23 research outputs found
Paraphyletic Species of Podostemaceae: Cladopus fallax and Polypleurum wallichii
No full textKato, Masahiro, Werukamkul, Petcharat, Won, Hyosig, Koi, Satoshi (2019): Paraphyletic Species of Podostemaceae: Cladopus fallax and Polypleurum wallichii. Phytotaxa 401 (1): 33-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.401.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.401.1.
FIGURE 3 in Paraphyletic Species of Podostemaceae: Cladopus fallax and Polypleurum wallichii
No full textFIGURE 3. Bayes phylogenetic consensus tree deduced from concatenated matK and ITS sequences. Numbers above and below branches are Bayesian posterior probabilities (≥0.80) and bootstrap values (≥50 %) of ML (left) and MP (right), respectively. For simplicity, the species of Hydrobryum, both matK and ITS sequences of which were examined, are united as 'Hydrobryum species' (Appendix). C. fallax CAM-13a = LC380594 + LC380635; C. fallax CAM-13b = LC380594 + LC380636; C. fallax CAM-13c = LC380594 + LC380637; C. fallax CAM-19a = LC380595 + LC380638; C. fallax CAM-19b = LC380595 + LC380639; C. taiensis CAM-14a = LC380602 + LC380643; C. fallax CAM-14b = LC380602 + LC380644. The tree is rooted on a branch between a clade of Cladopus, Hanseniella and Hydrobryum, and Polypleurum.Published as part of Kato, Masahiro, Werukamkul, Petcharat, Won, Hyosig & Koi, Satoshi, 2019, Paraphyletic Species of Podostemaceae: Cladopus fallax and Polypleurum wallichii, pp. 33-48 in Phytotaxa 401 (1) on page 41, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.401.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/558584
FIGURE 1 in Paraphyletic Species of Podostemaceae: Cladopus fallax and Polypleurum wallichii
No full textFIGURE 1. Bayes phylogenetic consensus tree deduced from matK sequences. Numbers above and below branches are Bayesian posterior probabilities (≥0.80) and bootstrap values (≥50 %) of ML (left) and MP (right), respectively. Single asterisk (*) indicates that specimen JK- Manose is followed by additional specimens with the same sequence, JK-02, JK-Yamazaki, JK-Anraku, JP-127, JK-Mawatari, and CH-02. Double asterisk (**) indicates that specimen CP-07 is followed by additional specimens with the same sequence, CP-22, 24, 27, and 29. For simplicity, species of Hanseniella, Hydrobryum, Hydrodiscus and Thawatchaia examined are united as a single clade (for materials see Appendix). The tree is rooted on a branch between a clade of Cladopus, Hanseniella, Hydrobryum, Hydrodiscus, Paracladopus and Thawatchaia, and a clade of Polypleurum, Griffithella, Hydrobryopsis, Willisia and Zeylanidium.Published as part of Kato, Masahiro, Werukamkul, Petcharat, Won, Hyosig & Koi, Satoshi, 2019, Paraphyletic Species of Podostemaceae: Cladopus fallax and Polypleurum wallichii, pp. 33-48 in Phytotaxa 401 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.401.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/558584
Cladopus fallax C. Cusset
No full textCladopus fallax Cladopus fallax was distinguished from other congeners by combined characters. It differs from C. taiensis in the form (surface-viewed and in cross section), surface and number of the bract-segments, from C. nymanii H.Möller in the length of the stamens and the number of ovules, from C. queenslandicus (Domin) C.D.K.Cook & Rutish. in the length of the flowering shoots and the number and form of the bracts, and from C. javanicus M.Kato & Hambali in the length of the flowering shoots, the number of the bracts, and the length of the capsules and capsule stalks (Table 2). In the chloroplast matK tree (Fig. 1), Cladopus was divided into two clades with robust support. One clade (upper in Fig. 1) was subdivided into three subclades, i.e. a subclade consisting of C. fallax -1 from Cambodia, C. fallax -2 from Thailand and C. taiensis; a subclade of C. javanicus, C. nymanii and C. queenslandicus; and C. fallax - 3 from Cambodia. Cladopus fallax -1 had the same sequence as the Thai specimens of C. taiensis (TL-101, TL-102, TL-604), the two were sister to the other C. taiensis from Cambodia and Thailand, and all were sister to C. fallax -2. Geographically, C. fallax -1 is adjacent to C. taiensis (CAM-07, CAM-14) of Cambodia (4.2 or 12.2 km apart) and far from the Thai populations. The nuclear ITS tree (Fig. 2) showed that there are variations in the ITS regions of C. fallax CAM-13, C. fallax CAM-19 and C. taiensis CAM-14, while uniform in others (e.g. C. fallax CAM-26, C. fallax CAM-41, C. fallax TKF-109, C. taiensis TL-604). The variants of CAM-13 and CAM-19 of C. fallax -1, and CAM-14 of C. taiensis were grouped in each clade, although one C. fallax CAM-13 was isolated. These samples of C. fallax -1 and C. taiensis formed a monophyletic clade, with low support, which was sister to C. fallax -2 and together sister to C. fallax -3. In the combined matK and ITS tree, C. fallax -1 and C. taiensis were monophyletic and sister to C. fallax -2 (Fig. 3). Then, C. fallax -1, C. fallax -2, C. fallax -3 and C. taiensis, together with C. javanicus, were monophyletic.Published as part of Kato, Masahiro, Werukamkul, Petcharat, Won, Hyosig & Koi, Satoshi, 2019, Paraphyletic Species of Podostemaceae: Cladopus fallax and Polypleurum wallichii, pp. 33-48 in Phytotaxa 401 (1) on page 38, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.401.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/558584
Polypleurum wallichii (R.Br. ex Griff.) Warm
No full text<i>Polypleurum wallichii</i> <p> In the <i>Polypleurum wallichii</i> group, <i>P. stylosum</i> differs from <i>P. wallichii</i> in the root habit, the length and width of the root and the length of the pedicel and stalk of the capsule, although the ranges of variation in the characters are similar (Table 3; Fig. 4). <i>Polypleurum elongatum</i> (Gardner) J.B.Hall differs from the two species by the root being long, adhering only at the base and floating nearly its full length. <i>Polypleurum schmidtianum</i> differs from <i>P. wallichii</i> in one stamen (versus 2) and indistinctly in the root being relatively short and narrow and adhered to the rock for its full length, the pedicel short, in which the ranges of variations overlap to some extents.</p> <p> In the <i>matK</i> phylogenetic tree (Fig. 1), <i>Polypleurum wallichii</i>, <i>P. stylosum</i>, <i>P. elongatum</i> and <i>P. schmidtianum</i> were monophyletic and sister to <i>P. munnarense</i> Nagendran & Arekal, although the relationships within the clade were not well resolved. <i>Polypleurum wallichii</i> was divided into three subgroups. <i>Polypleurum wallichii</i> -1 and <i>P. wallichii</i> - 3 with <i>P. stylosum</i> KI-109 each were robustly monophyletic, whereas <i>P. wallichii</i> -2 was an unresolved subgroup. <i>Polypleurum wallichii</i> -2 was defined by its distribution in Laos and Thailand (while <i>P. wallichii</i> -1 and 3 occur in Cambodia and India, respectively). The three subgroups were morphologically variable and inseparable (Table 3).</p> <p> <i>Polypleurum wallichii</i> -1 (from one site in Cambodia [Koh Kong Province]) was sister to <i>P. schmidtianum</i> (Fig. 1). Geographically, the <i>P. wallichii</i> -1 plants (CAM-03, CAM-11) were sympatric with CAM-05 and CAM-12 of <i>P. schmidtianum</i>, and they grew in adjacent subpopulations in the same habitat. <i>Polypleurum wallichii</i> -2 comprised specimens from eastern and central Thailand and northern central Laos. <i>Polypleurum wallichii</i> -3 comprised specimens from Meghalaya, northeastern India, and had the same sequences as southern Indian KI-109. <i>Polypleurum stylosum</i> (specimens of which were collected from southern India and Sri Lanka) was also not monophyletic and divided into several subclades, of which Cu-90003, IND-1401 and IND-1413 were monophyletic, with low support, with <i>P. wallichii</i> -3 and KI-109 of <i>P. stylosum</i>, and as well as <i>P. elongatum</i>.</p> <p> The relationships deduced from the ITS sequences,like the <i>matK</i> tree, showed that <i>P.wallichii</i> -1 and <i>P.schmidtianum</i> were monophyletic (Fig. 2). This <i>P. wallichii</i> -1 clade, <i>P. wallichii</i> -2 and <i>P. wallichii</i> -3 were separated from each other. As a whole, <i>P. schmidtianum</i>, <i>P. stylosum</i> and <i>P. wallichii</i>, together with <i>P. munnarense</i> and <i>Hydrobryopsis sessilis</i> (Willis) Engl., formed an unresolved complex.</p> <p> In the combined <i>matK</i> and ITS tree, <i>P. wallichii</i> -1 and <i>P. schmidtianum</i> were monophyletic (Fig. 3). The clade was sister to <i>P. wallichii</i> -2 and both were sister to <i>P. wallichii</i> -3.</p>Published as part of <i>Kato, Masahiro, Werukamkul, Petcharat, Won, Hyosig & Koi, Satoshi, 2019, Paraphyletic Species of Podostemaceae: Cladopus fallax and Polypleurum wallichii, pp. 33-48 in Phytotaxa 401 (1)</i> on pages 38-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.401.1.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5585849">http://zenodo.org/record/5585849</a>
Data from: Repeated Evolution of Dioecy from Monoecy in Siparunaceae (Laurales)
No full textSiparunaceae comprise Glossocalyx with one species in West Africa and Siparuna with 65 species in the neotropics; all have unisexual flowers, and 15 species are monoecious, 50 dioecious. Parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of combined nuclear ribosomal ITS and chloroplast trnL-trnF intergenic spacer sequences yielded almost identical topologies, which were used to trace the evolution of the two sexual systems. The African species, which is dioecious, was sister to all neotropical species, and the monoecious species formed a grade basal to a large dioecious Andean clade. Dioecy evolved a second time within the monoecious grade. Geographical mapping of 6,496 herbarium collections from all species sorted by sexual system showed that monoecy is confined to low-lying areas (altitude < 700 m) in the Amazon basin and southern Central America. The only morphological trait with a strong phylogenetic signal is leaf margin shape (entire or toothed), although this character also correlates with altitude, probably reflecting selection on leaf shapes by temperature and rainfall regimes. The data do not reject the molecular clock, and branch lengths suggest that the shift to dioecy in the lowlands occurred many million years after the shift to dioecy in the ancestor of the Andean clade
Data from: Repeated Evolution of Dioecy from Monoecy in Siparunaceae (Laurales)
No full textSiparunaceae comprise Glossocalyx with one species in West Africa and Siparuna with 65 species in the neotropics; all have unisexual flowers, and 15 species are monoecious, 50 dioecious. Parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of combined nuclear ribosomal ITS and chloroplast trnL-trnF intergenic spacer sequences yielded almost identical topologies, which were used to trace the evolution of the two sexual systems. The African species, which is dioecious, was sister to all neotropical species, and the monoecious species formed a grade basal to a large dioecious Andean clade. Dioecy evolved a second time within the monoecious grade. Geographical mapping of 6,496 herbarium collections from all species sorted by sexual system showed that monoecy is confined to low-lying areas (altitude < 700 m) in the Amazon basin and southern Central America. The only morphological trait with a strong phylogenetic signal is leaf margin shape (entire or toothed), although this character also correlates with altitude, probably reflecting selection on leaf shapes by temperature and rainfall regimes. The data do not reject the molecular clock, and branch lengths suggest that the shift to dioecy in the lowlands occurred many million years after the shift to dioecy in the ancestor of the Andean clade
