1,721,518 research outputs found
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No full text An Update: Uveitis in Children. SERI and the Asia-ARVO meeting-The only translational ophthalmology meeting in Asia. Interview with the Expert: Prof Wong Tien Yin. </jats:p
CURRENT CONCEPTS AND MODALITIES FOR MONITORING THE FELLOW EYE IN NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION
No full textPurpose: The presence of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in one eye is a major risk factor for the development of disease in the fellow eye. Several methods exist to help physicians monitor the fellow eye, with new technologies becoming increasingly available. Methods: We provide an overview of modalities for nAMD monitoring, including advances in home-based options, and review their utility for fellow-eye monitoring, based on a review of the literature and a consensus of retinal experts. Results: Studies demonstrate the importance of early detection of nAMD in the fellow eye so that interventions can be made before significant vision loss occurs. A series of techniques exist for the early detection of nAMD including chart-based methods and imaging devices. The increased availability of home-based methods has presented an opportunity for patients to monitor their vision at home. Conclusion: Frequent monitoring of the fellow eye in patients with unilateral nAMD is of critical importance to prevent vision loss and maintain quality of life. Patients should be examined every 3 to 4 months from the time of choroidal neovascularization diagnosis and encouraged to monitor their vision at home using home-based technologies where available, to provide the best opportunity for early detection
A Clinically Guided Approach for Training Deep Neural Networks for Myopic Maculopathy Classification
Full text linkPathologic myopia (PM) is a sight-threatening disease characterised by abnormal ocular changes due to excessive axial elongation in myopes. One important clinical manifestation of PM is myopic maculopathy (MM), which is categorised into 5 ordinal classes based on the established META-PM classification framework. This paper details a robust deep learning approach to automatically classifying MM from colour fundus photographs as part of the recently held Myopic Maculopathy Analysis Challenge (MMAC). A ResNet-18 model pretrained on ImageNet-1K was trained for the task. Pertinent MM lesions (patchy or macular atrophy) were manually segmented in images from the MMAC dataset and another publicly available dataset (PALM) to create a collection of lesion masks based on which an additional 250 images with severe MM were synthesised to mitigate class imbalance in the original training set. The image synthesis pipeline was guided by clinical domain knowledge: (1) synthesised macular atrophy tended to be circular with a regressed fibrovascular membrane near its centre, while patchy atrophy was more irregular and varied more greatly in size; (2) synthesised images were created using images with diffuse or patchy atrophy as background; and (3) synthesised images included examples that were not easily classifiable (e.g. creating patchy lesions that were in close proximity to the fovea). This, coupled with mix-up augmentation and ensemble prediction via test-time augmentation, enabled the model to rank first in the validation phase and fifth in the test phase. The source code is freely available at https://github.com/fyii200/MyopicMaculopathyClassification
Epidemiology and Social Determinants of Visual Impairment and Diabetic Retinopathy
Full text linkPh.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH
Cataract and cataract surgical coverage
No full textThe human lens is an optically clear structure that lies between the iris and the vitreous body of the eye. It is transparent, biconvex, composed of lens fibers, and surrounded by capsule. The lens is supported by zonules on either side. The nucleus of the lens is made up of older lens fibers, while newer fibers are located in the cortex at the outer layers of the lens. Cortical cataracts may develop within the anterior or posterior cortex of the lens, and often do not cause visual symptoms unless the visual axis is affected. Posterior sub-capsular cataracts occur mainly in the central posterior aspect of the posterior cortex of the lens and can develop rapidly. Cataracts can be secondary to ocular or systemic diseases, such as diabetes, which causes a two- to five-fold increased risk of developing lens opacity. The aetiology of age-related cataracts is multifactorial. Older age is associated with increasing prevalence of nuclear and cortical cataracts.<br/
NOVEL METHODS OF MERIDIONAL AND CIRCUMFERENTIAL ANTERIOR CHAMBER ANGLE IMAGING
Full text linkPh.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH
Community intervention trials in eye health
No full textIn recent decades, there have been a growing number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted at the community level, which are known as community intervention trials. The focus on community intervention trials has grown over the last few decades in healthcare research, shifting the paradigm from individuals to populations. This has been observed in eye health research over recent decades, primarily in low-income settings, where the prevalence of vision impairment and blindness is high. When designing a community intervention trial for eye care, various factors that are usually not considered when designing an RCT must be taken into account. The evidence generated from community intervention trials can be applied at a community level, making them highly relevant to test interventions implemented in low-resource settings. Community intervention trials remain very important in testing intervention effectiveness in a format that can have significant implications for public health practice and health policy.<br/
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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