1,720,967 research outputs found
The effect of estimation and production procedures on running economy in recreational athletes
No full textObjectivesRunning economy is an important component in any endurance event. However, the influence of effort perception on running economy has yet to be examined.DesignThe purpose of this study was to assess the oxygen cost of running (running economy) at identical ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during estimation (EST) and production (PR) procedures, during treadmill exercise.MethodsFourteen, well-trained male participants actively produced (self-regulated) a range of submaximal exercise intensities equating to RPE values 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17, and passively estimated their perception of exertion during an incremental graded-exercise test (GXT). Allometric scaling was used to ensure an appropriate comparison in running economy between conditions.ResultsThe present study demonstrated that the overall running economy between conditions was statistically similar (p > 0.05). A significant interaction was however identified between Conditions and RPE (p < 0.001). The interaction revealed that running economy significantly improved during PR but remained fairly consistent during EST between moderate and high perceptions of exertion (RPE 11–17). Despite similarities in running economy between conditions, physiological (oxygen uptake, heart rate, minute ventilation and blood lactate) and physical (running velocity) markers of exercise intensity were significantly higher during EST for equivalent perceptions of exertion (all p < 0.05).ConclusionsPassive estimation procedures may improve running economy and enhance athletic performance when compared to identical perceptions of exertion elicited during active production procedures. Athletes, coaches and physical trainers should consider the perceptual procedures utilised during training to ensure that an athlete trains at the most effective training intensity
The efficacy of a self-paced VO2max test during motorized treadmill exercise
No full textPURPOSE:To assess the utility of a self-paced maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) test (SPV) in eliciting an accurate measure of VO2max in comparison with a traditional graded exercise test (GXT) during motorized treadmill exercise.DESIGN:This was a cross-sectional experimental study whereby recreationally trained men (n = 13, 25.5 ± 4.6 y) completed 2 maximal exercise tests (SPV, GXT) separated by a 72-h recovery period.METHODS:The GXT was continuous and incremental, with prescribed 1-km/h increases every 2 min until the attainment of VO2max. The SPV consisted of 5 × 2-min stages of incremental exercise, which were self-selected and adjusted according to 5 prescribed RPE levels (RPE 11, 13, 15, 17, and 20).RESULTS:Although no significant differences in VO2max were observed between the SPV and GXT (63.9 ± 3.3 cf 60.9 ± 4.6 mL · kg-1 · min-1, respectively, P > .05), the apparent 4.7% mean difference may be practically important. The 95% limits-of-agreement analysis was 3.03 ± 11.49 mL · kg-1 · min-1. Therefore, in the worst-case scenario, the GXT may underestimate measured VO2max as ascertained by the SPV by up to 19%. Conversely, the SPV could underestimate the GXT by 14%.CONCLUSIONS:The current study has shown that the SPV is an accurate measure of VO2max during exercise on a motorized treadmill and may provide a slightly higher VO2max value than that obtained from a traditional GXT. The higher VO2max during the SPV may be important when prescribing training or monitoring athlete progression
Early engagement in exercise improves coronary artery disease risk in newly diagnosed transient ischemic attack patients
No full textEffects of early exercise engagement on vascular risk in patients with transient Ischemic attack and nondisabling stroke
No full textThe objective of this study was to conduct a randomized, parallel-group clinical trial assessed the efficacy of a health-enhancing physical activity program (exercise and education) on vascular risk factors and aerobic fitness in patients who have experienced a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or nondisabling stroke. Sixty patients (69 ± 11 years) completed a baseline (BL) vascular risk stratification and aerobic fitness examination (cycle test) within 2 weeks of symptom onset. Subjects were then randomized to either an 8-week, twice weekly exercise program or to a usual-care control (CON) group. Postintervention (PI) assessments were completed immediately after the intervention and at 3-month follow-up. A series of primary (systolic blood pressure [SBP]) and secondary (vascular risk factors like total cholesterol [TC], high-density lipoproteins, etc.; Framingham risk score; peak oxygen uptake) outcome measures were assessed. Significantly greater reductions in SBP (mean change ± SD; ?10.4 ± 9.2 mm Hg) and TC (?.53 ± .90 mmol/L) were observed between BL and PI assessments for the exercise group compared with the CON group (?1.9 ± 15.4 mm Hg and ?.08 ± .59 mmol/L, respectively) (P < .05). These improvements were maintained between the PI and the 3-month follow-up assessment (P > .05). Significant improvements in aerobic fitness were also observed and maintained at the 3-month follow-up assessment after regular exercise participation (P < .05). The early engagement in exercise resulted in significant improvements in vascular risk factors and fitness in those diagnosed with TIA. As these beneficial effects were maintained up to 3 months after completing the exercise program, exercise should be considered a useful additive treatment strategy for newly diagnosed TIA patients. Future research should examine the long-term efficacy of such programs
Health-enhancing physical activity programme (HEPAP) for transient ischaemic attack and non-disabling stroke: recruitment and compliance.
No full textIndividuals with TIA were successfully recruited and retained into a RCT. A different approach is required to study interventions in Maori, Pacific Islanders, Asian and Indian populations. If the exercise intervention improves vascular risk factors and reduces recurrent vascular events, it could be applied to a large number of people who suffer a TIA or non-disabling stroke
The long-term effect of exercise on vascular risk factors and aerobic fitness in those with transient ischaemic attack: a randomized controlled trial
Full text linkOBJECTIVE:Exercise has beneficial effects on vascular risk factors in transient ischaemic attack (TIA) patients within the sub-acute phase. This study examined whether TIA patients randomized to an early exercise and education programme within 2 weeks of TIA diagnosis would demonstrate improvements in cardiovascular risk factors and aerobic fitness 12 months post-diagnosis compared with control patients.METHODS:A single-centre, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial. Sixty TIA patients (69 ± 11 years) completed a vascular risk stratification baseline assessment and a physical fitness examination. Individuals were randomized to either an 8-week early exercise and education group or control group. Fifty-one patients attended post-intervention assessments that were completed immediately (post-intervention) and 12 months after (12PI).RESULTS:A significantly greater improvement in resting SBP was observed between baseline and post-intervention for EX than for CON (-11 mmHg cf. -1 mmHg, respectively; P < 0.05). The improvement in SBP was maintained between post-intervention and 12PI (P > 0.05). Similar findings were demonstrated for BMI, bodyweight and peak oxygen uptake (P < 0.05). Exercise blood pressure, pulse pressure and double product (SBP x heart rate; an indication of myocardial workload) were significantly lower at post-intervention and 12PI for EX than for CON (all P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:An 8-week exercise programme soon after TIA resulted in beneficial changes in resting and exercise blood pressure that were maintained for 12 months
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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