1,720,965 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Etude du rôle de la modification de l'état de sulfatation des héparanes sulfates protéoglycanes (HSPGs) par la protéine DSulf1 dans la régulation de la voie de signalisation Hedgehog (Hh) chez la drosophile
No full textL'information de position mise en place au cours du développement des organismes pluricellulaires est, dans la majorité des cas, donnée par des molécules appelées morphogènes.
Ces molécules synthétisées de manière localisée diffusent dans les tissus cibles en établissant un gradient de concentration décroissant permettant ainsi de réguler l'expression de gènes cibles en fonction de la dose perçue par les cellules. Parmi les familles de morphogènes existantes, les molécules de la famille Hedgehog (Hh) ont un rôle particulièrement important et sont impliquées dans la régulation de nombreux processus développementaux à la fois chez la Drosophile et les vertébrés.
Une étape clé de la régulation de cette voie de signalisation est la compréhension des mécanismes moléculaires qui contrôlent la formation du gradient de concentration dans le territoire cible. Parmi les facteurs impliqués dans le mouvement de Hh dans l'espace extracellulaire, les macromolécules matricielles appartenant à la famille des héparanes sulfates protéoglycanes (HSPGs) ont été décrites comme jouant un rôle important dans ce processus. Les HSPGs sont composés d'une protéine cœur sur laquelle sont liées, de manière covalente des chaînes polysaccharidiques. Au cours de leur biosynthèse, ces chaînes de type HS peuvent être modifiées par l'ajout de groupements sulfates à différentes positions permettant ainsi d'établir un profil de sulfatation caractéristique des différents HSPGs. L'identification récente de sulfatases sécrétées de type Sulf, enzymes qui catalysent l'élimination de groupements sulfates en position 6-O (6-O-endosulfatase), indique que le profil de sulfatation des HSPGs peut également être modulé dans l'espace extracellulaire.
Mes travaux de thèse, ont permis d'identifier DSulf1, l'unique gène codant pour une 6-O-endosulfatase chez la drosophile, comme un nouveau régulateur de la voie de signalisation Hh au cours du développement de l'aile. En particulier, j'ai pu montrer, dans le disque imaginal d'aile, structure larvaire à l'origine de l'aile adulte, que DSulf1, en modulant la distribution du morphogène au pôle apical des cellules, permet de positionner précisément les domaines d'expression des gènes cibles de Hh. De manière intéressante, nous avons pu mettre en évidence que cette enzyme, par la même activité, possède deux fonctions distinctes dans ce tissu. En effet, DSulf1 se comporte comme un régulateur positif dans le territoire source de Hh, en permettant un relargage plus important du morphogène dans le compartiment cible. A l'inverse, dans le tissu cible celle-ci agit comme un régulateur négatif, probablement en déstabilisant la liaison de Hh sur les HSPGs, interaction nécessaire pour une activation efficace de la voie de transduction du signal. Nous avons, par ailleurs montré que l'expression de DSulf1 est dynamique et que celle-ci apparait secondairement à l'expression des gènes cibles de la voie en réponse à l'activité de la voie de signalisation EGFR, elle-même positionnée par le morphogène Hh. Ces résultats nous ont permis de proposer que DSulf1 fait partie d'une boucle de rétrocontrôle qui permet de maintenir dans l'espace et le temps les domaines d'expression des gènes cibles de la voie de signalisation Hh au cours du développement de l'aile chez la drosophile.The positional information during multicellular organisms development is, in most cases, given by molecules called morphogens. These molecules are synthesized in a localized fashion and spread in target tissues, establishing a decreasing concentration gradient and regulate the expression of target genes in a dose dependant manner. Among morphogens, molecules of the Hedgehog family (Hh) are involved in regulating many developmental processes in both Drosophila and vertebrates. A key step in regulating this pathway is the molecular mechanisms that control the formation of concentration gradient in the target territory. Several factors regulating the movement of Hh in the extracellular space, have been identified among which the macromolecules belonging to the family of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG). The HSPG are extracellular components consisting of a core protein which is linked covalently to polysaccharide chains. During their biosynthesis, these chains, called HS chains, can be modified by the addition of sulfate groups at different positions leading to establishment of distinct profiles and thus a great variety of HSPGs. The recent identification of secreted sulfatases that catalyze the specific removal of sulfate groups in position 6-O oh HS (6-O-endosulfatase) indicates that the sulfation pattern of HSPG may also be modulated in the extracellular space.
During my thesis work, we identified DSulf1, the only gene encoding for a 6-O-endosulfatase in Drosophila as a novel regulator of the Hh signaling pathway during wing development. In particular, I showed that DSulf1, by modulating the distribution of Hh morphogen at the apical pole of cells, can accurately position the expression domains of Hh target genes in the wing imaginal disc, larval structure giving rise to the adult wing. Interestingly, we demonstrated that this enzyme, by the same effects on Hh release, has two distinct functions in this tissue. Indeed, DSulf1 behaves as a positive regulator in Hh producing cells, allowing an enhanced release of the Hh morphogen towards its target field. Conversely, in the target tissue, it acts as a negative regulator, likely by destabilizing the binding of Hh/ HSPG interaction required for efficient activation of the signal transduction pathway. We have also shown that Dsulf1 expression is dynamic and it starts secondarily to the expression of Hh target genes. Our work shows that Dsulf1 expression depends on EGFR signaling pathway, which is itself positioned by the Hh morphogen. These results enabled us to propose that DSulf1 is part of a feedback loop that maintains in space and time expression domains of Hh target genes during Drosophila wing development
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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