic that is not often covered in leisure studies even though it frequently accompanies many of the activities we participate in. Music is central to human development, communication and meaning-making, and as will be displayed throughout this dissertation, can be integral to establishing and sustaining relationships, developing and maintaining identity, and acting as a source of positivity which can impact one���s life for the long-term. Relying on ethnographic methods for data collection and examination, this study described and analyzed the music scene that surrounds the touring rock band Jerry Joseph & the Jackmormons. The study was guided by the following research questions: How do ephemeral moments of interaction in the music scene ultimately lead to the formation of a community and intimate feelings for one another often identified as family? How do fans use a performer���s persona to interpret their lives? And, how do positive emotions generated from participation in the music scene affect quality of life outside the concert setting? Data were generated through semi-structured interviews, participant-observation at concert events and music festivals and textual analysis of an un-moderated online discussion forum centered on the band.
The average age of the participants was forty-two, making them a worthwhile population of an understudied cohort (middle-aged) in regards to how music is used to affect quality of life. Due to long tenures of involvement with the band, the participants had established significant relationships with other fans which were perceived as family. The relationships transcended the designation of community due to the level of sincere sentiment shared amongst much of the fanbase. Additionally, the performative qualities of Jerry Joseph served for many as a testament to commitment, and for some, he was a role model for recovery in their struggle to overcome substance abuse. Finally, the participants��� extended and immersive involvement in the music scene surrounding the band was a positive outlet to draw from in dealing with the hardships of life outside of the music scene
Rural Girls��� Perceptions of Success and the Effect of Living in a Rural Context
Full text linkThe aim of this study was to better understand how young women in a rural community define successful adulthood and how life in a rural area benefited or challenged their transition into successful adulthood. Non-probability, purposive sampling was used to select a remote rural research site through the NCES classification system. Using a grounded theory approach, data were collected through the use of in-depth, semi-structured interviews from 10 girls in their sophomore, junior, or senior year of high school in a rural Texas community.
The participants defined success based on achievement, but recognized that the specific process of how success is achieved varies. Rural youth in this study identified common components of success: happiness, money, further education, a good job, and healthy relationships. Family members, school employees, and experiences youth had living in the rural community were all strong influences in developing youth���s perceptions of success and future plans. Additionally, the participants in this study identified the impact of the rural context on their perceptions of success and plans for achievement. Rural youth in this study recognized they needed to leave the community to pursue educational, occupational, and economic opportunities
Antalya Residents��� Attitudes Regarding the Impacts of All-Inclusive Resorts in the Turkish Coastal Destination
Full text linkAll-inclusive resorts (hereafter abbreviated AIR) have a long history of contributing to tourism revenue leakage from host economies. Antalya, with its high percentage of AIRs, is a prime tourist destination in Turkey that likely contributes to such leakage. In an effort to better understand AIR, the purpose of this study was to examine how residents perceive the impacts of AIR in Antalya, Turkey. In so doing, a further focus of the work was looking at the interrelationships between residents��� attitudes about their attachment to the community, existing tourism and tourism development, future tourism development as well as potential tourism development options and attitudes about AIR impacts.
A survey was conducted in four key districts in Antalya (based on the concentration of AIRs in the areas): the Antalya city center, Kemer, Serik and Manavgat, yielding a robust sample (n = 660). A questionnaire was designed to examine residents��� perceptions of AIR impacts on local communities, perceptions of existing tourism and tourism development, attitudes about future tourism development, attitudes about forms of potential tourism development, community attachment, and a host of demographic variables.
This study adopted social exchange theory and community attachment as conceptual frameworks to explain residents��� perceptions and attitudes toward AIR, existing tourism development, future tourism development and potential tourism development options. The study���s findings demonstrated that highly attached residents tend to view tourism development more favorably than less community-attached residents and support for future tourism development as well as potential tourism development options. Additionally, highly attached residents tended to perceive negative impacts of AIR. Furthermore, residents who perceived positive impacts of tourism were supportive of future tourism development as well as potential tourism development options.
Findings indicated that each of four AIR factors (AIR negative impacts, AIR positive impacts, AIR impacts on population, AIR impacts on quality) and degree of community attachment had direct significant influence on residents��� perceptions of existing tourism and tourism development, attitudes about future tourism development, and attitudes about forms of potential tourism development. Findings provide empirical support for social exchange theory and community attachment. Implications are described and directions for future research are discussed
Considering Residents’ Behavioral Support for Tourism Development: A Theoretical Examination of the Emotional Solidarity Theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior
Full text linkThis study examines the intimate relationships that exist between residents and
tourists (i.e., based on residents’ emotional solidarity (ES) with tourists) from attitudes
to actual behavior in ultimately explaining residents’ behavioral support for tourism
development (BSTD). This study linked two complementary theoretical frameworks
(i.e., the theory of Emotional Solidarity and the Theory of Planned Behavior or TPB) to
ultimately explain residents’ BSTD. The main purpose of this study was to gain an
understanding of how the emotional solidarity scale (ESS) (i.e., welcoming nature,
emotional closeness, and sympathetic understanding) affects and predicts residents’
behavioral intentions (BI) to support tourism development and how that in turn predicts
actual behavioral support for tourism development through the application of TPB.
To date, no research has been undertaken that extends the TPB model by
including residents’ emotions or their ES with tourists in efforts to explain residents’ BI
or BSTD. The proposed study intends to close this literature gap and draw the attention
of tourism scholars by linking the ES to the TPB to predict residents’ BI and BSTD.
Data for this study was collected through on-site self-administered questionnaires
distributed to Turkish residents living in the coastal city of Izmir. The survey was
conducted in four key districts in the city (i.e., the Izmir city center, Çeşme, Menderes,
and Selçuk) based on the concentration of tourism facilities in each area.
Each scale within the proposed model was confirmed through CFA and
supported through SEM. All scales demonstrated high internal consistency (i.e.,
reliability) and construct validity. CFA and SEM results indicate that the measurement
and structural models had good model fit based on the CFI, IFI, TLI, and RMSEA
scores. Results indicated that Izmir residents’ ES with tourists did significantly influence
their attitudes towards tourism and that attitudes with the inclusion of subjective norms,
and perceived behavioral control significantly predicted their BI. Ultimately, residents’
BI was a significant predictor of their BSTD, explaining approximately 23% of the
variance in the construct. Results are explained based on the ES theory and the TPB, as
implications, limitations, and future research are discussed at the close of the paper
Examining Residents��� and Tourists��� Emotional Solidarity with One Another at the Osun-Osogbo Festival: A Modified Durkheimian Model
Full text linkFestivals provide an avenue for communities to showcase their cultural identity for outsiders while at the same time allowing tourists to interact with residents in developing potential relationships. Cultural festivals provide a platform for residents and tourists to interact in an unscripted manner within a confined place and time, ensuring a cultural exchange, social interaction and display of social identity. Researchers have generally focused more on economic impacts and marketing of cultural festivals, placing less emphasis on its social impacts on the festival community, prompting call for more research on socio-cultural impacts of festivals and events. The theoretical framework of Durkheims��� emotional solidarity offers a lens through which to examine not only the social impacts of festivals and events but also the relationship that results from resident and tourist interaction.
The present study modified and employed the theoretical framework of Durkheims��� emotional solidarity in examining the relationship between residents living adjacent to and tourists attending the Osun Osogbo Festival. In the tourism setting, some degree of emotional solidarity will occur as residents and tourists interact with each other behaviorally and through shared beliefs. In expanding the emotional solidarity model, place attachment, motivation and perceived safety was added to the antecedent constructs of shared beliefs, shared behavior, and interaction to predict emotional solidarity residents and tourists have for one another.
Data for this study were collected in the ancient city of Osogbo, State of Osun, Nigeria in August, 2014 during the annual celebration of the Osun Osogbo Festival. Samples were drawn from the residents of Osogbo and tourists to the annual Osun Osogbo Festival (OOF) during the 12-day event. The study provides empirical evidence in support of placement attachment through its two factors, place identity and place dependence, predicting the three factors of the ESS, welcoming nature, emotional closeness, and sympathetic understanding, within the residents��� model.
The findings of the study have theoretical and practical implications. Despite mixed findings and modest variance explained in emotional solidarity, the six predictor constructs do provide valuable theoretical insight surrounding solidarity, especially its applicability within a global context involving diverse cultures. For practice, the study offers support and some guidance for festival organizers and destination marketing managers in promoting peaceful co-existence between the residents and tourists in forging emotional bonds. It also gives direction in making the festival more internationally known and accepted
By Her Own Hand: Crafts, Creativity, Commerce, and Community - Women-Owned, Tourism-Related Craft Businesses in the Verde Valley, Arizona
Full text linkThe economic restructuring that occurred during the 1970s due to globalization and social change ushered in significant changes for rural communities. As a result, tourism became a popular method within economic development programs for increasing revenue often through cultural festivals. Many female crafters have chosen to utilize these events as venues for selling their crafts in order to enhance their livelihoods. The purpose of this study was to learn about female crafters in a rural area who have turned leisure activities/hobbies into home-based, handcraft tourism businesses. The focus areas for examination were 1) the meaning of creativity and craft in their lives, 2) the evolution of their creative experience from leisure to business, and 3) how they then contribute to and/or affect community development as a result. This study examined how women empower themselves through creativity and then use that power to create small businesses which, in turn, affect their lives, families and communities. In-depth interviews revealed that crafting entrepreneurs have much more complex relationships to creativity, business, and their communities than previously understood. Crafters approach small business ownership as lifestyle entrepreneurs and, in spite of many preconceptions, have diverse skill sets that inform their creativity and entrepreneurship. These study results open the door to further research on crafting entrepreneurs with the understanding that crafters take their leisure so seriously that they endeavor to reach the level of artisanship, and have shown themselves to be empowered businesswomen positively affecting their communities
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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