1,721,158 research outputs found
Deployment of an AWAC off the east coast of St Vincent, 2018-2019
Full text linkThe eastern Caribbean islands encompass some of the most vulnerable coastlines in terms of sea level rise and exposure to tropical cyclones (hurricanes), waves and storm surges. The climate in the Caribbean is already changing and sea level rise impacts are being observed. Governments in the Caribbean islands, many of which may be regarded as Small Island Developing States, recognise that climate change and sea level rise are serious threats to the sustainable development and economic growth of their countries and urgent actions are required to increase climate resilience and make informed decisions about how to adapt to future climate change (Caribbean Marine Climate Change Report Card, 2017; IPCC, 2014). Although the level of vulnerability will vary from island to island, it is expected that practically all SIDS will be adversely affected by sea level rise. Islands typically have a windward coast, which is exposed to coastal erosion by storm and swell waves from the Atlantic Ocean, but there are limited in situ data on wave conditions in the nearshore zone. In this report, we present results from deployment of a wave and current meter deployment over two 2-month periods off the east coast of the island of Saint Vincent (the main island of the state of Saint Vincent and Grenadines). The work presented here is a contribution to a wide range of ongoing activities under the Commonwealth Marine Economies (CME) Programme in the Caribbean, falling within the NOC-led project “Climate Change Impact Assessment: Ocean Modelling and Monitoring for the Caribbean CME states”, 2018-2020
St Vincent – Black Point Beach Modelling
Full text linkBlack Point on the East coast of St Vincent and Grenada was modelled using a storm impact model. A total of 5 different storm events were simulated, based on peak wave parameters taken directly from observations made in July-October 2018 and from numerical and parametric models of hurricane events. Impacts from these events were assessed by calculating wave run up and beach level erosion and deposition during the events. The results of the model simulations show that the 98th percentile (standard impact parameter R2%) of wave run up for the observed events were largely the same despite a noticeable difference in their boundary conditions. Therefore, for these events the impact on the coastline is largely the same. For tropical cyclone events, there is a variety in the impacts depending on the wind forcing used. ERA5 reanalysis winds are lower than those observed, but using Holland wind forcing, derived from the best track hurricane archive data for the same event (Hurricane Tomas in 2010) and results in much larger impacts, with wave runup over a metre higher than for the forcing taken from the observed events for the R2% assessment parameter. It has been noted that the parametric wind forcing, for a Category 4 hurricane in particular, results in waves that are outside the conditions that the model is known to be validated for and so should be considered suspect without further validation. Changes in beach levels during the simulations was also calculated, with the work focusing on the upper 250m of the beach. The beach profile at Black Point was reconstructed based on LiDAR bathymetry collected by the UKHO in 2016-2017. All events smooth out the beach profile, removing small bumps and berms. There are small changes during the observed events, with a small berm being removed at the top of the beach and a slight increase in the height of the beach itself. There are large differences for the tropical cyclone wind events, with ERA5 winds having a lower impact than the observed events, with just a smoothing of the beach. The higher wind forcing from Holland winds results in a greater change where from 150 m offshore there is erosion of the beach, leading to a steepening of the beach slope and a higher beach crest. This would reduce the impact of the extreme event itself. Finally, parametric waves for a Category 4 hurricane result in heavy erosion 250m offshore all the way to the end of the beach with the beach crest being totally removed. This would result in water over-washing the beach completely. However, as previously mentioned, these wave parameters are outside the model validation and the results for this simulation should be treated with caution. It does however indicate the potential severity of the impact of a Category 4 Hurricane
Guidance note on the application of coastal modelling for small island developing states: Part of the NOC-led project “Climate Change Impact Assessment: Ocean Modelling and Monitoring for the Caribbean CME states”, 2017-2020; under the Commonwealth Marine Economies (CME) Programme in the Caribbean
Full text linkSmall Island Developing States (SIDS) are a diverse group of 51 countries and territories vulnerable to human-induced climate change, due to factors including their small size, large exclusive economic zones and limited resources. They generally have insufficient critical mass in scientific research and technical capability to carry out coastal monitoring campaigns from scratch and limited access to data. This guidance report will go some way to addressing these issues by providing information on monitoring methods and signposting data sources. Coastal monitoring, the collection, analysis and storage of information about coastal processes and the response of the coastline, provides information on how the coast changes over time, after storm events and due to the effects of human intervention. Accurate and repeatable observational data is essential to informed decision making, particularly in light of climate change, the impacts of which are already being felt. In this report, we review the need for monitoring and the development of appropriate strategies, which include good baseline data and long-term repeatable data collection at appropriate timescales. We identify some of the methods for collection of in situ data, such as tide gauges and topographic survey, and highlight where resources in terms of data and equipment are currently available. We then go on to explore the range of remote sensing methods available from satellites to smart phone photography. Both in situ and remotely sensed data are important as inputs into models, which in turn feed in to visualisations for decision-making. We review the availability of a wide range of datasets, including details of how to access satellite data and links to international and regional data banks. The report concludes with information on the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and good practice in managing data
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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