56,490 research outputs found
NON-LINEAR ADJUSTMENT PROCESS IN WON/DOLLAR AND WON/YEN REAL EXCHAGE RATES
No full textWe examine the purchasing power parity (PPP) hypothesis in won/dollar and won/yen real exchange rates using a non-linear framework. Many empirical studies based on the linear framework have failed to find clear supporting evidence for the validity of PPP hypothesis. We test the PPP hypothesis using a two-stage procedure suggested by Engle and Granger (1987), and show that it fails to reject non-cointegration. Evaluating the linear model against the nonlinear STAR model, we find that linearity is clearly rejected, but ESTAR process is accepted. Moreover, the parameter estimates of the ESTAR model establish a certain pattern of random walk behavior for small deviations and of fast adjustment for large deviations, thus providing strong evidence for mean-reverting behavior in real won/dollar and won/yen exchange rates.Purchasing Power Parity, Non-linear Adjustment Process, ESTAR Model
Racial Equality and the Law: Creating an Effective Statute and Enforcement Model for Hong Kong
No full textThe Hong Kong government has commenced a public consultation exercise on a bill to prohibit racial discrimination, which is expected to be introduced in the Legislative Council in early 2005. The government has proposed to model the bill on the existing Sex Discrimination Ordinance (SDO) and the Disability Discrimination Ordinance (DDO). While there are advantages to adopting a familiar format, the author argues that the SDO and DDO can be improved upon, in particular, that a more flexible definition of indirect discrimination should be adopted and that special provisions be drafted to address discrimination against new immigrants from mainland China. The author takes the view that this is an opportune time to strengthen the enforcement model for all of Hong Kong's anti-discrimination laws. The author proposes that officers at the Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC) be empowered to take a more proactive approach and that a specialist equal opportunities tribunal should be established outside the auspices of the EOC.published_or_final_versio
The Failure of the Hong Kong Court of Appeal to Recognise and Remedy Disability Discrimination
No full textThis article critiques the recent decision of the Hong Kong Court of Appeal in Ma Bik Yung v Ko Chuen, the first case to be tried under Hong Kong's Disability Discrimination Ordinance. The Court of Appeal upheld the District Court's finding of disability harassment but granted the appeal from the finding of disability discrimination. The author argues that the Court erred, by introducing a hypothetical factual scenario that was inconsistent with the District Court's findings of fact and by failing to apply s3 of the Ordinance. The article also criticises the Court's holding that an 'unwilling' apology is outside the scope of remedies allowed by the Ordinance. In fact, similar statutory language is regularly used in Australia as the basis for orders to apologise. The author concludes by considering the potential conflict between the right to free expression and court-ordered apologies and suggests two possible approaches to the issue.published_or_final_versio
Mosses new to Hong Kong (1)
No full textTen moss species - Garkea flexuosa (Griffith) Marg. & Nork., Campylopus laxitextus Lac., Fissidens dubius P. Beauv., Fissidens ceylonensis Dozy & Molk, Fissidens maceratus Mitt., Philonotis thwaitesii Mitt., Isopterygium minutirameum (C. Muell.)Jaeg., Homalia trichomanoides (Hedw.) B.S.G., Pogonatum neesii (C. Muell.) Dozyand Polytrichum formosum Hedw. are reported new to Hong Kong. Among them, five are new to Guangdong Province of China
Cataloging coding sequence variations in human genome databases.
No full textBACKGROUND: With the recent growth of information on sequence variations in the human genome, predictions regarding the functional effects and relevance to disease phenotypes of coding sequence variations are becoming increasingly important. The aims of this study were to catalog protein-coding sequence variations (CVs) occurring in genetic variation databases and to use bioinformatic programs to analyze CVs. In addition, we aim to provide insight into the functionality of the reference databases. METHODOLOGY AND FINDINGS: To catalog CVs on a genome-wide scale with regard to protein function and disease, we investigated three representative databases; the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD), the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms database (dbSNP), and the Haplotype Map (HapMap). Using these three databases, we analyzed CVs at the protein function level with bioinformatic programs. We proposed a combinatorial approach using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) to increase the performance of the prediction programs. By cataloging the coding sequence variations using these databases, we found that 4.36% of CVs from HGMD are concurrently registered in dbSNP (8.11% of CVs from dbSNP are concurrent in HGMD). The pattern of substitutions and functional consequences predicted by three bioinformatic programs was significantly different among concurrent CVs, and CVs occurring solely in HGMD or in dbSNP. The experimental results showed that the proposed SVM combination noticeably outperformed the individual prediction programs. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to compare human sequence variations in HGMD, dbSNP and HapMap at the genome-wide level. We found that a significant proportion of CVs in HGMD and dbSNP overlap, and we emphasize the need to use caution when interpreting the phenotypic relevance of these concurrent CVs. Combining bioinformatic programs can be helpful in predicting the functional consequences of CVs because it improved the performance of functional predictions
Criminal Due Process in Hong Kong and Singapore: A Mutual Challenge
No full textThis article explores what the author believes to be the fruitful task of comparing the divergent development of criminal due process jurisprudence in Hong Kong following the enactment of the Bill of Rights Ordinance and the Basic Law, with that in Singapore. Whilst Singapore cases have remained conservative, Hong Kong courts have begun to develop what promises to be a robust attitude toward due process issues. It is argued that the comparison between the two jurisdictions is especially apt given the many similarities between the peoples of Hong Kong and Singapore. The article also ventures to sketch out the predictive exercise of asking whether Singapore is likely to become more like Hong Kong, or whether it is Hong Kong which will move closer to Singapore
Understanding marriage : a Hong Kong case study
No full textBased on a marital study in Hong Kong, this book examines changes that occur in the marital relationship today. The author concludes that as 'affective individualism' is used to characterize modern marriages in the West, 'affective familism' is a more appropriate character of marriages among the Chinese in Hong Kongpublished_or_final_versionPrefaceAcknowledgmentsIntroduction p5Appendices p161Bibliography p191Author Index p201Subject Index p205Prologue: Mr and Mrs Lee p1Pt. I The Hong Kong Marital Study p11Pt. II Variations in Marriage p59Pt. III Marital Interdependence p117Appendix 1 The Measuring Instruments p163Appendix 2 Determining Criterion Groups p174Appendix 3 Statistical Tests Applied in the Study p184Appendix 4 The Marital Relationship Index - MRI p1861 Studying Marriages in Hong Kong p132 The Hong Kong Marital Study p293 The Couple's Descriptions of Their Relationship p454 Classification of Types of Marriage p615 Variations in the Marital Experience According to the Life Cycle p856 Variations in the Marital Experience According to Gender and Generational Issues p997 The Transition From Traditional to Companionship Marriages p1198 Interdependence in Marital Relationships p1339 Tuning Into Spousal Negotiations p14
- …
