1,721,303 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Oral health education on tooth whitening via Instagram
No full textDue to the escalating demand for tooth whitening, the over-the-counter (OTC) tooth whitening market has gone from strength to strength in recent years. However, the public knowledge about tooth whitening is far from satisfactory.
This project aimed to provide oral health education (OHE) on tooth whitening to young adults using Instagram and hence assessed its effectiveness.
An Instagram account was created to disseminate information on tooth whitening. Various functions of Instagram, including posts, stories, pollings, quizzes and direct messages, were utilised. Four topics namely, causes of tooth discolouration, over-the-counter tooth whitening products, professional tooth whitening therapy and side effects of tooth whitening, were introduced in 15 posts. Followers of the account were then invited to complete an online questionnaire consisting of 19 questions, with the aim to assess their self-perceived understanding of the four topics of tooth whitening and their perceived need for tooth whitening as well as evaluate the Instagram account and compare the effectiveness of different channels for oral health promotion.
The Instagram account had attracted over 700 followers with an average reach of around 1600 for each post. A total of 110 responses to the questionnaire were collected. In general, the followers had a rather low level of understanding of tooth whitening before following the account since their mean scores with regard to the four topics were all below 5 (3.6 – 4.7 out of 10). The mean scores increased to 6.3 – 6.5 after following with significant change (Wilcoxon signed rank test, p<0.001). Almost all (108, 98.2%) respondents agreed that the account had been effective in enhancing their understanding on tooth whitening. Respondents with low perceived need for tooth whitening showed higher scores on tooth whitening knowledge than those with high level of need before and after following the account. Respondents without dental background had greater score change compared to those with dental background after following the account and had similar scores as those with dental background before following. 70% of respondents ranked social media as the most effective channel for oral health promotion.
To conclude, the Instagram account was effective in delivering oral health education to young people. Young adults found social media to be the most effective channel to promote oral health because of accessibility and interactiveness. A substantial portion of the young adults perceived them in moderate to high levels of need for tooth whitening. The Instagram @whitening.toothman had enhanced the knowledge of tooth whitening considerably in terms of causes of tooth discolouration, OTC whitening products, professional whitening therapy and side effects of tooth whitening. Majority of people preferred social media as the medium for promoting oral health information.published_or_final_versio
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Outreach service for mental health service users
No full textBackground: People with mental illness suffer from various oral manifestations, including more caries experience, higher prevalence of deep periodontal pockets, temporomandibular disorders and dry mouth. Dental health care to this group of people has been neglected in Hong Kong. Objectives: The project aimed to impart basic dental knowledge to the mental health service users and to improve their oral health. Methods: A total of 35 mental health service users, aged from 30-72, participated in the project. Participants underwent clinical oral examinations for assessment of their oral health conditions. Self-completed questionnaires were distributed to assess their oral health related quality of life, self-perceived oral conditions and oral health knowledge. Oral health talks and individualised oral hygiene instructions were provided. Mental health service users were reassessed after two weeks. Visible plaque index (VPI) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) were recorded in both visits for comparison of the oral hygiene status. Another set of questionnaire was distributed to assess improvements, if any, in the mental health service users‟ oral health knowledge. Subsequently, 35 of them received treatments. Results: Majority of mental health service users (85%) had not had a dental visit within one year. The baseline visit showed that mental health service users generally had more caries experience and more deep periodontal pockets. Misconceptions were found in mental health service users‟ oral health knowledge (mean score = 24.5 out of 44). Improvements had been shown after baseline visit (mean score = 26.8, p=0.014). Mental health service users showed significant reduction in VPI (from 42.6% to 23.3%, p<0.001) and GBI (from 39.7% to 29.5%, p=0.001) in the second visit. Treatments including 28 scaling, 27 topical fluoride applications and 10 simple restorations with atraumatic restorative technique were performed. Most mental health service users gave positive feedback on the service provided with a mean score of 9 out of 10 in overall satisfaction. Conclusion: People with mental illness have more severe oral diseases and hence a greater treatment need. Their oral health knowledge and oral hygiene status were improved through this outreach service. More dental service and more comprehensive dental education should be delivered to mental health service users.published_or_final_versio
Dental outreach service to older adults attending community and day-care centres in HK
No full textBackground: Ageing population is a global phenomenon in many industrialised countries, including Hong Kong. Satisfactory oral health in older people is important as there is strong correlation of oral status and general health. Yet, oral condition of elderly in Hong Kong has been shown unsatisfactory in Oral Health Survey 2011.
Objective: The project aimed at providing oral care services to older adults in community and day care centres which have not been covered by Outreach Dental Care Programme (ODCP).
Methods: Three community and day care centres were visited in the project. Oral examination and simple dental treatments were provided to 142 older adults in total. Participants then received oral hygiene instructions. Questionnaires were also used to collect information about oral health behaviour of the participants.
Results: The results reflected that older people in community and day care centres have generally poor oral health status and inadequate knowledge about oral health behaviour. The mean DMFT value was 14.5 (SD=8.7), while the periodontal health was also generally poor.
Only 2% of the participants examined presented with healthy periodontal condition.
Furthermore, 66% of the participants did not perform inderdental cleaning and 90% did not have regular dental check-up. A total of 178 treatment items were provided during the outreach service. The treatment most frequently provided was glass ionomer restorations by means of atraumatic restoration technique. The outreach programme was well-received by the participants. A mean score of 8.6 (SD=2.0) was given to the helpfulness of the outreach service.
It was shown that dental outreach can enhance the attitude, knowledge, oral hygiene practices and utilisation of dental care services by the elderly.
Conclusion: The study showed there is a definite need to provide dental service to noninstitutionalized older persons in day-care and community centres that have not been covered by ODCP. Participants were satisfied with the outreach service provided and it is recommended that more similar dental outreach services can be provided in the future.published_or_final_versio
'Tooth decay, go away!' : an oral health promotion workshop for toddlers and their caregivers
No full textIntroduction:
The prevalence of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) remains a pressing issue in Hong Kong.
Around half of the 5-year old children in Hong Kong experienced tooth decay, with most of such
teeth left untreated in the oral cavity. Taking into account the limited research conducted on
children younger than three years old in Hong Kong as well as the lack of oral health
programmes for toddlers, this study was designed to target this overlooked age group and their
caregivers.
Aim:
To promote oral health of toddlers in Hong Kong through conducting oral health workshops.
Methods:
Toddlers between ages one to three were targeted in our workshop. A total of 106 toddlers were
recruited via six participating service centres. A workshop consisting of four distinct components
was planned: i) completion of questionnaires and caries risk assessment; ii) oral examinations of
the toddlers; iii) oral health education which included oral hygiene instructions and
individualized dietary advice and iv) dental treatment (if necessary).
Results:
The age of the participating toddlers ranged from 12 to 39 months old with a mean age of 21.5
months. 20 participating families (18.9%) were recent immigrants to Hong Kong. A majority of
the 106 toddlers (83%) did not have any caries. Before the workshop, 90.6% of the participating
families had the habit of cleaning their toddler’s teeth but with only 36.5% of such families
performing it twice or more daily. After the workshop, almost all (99%) of participating families
had the habit of cleaning their toddler’s teeth, with 65.7% brushing twice or more daily (p<0.05).
As for the level of caregivers’ dental knowledge, weaker aspects identified included
distinguishing the functions of fluoride and caries risks factors, as well as recognising the
appropriate time for their children’s first dental visit. Participating caregivers’ knowledge on oral health improved after the workshop. Overall, caregivers found the workshop effective in allowing them to better understand about toddlers’ oral health (mean score: 4.45/5) and correct tooth brushing techniques (mean score: 4.41/5).
Conclusion:
The workshops successfully raised the awareness and increased the oral health knowledge of the
participating caregivers, as well as encouraged the adoption of proper oral hygiene and dietary
habits in the toddlers. Several misconceptions regarding the oral health knowledge amongst the
toddlers’ caregivers in this study were identified and addressed. Similar workshops can be held in the future to improve the oral health of toddlers in Hong Kong.published_or_final_versio
Oral health care for young persons in custody in correctional institutions in Hong Kong
No full textBackground - It has been found that the oral health of young persons in custody (YPICs) in different countries was worse than the general population of the same age. The authors would like to update the oral health condition and treatment needs of YPICs after 10 years from the outreach project held in Hong Kong in 2008.
Aims - The aim of this community health project is to improve the oral health status of YPICs through oral hygiene education and simple preventive treatments.
Methods - Thirty one female participants from Lai King Correctional Institution and 14 male participants from Lai Chi Rehabilitation Center and Sha Tsui Correctional Institution were involved in our project. They were asked to fill in a questionnaire which were set with reference to the Oral Health Survey 2011 in Hong Kong to facilitate comparison of the results with the general public of similar age group. An oral health education seminar were then held and teaching videos about toothbrushing and flossing were used to demonstrate the proper way of performing oral hygiene. Pamphlets from the Oral Health Education Unit, Department of Health were distributed to the participants after the seminar. Clinical examination and simple dental treatments were given to all the participants, while those who needed more complex treatment were referred to dentists.
Results - The participants included both male and female YPICs aged between 18-20 years of age (68.9%). Most of the YPICs had inadequate knowledge on caries, periodontal disease and effects of smoking on oral health. About two thirds of them brushed their teeth twice a day while over half of them had never used dental floss or adjunctive cleaning aids before. About half of them were irregular dental attendees and around a quarter had never had dental visits before. The general oral health status was found to be inferior to that of general public of the same age. In this project, oral hygiene instruction, scaling, fluoride varnish application and Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) were delivered to the YPICs. The number of YPICs receiving these treatment were 45, 41, 22 and 6 respectively.published_or_final_versio
Dental practices in Hong Kong under the outbreak of COVID-19
No full textBackground: The novel pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a public health
crisis across the globe. Healthcare professionals, including dental practitioners, are thus anticipated
to face the new challenges regarding infection control and clinic operation.
Aims: This project set out to investigate the impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak on Hong Kong dentists,
including the challenges faced and the protective measures adopted by the profession, as well as the
effects on the utilisation of local dental services.
Method: A cross-sectional online questionnaire was conducted during 11-27 March 2020. Total
population sampling was employed, reaching out to 2014 registered private dentists in Hong Kong
through mails. Data on background information, clinic suspension, change in operating hours,
challenges faced, and precautions for infection control during the outbreak of COVID-19 were collected.
Results: The response rate was 19.1% (n=378). Challenges experienced by dentists were in general
the inadequacy of personal protective equipment (PPE) (92.2%), worry over cross-transmission in
practice (94.2%) and business hardship (reflected in various aspects). Dentists with >20 years of
practice were found to be less worried about the risk of infection when compared to those with less
experiences (p=0.013). A high level of compliance to local suggested infection control protocols was
noted in terms of patient- and clinic-oriented measures, while staff-oriented measures were relatively
less practised. Dentists with >20 years of practice had a higher tendency to screen patients without
the use of health questionnaires (p=0.03), measure and record patients’ body temperature (p=0.004),
perform hand hygiene before wearing gloves (p=0.046) and provide no treatments to patients with no
suspicious symptoms and history (p=0.026), than those with ≤20 years of experience. The use of
health questionnaires, measurement of patients’ body temperature and pre-procedural rinses were
found to be significantly more adopted by dentists who were more worried (p<0.001). Dental service
utilisation during this period was largely reduced, where 86.9% of the dentists had a drop in average
patient number and 75.2% had reduced operating hours due to fewer appointments. 30.5% of the
dentists had suspended clinic operation due to the outbreak and 8.5% had not yet resumed their
operation at the time of the survey, mostly due to worries of infection (>80%).
Conclusion: Hong Kong dentists have an overall promising compliance to local infection control
protocols suggested for COVID-19 but require more attention to particular staff-oriented measures.
Dentists’ years of practice and level of worry appear to have certain impacts on the implementation
pattern. The face of challenges from the epidemic including PPE shortage, safety concern and reduced
service demand reflects that the profession is in need of more resources sharing, security for a safer
working environment, and financial aid.published_or_final_versio
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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