52 research outputs found
Temporal trends in obesity defined by the relative fat mass (RFM) index among adults in the United States from 1999 to 2020: a population-based study
No full textObjectives The body mass index (BMI) largely underestimates excess body fat, suggesting that the prevalence of obesity could be underestimated. Biologically, women are known to have higher body fat than men. This study aimed to compare the temporal trends in general obesity by sex, ethnicity and age among adults in the USA using the relative fat mass (RFM), a validated surrogate for whole-body fat percentage and BMI.Design Population-based study.Setting US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, from 1999–2000 to 2017–March 2020.Participants A representative sample of adults 20–79 years in the USA.Main outcome measures Age-adjusted prevalence of general obesity. RFM-defined obesity was diagnosed using validated cut-offs to predict all-cause mortality: RFM≥40% for women and ≥30% for men. BMI-defined obesity was diagnosed using a cut-off of 30 kg/m2.Results Analysis included data from 47 667 adults. Among women, RFM-defined obesity prevalence was 64.7% (95% CI 62.1% to 67.3%) in 2017–2020, a linear increase of 13.9 percentage points (95% CI 9.0% to 18.9%; p<0.001) relative to 1999–2000. In contrast, the prevalence of BMI-defined obesity was 42.2% (95% CI 39.4% to 45.0%) in 2017–2020. Among men, the corresponding RFM-defined obesity prevalence was 45.8% (95% CI 42.0% to 49.7%), a linear increase of 12.0 percentage points (95% CI 6.6% to 17.3%; p<0.001). In contrast, the prevalence of BMI-defined obesity was 42.0 (95% CI 37.8% to 46.3%). The highest prevalence of RFM-defined obesity across years was observed in older adults (60–79 years) and Mexican Americans, in women and men. Conversely, the highest prevalence of BMI-defined obesity across years was observed in middle-age (40–59 years) and older adults, and in African American women.Conclusions The use of a surrogate for whole-body fat percentage revealed a much higher prevalence of general obesity in the USA from 1999 to 2020, particularly among women, than that estimated using BMI, and detected a disproportionate higher prevalence of general obesity in older adults and Mexican Americans
Defining cutoffs to diagnose obesity using the relative fat mass (RFM): Association with mortality in NHANES 1999–2014
No full textChlamydia pneumoniae y aterosclerosis: Mecanismos patogénicos
Get PDFAtherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process in which macrophages, smooth muscle cells, T lymphocytes, and several chemical mediators intervene. In recent years, the finding of Chlamydia pneumoniae in arterial atherosclerotic plaques has suggested an etiological role; however, whether C. pneumoniae causes atherosclerosis or precipitates or favors atheroesclerosis progression remains uncertain. We review studies published on-line or available in Lima specialized libraries regarding C. pneumoniae and atherosclerosis association, with special emphasis on the pathogenic role of this bacteria.La aterosclerosis es un proceso inflamatorio crónico en donde intervienen macrófagos, células musculares lisas y linfocitos T, además de un conjunto de mediadores químicos. En los últimos años, el hallazgo de Chlamydia pneumoniae en placas ateroscleróticas en diferentes regiones de nuestro cuerpo ha sugerido un rol etiológico de este microorganismo en el proceso de aterogénesis. Sin embargo, todavía es incierto si la C. pneumoniae es el agente causal de la aterosclerosis o si constituye un factor que precipita o favorece su progresión. Se ha hecho una revisión de artículos publicados hasta la actualidad, disponibles como texto completo vía internet o en las bibliotecas especializadas de Lima, acerca de la asociación entre C. pneumoniae y aterosclerosis, poniendo énfasis en el rol patogénico de esta bacteria
Association of relative fat mass (RFM) index with diabetes-related mortality and heart disease mortality
No full textAbstract Although studies have examined the association of the Relative Fat Mass (RFM, a novel anthropometric index used as a surrogate for whole-body fat percentage) with all-cause mortality, the association of RFM with diabetes-related mortality and heart disease mortality has not been thoroughly investigated. In addition, no study has compared the associations of RFM and waist circumference (a surrogate for intra-abdominal fat) with cause-specific mortality and all-cause mortality. In the present study, we addressed these knowledge gaps. We used data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2018. NHANES III was used for validation. Analyses included 46,535 adults (mean age 46.5 years). During a median follow-up time of 9.7 years, 6,101 participants died (743 from diabetes; 1,514 from heart disease). Compared with BMI and WC, RFM was more strongly associated with diabetes-related mortality in both women and men, adjusting for age, ethnicity, education, and smoking status. All anthropometric measures were similarly strongly associated with heart disease mortality and all-cause mortality. RFM showed greater predictive discrimination of mortality. Similar results were found in NHANES III (n = 14,448). In conclusion, RFM is strongly associated with diabetes-related mortality, heart disease mortality, and all-cause mortality, and outperforms conventional adiposity measures for prediction of mortality
Respuesta del sistema antioxidante en varones sanos, frente a hiperglicemia aguda inducida
Get PDFObjetivo: determinar la respuesta del sistema antioxidante en varones sanos, frente a la hiperglicemia aguda inducida. Diseño: estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, longitudinal, experimental. Lugar: Instituto Nacional de Biología Andina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Material biológico: Sangre y suero de sujetos aparentemente sanos. Intervenciones: A 13 sujetos adultos clínicamente sanos, entre 20 y 41años, después de 10 horas de ayuno, se administró glucosa vía endovenosa, mediante el método de clamp hiperglicémico, a 125 mg/dL por encima del valor basal, durante 120 minutos. Se realizó mediciones de la glicemia a 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110 y 120 minutos. Se tomó la muestra sanguínea con anticoagulante EDTA y otra de sangre total, para obtención de suero, para las pruebas bioquímicas a los 0, 60 y 120 minutos. Principales medidas de resultados: Modificaciones de la glicemia y lipoperoxidación en suero, glutatión y actividad superóxido dismutasa en glóbulos rojos lisados e índices de estrés oxidativo. Resultados: El nivel de glucosa durante el clamp hiperglicémico, luego de alcanzar el ‘equilibrio’, fue 197±17,58 mg/dL. La lipoperoxidación aumentó de 2,54 + 0,51 a 2,90 + 0,58 umol/L, de 0 a 60 minutos, y a 2,66 + 0,55 umol/L a los 120 minutos. El glutatión se redujo en 8,10% a la hora, aumentando 7,08% a los 120 minutos. La actividad superóxido dismutasa se elevó 0,54% a los 60 minutos y 5,66% a los 120 minutos, sobre el basal. Los índices de valoración del estrés oxidativo tuvieron correlación r Pearson positiva, en nivel alto a muy alto. Conclusiones: la hiperglicemia aguda inducida hasta 2 horas elevó el estrés oxidativo, promoviendo generación de defensa antioxidante, con síntesis de glutatión reducido de novo y mayor actividad de la superóxido dismutasa
O TEOR REVELADOR DO TÍTULO E DAS EPÍGRAFES EM DE PROFUNDIS, VALSA LENTA
Get PDFThis article presents an analisys of the title and the epigraphs found in the book De Profundis Valsa Lenta by the Portuguese author José Cardoso Pires, aiming at verifying the importance of these elements which bring light not only to the entire book through its title, but also to each chapter begun with an epigraph.Este artigo apresenta uma análise do título e das epígrafes encontradas na obra De Profundis Valsa Lenta do autor português José Cardoso Pires, visando à verifi cação da importância desses elementos que trazem luz não só ao livro inteiro através do título, mas, também, a cada capítulo iniciado com uma epígrafe
Inverse association between diabetes and altitude: A cross‐sectional study in the adult population of the United States
No full textUma análise das protagonistas de A vida invisível de Euridice Gusmão e Purple Hibiscus sob as lentes do dialogismo e da crítica feminista
Get PDFStudies in comparative literature have brought great contribution to this area of knowledge
and grounded countless academic research studies over the years. In this regard, this research
adds a new component to comparative studies, viz., the dialogic approach to literary studies,
and aims to find out at what extent the heterodiscourse related to women in a patriarchal/male
chauvinist society is represented in the novels A vida invisível de Eurídice Gusmão (2016),
written by Brazilian author Martha Batalha, and Purple hibiscus (2003), written by Nigerian
author Chimamanda Adichie, the corpus of this research. These works, which are analyzed
from the perspective of the theory of dialogism of the Bakhtin Circle (Bakhtin, Voloshinov,
Medvedev) in dialogue with feminist criticism, reflect and refract the position of women in
contemporary societies as the main characters of the novels are placed in positions of
inferiority. Methodologically, this bibliographical research follows the Circle’s orientation
that the analysis of a text starts from the text and reaches the context of small time and great
time. The results of this comparative/dialogical study between the novels prompted reflections
not only on the position of the women represented in the novels and lived in the world of life
of the novel’s context of production, but also on the dialogue between dialogism and feminist
criticism and its contribution to literary analysis.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESOs estudos realizados em literatura comparada ao longo dos anos têm sido de grande
contribuição para essa área do conhecimento e respaldado inúmeras pesquisas no âmbito
acadêmico. Nessa perspectiva, essa análise acrescenta aos estudos comparatistas a abordagem
dialógica dos estudos literários, e busca de que maneira o heterodiscurso em relação à mulher
nos moldes de uma sociedade patriarcal/machista é representado nas obras A vida invisível de
Eurídice Gusmão (2016) da escritora brasileira Martha Batalha e Purple hibiscus (2003) da
autora nigeriana Chimamanda Adichie, corpus desta pesquisa. As obras, que são analisadas
com base na teoria do dialogismo do Círculo bakhtiniano (Bakhtin, Volóchinov e Medviédev)
em diálogo com a crítica feminista, refletem e refratam a posição da mulher na
contemporaneidade, um tema bastante consistente e significativo nas sociedades dos dias
atuais, tendo em vista que as narradoras dos romances são personagens centrais que estão
postas em posições de inferioridade. Metodologicamente, esta pesquisa bibliográfica segue as
orientações do Círculo de que a análise parte do texto, indo ao contexto do pequeno tempo e
do grande tempo. Os resultados desse estudo comparativista/dialógico entre os romances
trouxeram reflexões não apenas sobre o posicionamento das mulheres representadas nos
romances e vivida no mundo da vida de seus contextos de produção, mas também sobre o
diálogo entre o dialogismo e a crítica feminista e a sua contribuição para a análise literária
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