1,721,109 research outputs found
Knowledge through narrative:philosophical and theological explorations of biblical stories
No full textOne of the most wide-reaching and generative developments in recent analytic philosophy has been the upsurge of interest in social cognition and second-person knowledge. In philosophy of mind, an explosion of research has illuminated what philosophers call ‘mind-reading’, or an intuitive, non-propositional understanding of the mental states of other people, especially in contexts of shared attention. In epistemology, a wide range of work has examined the social character of knowledge and of the transmission of knowledge. In philosophy of religion and philosophical theology, a growing number of studies have highlighted the centrality of second-personal knowledge and empathy for understanding some long-standing problems, such as the problem of evil
A narrative and apocalyptic philosophy of prayer:being towards God
No full textBiblical accounts of prayer often attend to the personal and communal narratives that shape the human need and desire to address God. The Book of Daniel offers a particularly vivid narrative context of prayer, telling the story of a young Israelite who cultivates a persistent practice of prayer in circumstances that are unusually challenging and have uncommonly high stakes. In narrating these prayers, the Book of Daniel unveils dimensions of prayer that are not philosophically predictable but can be philosophically interpreted. This essay attempts such an interpretation, identifying two central dimensions of Daniel's prayers: the eschatological and the hermeneutic. Prayer is eschatological because it seeks the discernment of our final end and the means of its attainment as we make ourselves present to God. Prayer is hermeneutical because it is a task of reading the signs of our lives, interpreting our needs and desires in relation to the divine will and to our final end. The essay begins with a reading of Daniel's prayers in their narrative context, drawing on a range of contemporary interpretations – historical, political, and philosophical – to achieve a better understanding of their qualities and functions. The essay continues with a reading of Aquinas's account of prayer informed by this textual work and with an outlook on contemporary philosophical questions surrounding prayer, particularly the phenomenology of prayer offered by Jean-Louis Chrétien and the analysis of desire of Henri de Lubac. Across both parts, the essay draws attention to the eschatological orientation of prayer, its intimate connection to the theological virtue of hope, and the place of grace in drawing the human spirit, through prayer, to a final consummation
Eschatology
Full text linkThis chapter traces trends in nineteenth-century thought concerning eschatology and apocalypticism. Contrary to twentieth-century wisdom, eschatology was of central importance in nineteenth-century Christian consciousness and its philosophical inflections. Radical developments were seen in the doctrines of hell (whose eternal duration was increasingly questioned or rejected in favour of versions of apocatastasis) and the question of an imminent earthly messianic kingdom. Eschatological conceptions of history were secularized in Idealist and Romantic narratives of education and nationalist aspiration. In all these areas, the nineteenth-century eschatological consciousness was overwhelmingly one of continuity between earthly progress and transcendent continuation or fulfilment. This model of continuity began to be questioned in theology and biblical studies in the waning nineteenth century, and collapsed by the dawn of the First World War. Models of rupture now took its place, tendentiously projecting back onto the nineteenth century an ‘eschatological slumber’ from which only the twentieth century roused theology
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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